车载自动过分相系统地感器的埋点方式

针对广深线和湘黔线车载自动过分相系统地感器的现状 ,分析了它们的设置特点 ,对电气化线路上采用何种地感器埋点方式提出了改进建议。改进后的地感器可适用低于 30 0 km/ h速度范围内的客货列车的自动过分相控制需要。

电分相地感器在无砟轨道区段的安装结构探讨

研究目的：无砟轨道是客运专线轨道发展的趋势，遂渝铁路路基上无砟轨道是国内首次铺设，在其上安装过分相系统地面感应装置（地感器）也是一项新课题。因此研究地感器安装结构很有必要。研究结果：根据遂渝无砟轨道及自动过分相系统的介绍，探讨了无砟轨道区段自动过分相系统地感器的安装设置方式。该方式具有结构合理、性能稳定的特点，遂渝无砟轨道区段电气化工程的试验及开通验证了其能满足高速电气化铁路的安全运行要求。

电力机车车上控制自动过分相的几个问题

扼要地介绍了当前电力机车自动过分相的状况,并就车上控制的5个问题:过分相预告信号的获取、地感器的埋点方式、如何适应不同速度过分相、驶出分相区的信号以及冗余设计等谈了个人看法。

无砟轨道区段电分相地面感应装置的安装与设计

通过对遂渝无砟轨道及自动过分相系统的介绍,探讨了无砟轨道区段自动过分相系统地面感应装置的安装设置方式。该方式具有结构合理、性能稳定的特点,遂渝无砟轨道区段电气化工程试验及开通已近1年,经验证,能满足高速电气化铁路的安全运行要求。

大秦线车载自动过分相系统的研制与应用

主要分析了针对大秦线开行重载组合列车而开发研制的大秦线车载自动过分相系统的组成及其原理,介绍了系统的主要控制功能。经现场使用证实,大秦线车载自动过分相系统保证了2万t组合列车自动通过分相区,系统运行安全可靠。

A new type of fiber Bragg grating based seismic geophone

Aimed at the poor performance of conventional geophones in exploration for deeper and complex targets, we present the principle and theoretical design of a new geophone based on the optical fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensing technology. The important parameters such as response functions are calculated theoretically. Because of the advantages of FBG sensing technology, the new FBG geophone has a high dynamic range of 94dB at （10-200 Hz）. This new generation of geophones will have wide use in seismic prospecting due to its higher sensitivity, lighter weight, and lower cost.

京秦线自动过分相系统的试验和调整

介绍了京秦线自动过分相方案的工作原理及线路试验情况,对试验中出现的问题进行了分析,提出了相应的改进措施,并对该方案的技术特点进行了总结。

浅析电力机车自动过分相装置故障对机车运行的影响

为保持电力系统三相负荷平衡,电气化铁道供电系统采用分段换相供电。为安全通过接触网供电死区,车载自动过分相装置广泛应用于电力机车。本文结合机车运行中过分相装置出现的四种常见故障,分析讨论其故障原因及对机车运行的影响。

Study on Determination of the Best Setting Position for Moisture Sensor Based on Growth Characteristics of Greenhouse Tomato in Sand Culture

The study was conducted to study the rational setting position of sand moisture sensor in real-time control irrigation system for greenhouse tomato. Six treatments were designed according to horizontal distance and vertical depth from sensor to dripper, different upper and lower water content limits were set for differ-ent growth stages, and indexes including tomato growth, root, photosynthetic param-eter, quality, WUE and yield were systematical y analyzed. The result showed that it is suitable to bury soil moisture sensor in sand field with a vertical depth and a horizontal distance both of 10 cm from the dripper.

