The Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System atmospheric component model(FGOALS-f3-L)participated in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project,but its reproducibility of surf...The Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System atmospheric component model(FGOALS-f3-L)participated in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project,but its reproducibility of surface temperature(T_(s))over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)as a key climatically sensitive region remains unclear.This study evaluates the capability of FGOALS-f3-L in reproducing the climatological T_(s)over the TP relative to the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis.The results show that FGOALS-f3-L can reasonably capture the spatial pattern of T_(s)but underestimates the annual mean T_(s)for the whole TP.The simulated T_(s)for the whole TP shows a cold bias in winter and spring and a warm bias in summer and autumn.Further quantitative analysis based on the surface energy budget equation shows that the surface albedo feedback(SAF)term strongly contributes to the annual,winter,and spring mean cold bias in the western TP and to the warm bias in the eastern TP.Compared with the SAF term,the surface sensible and latent heat flux terms make nearly opposite contributions to the T_(s)bias and considerably offset the bias due to the SAF term.The cloud radiative forcing term strongly contributes to the annual and seasonal mean weak cold bias in the eastern TP.The longwave radiation term associated with the overestimated water vapor content accounts for a large portion of the warm bias over the whole TP in summer and autumn.Improving land surface and cloud processes in FGOALS-f3-L is critical to reduce the T_(s)bias over the TP.展开更多
Total Cloud Cover （TCC） over China deter- mined from four climate datasets including the Interna- tional Satellite Cloud Climatology Project （ISCCP）, the 40-year Re-Analysis Project of the European Centre for Medi...Total Cloud Cover （TCC） over China deter- mined from four climate datasets including the Interna- tional Satellite Cloud Climatology Project （ISCCP）, the 40-year Re-Analysis Project of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ERA-40）, Climate Research Unit Time Series 3.0 （CRU3）, and ground sta- tion datasets are used to show spatial and temporal varia- tion of TCC and their differences. It is demonstrated that the four datasets show similar spatial pattern and seasonal variation. The maximum value is derived from ISCCE TCC value in North China derived from ERA-40 is 50% larger than that from the station dataset; however, the value is 50% less than that in South China. The annual TCC of ISCCP, ERA-40, and ground station datasets shows a decreasing trend during 1984-2002; however, an increasing trend is derived from CRU3. The results of this study imply remarkable differences of TCC derived from surface and satellite observations as well as model simu- lations. The potential effects of these differences on cloud climatology and associated climatic issues should be carefully considered.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore the causes of phosphorus(P)efficiency of rice in Yunnan Province,and to provide strategy for ecological and environmental protection.[Method]Using 703 accessions of secondary core ...[Objective] The paper was to explore the causes of phosphorus(P)efficiency of rice in Yunnan Province,and to provide strategy for ecological and environmental protection.[Method]Using 703 accessions of secondary core collections from 16 prefectures of five regions in Yunnan Province,two treatments of low available P(6.26mg/kg)versus normal P(available P 40mg/kg),and invalid P(available P 0.02 mg/kg)versus normal P(available P 70 mg/kg)were set,and zonal characteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P of rice landraces were investigated.[Result] Phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils from rice landraces of Yunnan Province had the similar identification indexes,viz.the relative indexes of four traits(tillering ability or effective panicle,root weight,biomass,and straw weight)could be the screening indexes of gene type of secondary core collection with phosphorus efficiency,which also reflected the zonal characteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of 16 prefectures among five regions.On the contrary,the relative panicle length,node length under panicle,leaf length,leaf width and plant height could only be the assistant indexes of identification for phosphorus efficiency.There were similar zonal characteristics between phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of rice landraces in Yunnan Province.[Conclusion] The study had great importance to the conservation and utilization of biological diversity,which would make contribution to second green revolution of "less input,multiple output,promote health,and protect the environment".展开更多
A case of hailstorm process occurring on 24 June 2006 in northwestern China was studied using satellite retrieval methodology. The particle effective radius (re) in the cloud tops was calculated by the reflectance in ...A case of hailstorm process occurring on 24 June 2006 in northwestern China was studied using satellite retrieval methodology. The particle effective radius (re) in the cloud tops was calculated by the reflectance in the 3.7 μm channel, and cloud-top microphysical properties were vividly represented using the RGB visual multispectral classification scheme. The microphysical zones of clouds and the processes of hail formation and develop-ment are inferred using the relations of cloud-top temperature (T) versus re for the tops of convective clouds. The results show that particle effective radius was smaller near the cloud base of hailstorm. There was a deep zone of diffusional droplet growth at the low level where the particles grew slowly with height, and there existed an evident area of small ice particles in the cloud top, suggesting the existence of a strong updraft in the clouds. The low glaciated temperature indicated a great depth from the cloud base to the glaciation height, which provided a deep layer of supercooled water for hail growth.展开更多