合宁客运专线电力机车自动过分相原理分析

结合合宁客运专线的实际施工经验,对时速250km客专接触网的六跨电分相施工原理、电力机车自动过分相系统工作方式、地感器安装原理进行详细分析。

Ground control monitoring of retreat room–and–pillar mine in Central Appalachia

In order to study pillar and overburden response to retreat mining, a ground control program was conducted at a Central Appalachian Mine. The program consisted of several monitoring methods including a seismic monitoring system, borehole pressure cells in the pillars, and time-lapse photogrammetry of the pillar ribs. Two parallel geophone arrays were installed, one on each side of the panel with the sensors mounted 3 m into the roof. A total of fourteen geophones recorded more than 5000 events during the panel retreat. A MIDAS datalogger was used to record pressure from borehole pressure cells(BPCs)located in two adjacent pillars that were not mined during retreat. A series of photographs were taken of the pillars that had the BPCs as the face approached so that deformation of the entire rib could be monitored using photogrammetry. Results showed that pillar stability and cave development were as expected. The BPCs showed an increase in loading when the face was 115 m inby and a clear onset of the forward abutment at 30 m. The photogrammetry results displayed pillar deformation corresponding to the increased loading. The microseismic monitoring results showed the overburden caving inby the face, again as expected. The significance of these results lies in two points,(1) we can quantify the safe manner in which this mine is conducting retreating operations, and(2) we can use volumetric technologies(photogrammetry and microseismic) to monitor entire volumes of the mine in addition to the traditional point-location geotechnical measurements(BPCs).

Using Unmanned Underwater Vehicles as Research Platforms in Coastal Ocean Studies

The advantages of using unmanned underwater vehicles in coastal ocean studies are emphasized. Two types of representative vehicles, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) from University of South Florida, are discussed. Two individual modular sensor packages designed and tested for these platforms and field measurement results are also presented. The bottom classification and albedo package, BCAP, provides fast and accurate estimates of bottom albedos, along with other parameters such as in-water remote sensing reflectance. The real-time ocean bottom optical topographer, ROBOT, reveals high-resolution 3-dimentional bottom topography for target identification. Field data and results from recent Coastal Benthic Optical Properties field campaign, 1999 and 2000, are presented. Advantages and limitations of these vehicles and applications of modular sensor packages are compared and discussed.

D-S Evidence Theory Based Trust Ant Colony Routing in WSN

This paper proposes a trust ant colony routing algorithm by introducing a node trust evaluation model based on the D-S evidence theory into the ant colony routing protocol to improve the security of wireless sensor networks. To reduce the influence of conflict evidences caused by malicious nods, the consistent intensity is introduced to preprocess conflict evidences before using the D-S combination rule to improve the reliability of the D-S based trust evaluation. The nodes with high trust values will be selected as the routing nodes to insure the routing security, and the trust values are used as heuristic functions of the ant colony routing algorithm. The simulation tests are conducted by using the network simulator NS2 to observe the outcomes of performance metrics of packets loss rate and average end-to-end delay etc. to indirectly evaluate the security issue under the attack of inside malicious nodes. The simulation results show that the proposed trust routing algorithm can efficiently resist malicious attacks in terms of keeping performances of the average end-to-end delay, the throughtput and the routing packet overhead under attacking from malicious nodes.

3DT-PP:localization and path planning of mobile anchors over complex 3D terrains

Mobile anchors are widely used for localization in WSNs.However,special properties over 3D terrains limit the implementation of them.In this paper,a novel 3D localization algorithm is proposed,called 3 DT-PP,which utilizes path planning of mobile anchors over complex 3 D terrains,and simulations based upon the model of mountain surface network are conducted.The simulation results show that the algorithm decreases the position error by about 91%,8.7%and lowers calculation overhead by about 75%,1.3%,than the typical state-of-the-art localization algorithm(i.e.,'MDS-MAP','Landscape-3D').Thus,our algorithm is more potential in practical WSNs which are the characteristic of limited energy and 3D deployment.

Ground characterization and roof mapping: Online sensor signal-based change detection

Measurement while drilling systems are becoming an important part of excavation operations for rock characterization and ground support design that require reliable information on rock strength and location ＆ frequency of joints or voids. This paper focuses on improving rock characterization algorithms for instrumented roof-boRer systems. For this purpose, an improved void detection algorithm is proposed, where the underlying theory is built upon the concept of mean change detection based on the feed pressure signals. In addition, the application of acoustic sensing for void detection is examined and it is shown that the variance of the filtered acoustic signal is correlated to the strength of the material being drilled. The proposed algorithm has been validated on the data collected from full-scale drilling tests in various concrete and rock samples at the J. H. Fletcher facility.

A wireless magnetic sensor for localizing in-vivo medical micro-devices

In order to measure the position and orientation of in-vivo medical micro-devices without the line-of- sight constraints, a wireless magnetic sensor is developed for an electromagnetic localization method. In the electromagnetic localization system, the wireless magnetic sensor is embedded in the micro-devices to measure alternating magnetic signals. The wireless magnetic sensor is composed of an induction coil, a signal processor, a radio frequency （R.F） transmitter, a power manager and batteries. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, the induction coil converts the alternating magnetic signals into electrical signals. Via the RF transmitter, the useful data am wirelessly sent outside the body. According to the relation between the magnetic signals and the location, the position and orientation of the micro-devices can be calculated. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of localizing in-vivo medical micro-devices with the wireless magnetic sensor. The novel localization system is accurate and robust.

An improved multidirectional velocity model for micro-seismic monitoring in rock engineering

An improved multidirectional velocity model was proposed for more accurately locating micro-seismic events in rock engineering. It was assumed that the stress wave propagation velocities from a micro-seismic source to three nearest monitoring sensors in a sensor's array arrangement were the same. Since the defined objective function does not require pre-measurement of the stress wave propagation velocity in the field, errors from the velocity measurement can be avoided in comparison to three traditional velocity models. By analyzing 24 different cases, the proposed multidirectional velocity model iterated by the Simplex method is found to be the best option no matter the source is within the region of the sensor's array or not. The proposed model and the adopted iterative algorithm are verified by field data and it is concluded that it can significantly reduce the error of the estimated source location.

AIRCRAFT MOTION PARAMETER ESTIMATION VIA MULTIPATH TIME-DELAY USING A SINGLE GROUND-BASED PASSIVE ACOUSTIC SENSOR

The time-frequency analysis of the signal acquired by a single ground-based microphone shows a two-dimensional interference pattern in the time-frequency plane,which is caused by the time delay of the received signal emitted from a low flying aircraft via the direct path and the ground-re-flected path. A model is developed for estimating the motion parameters of an aircraft flying along a straight line at a constant height and with a constant speed. Monte Carlo simulation results and ex-perimental results are presented to validate the model,and an error analysis of the model is presented to verify the effectiveness of the estimation scheme advocated.

Energy optimal routing for long chain-type wireless sensor networks in underground mines

Wireless sensor networks are useful complements to existing monitoring systems in underground mines. They play an important role of enhancing and improving coverage and flexibility of safety monitoring systems.Regions prone to danger and environments after disasters in underground mines require saving and balancing energy consumption of nodes to prolong the lifespan of networks.Based on the structure of a tunnel,we present a Long Chain-type Wireless Sensor Network（LC-WSN）to monitor the safety of underground mine tunnels.We define the optimal transmission distance and the range of the key region and present an Energy Optimal Routing（EOR）algorithm for LC-WSN to balance the energy consumption of nodes and maximize the lifespan of networks.EOR constructs routing paths based on an optimal transmission distance and uses an energy balancing strategy in the key region.Simulation results show that the EOR algorithm extends the lifespan of a network,balances the energy consumption of nodes in the key region and effectively limits the length of routing paths,compared with similar algorithms.

Advanced Irrigation Engineering： Precision and Precise

Irrigation advances in precision irrigation （PI） or site specific irrigation （SSI） have been considerable in research; however, commercialization lags. SSI/PI has applications when soil texture variability affects soil water holding capacity or when crop yield or biotic stresses （insects or diseases） are spatially variable. SSI/PI uses variable rate application technologies, mainly with center-pivots or lateral-move or linear irrigation machines, to match crop needs or soil water holding constraints. Variable rate applications are achieved by variable nozzle flow rates, pulsing nozzle flows, or multiple nozzles on separate submains. Newer center pivot and linear machines are controlled by on-board microprocessor systems that can be integrated with supervisory control and data acquisition controllers for both communication and control of the variable rate application for specific sets of nozzles or individual nozzles for management zones. Communication for center pivot or linear controllers typically uses radio telemetry, wireless interact links, or cellular telephones. Precision irrigation has limited utility without precise irrigation scheduling （temporally and spatially）. Plant or soil sensors are used to initiate or complete an irrigation event. Automated weather stations provide site information for determining the irrigation requirement using crop models or simpler reference evapotranspiration （ET）, data to be used with crop coefficients. Remote sensing is being used to measure crop water status or crop development from spectral reflectance. Near-surface remote sensing with sensors mounted on moving irrigation systems provide critical spatial integration from point weather networks and feedback on crop ET and irrigation controls in advanced automated systems for SSI/PI.