Jinman vein copper deposit in western Yunnan occurs in a salt-bearing red clastic rock formation composed of sandstone, siltstone and shale. Wood texture is considerably developed in the ores. The metallic minerals ma...Jinman vein copper deposit in western Yunnan occurs in a salt-bearing red clastic rock formation composed of sandstone, siltstone and shale. Wood texture is considerably developed in the ores. The metallic minerals making up the wood textures mainly include pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite. Studies on the samples and examination of their micrographs and electron micrographs have confirmed that they belong to xenoxylon, reflecting that the ore-hosting rock series is the product of sedimentation in the terrestrial environment. Organic geochemistry and sulfur and carbon isotopic composition data indicate that the formation of the deposit is substantially related with underground hot brines and biological processes.展开更多
An M6.5 earthquake occurred on August 3rd, 2014 in Ludian of Yunnan Province in China, causing severe casualty and economic loss. Local broadband waveform inversion with the CAP method demonstrates that the earthquake...An M6.5 earthquake occurred on August 3rd, 2014 in Ludian of Yunnan Province in China, causing severe casualty and economic loss. Local broadband waveform inversion with the CAP method demonstrates that the earthquake is a strike-slip event, with the strike along 70° and 160° for the two nodal planes respectively. However, the geological structure in the epicentral region is complicated with abundant active faults, and it is challenging to identify the seismogenic fault with the focal plane solutions due to nodal-plane ambiguity. We resolved the rupture directivity by measuring the difference between centroid location and hypocenter of the Ludian earthquake with the time shift from CAP inversion, and found that the nodal plane with the strike of 160° is the ruptured fault plane. Moreover, the rupture is found to propagate from northwest to southeast.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2018YFC1505706]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 91937302,91737306,41975109]the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA17010105]。
文摘The Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System atmospheric component model(FGOALS-f3-L)participated in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project,but its reproducibility of surface temperature(T_(s))over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)as a key climatically sensitive region remains unclear.This study evaluates the capability of FGOALS-f3-L in reproducing the climatological T_(s)over the TP relative to the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis.The results show that FGOALS-f3-L can reasonably capture the spatial pattern of T_(s)but underestimates the annual mean T_(s)for the whole TP.The simulated T_(s)for the whole TP shows a cold bias in winter and spring and a warm bias in summer and autumn.Further quantitative analysis based on the surface energy budget equation shows that the surface albedo feedback(SAF)term strongly contributes to the annual,winter,and spring mean cold bias in the western TP and to the warm bias in the eastern TP.Compared with the SAF term,the surface sensible and latent heat flux terms make nearly opposite contributions to the T_(s)bias and considerably offset the bias due to the SAF term.The cloud radiative forcing term strongly contributes to the annual and seasonal mean weak cold bias in the eastern TP.The longwave radiation term associated with the overestimated water vapor content accounts for a large portion of the warm bias over the whole TP in summer and autumn.Improving land surface and cloud processes in FGOALS-f3-L is critical to reduce the T_(s)bias over the TP.
基金supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05100300)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB955801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41175030)
文摘Total Cloud Cover （TCC） over China deter- mined from four climate datasets including the Interna- tional Satellite Cloud Climatology Project （ISCCP）, the 40-year Re-Analysis Project of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ERA-40）, Climate Research Unit Time Series 3.0 （CRU3）, and ground sta- tion datasets are used to show spatial and temporal varia- tion of TCC and their differences. It is demonstrated that the four datasets show similar spatial pattern and seasonal variation. The maximum value is derived from ISCCE TCC value in North China derived from ERA-40 is 50% larger than that from the station dataset; however, the value is 50% less than that in South China. The annual TCC of ISCCP, ERA-40, and ground station datasets shows a decreasing trend during 1984-2002; however, an increasing trend is derived from CRU3. The results of this study imply remarkable differences of TCC derived from surface and satellite observations as well as model simu- lations. The potential effects of these differences on cloud climatology and associated climatic issues should be carefully considered.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31060186)Exploitue of Emphases New Production from Yunnan Provincial Scientific and Technology Department(2010BB001)Kunming Scientific and Technology Bureau(Kunkejizi10N060204)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore the causes of phosphorus(P)efficiency of rice in Yunnan Province,and to provide strategy for ecological and environmental protection.[Method]Using 703 accessions of secondary core collections from 16 prefectures of five regions in Yunnan Province,two treatments of low available P(6.26mg/kg)versus normal P(available P 40mg/kg),and invalid P(available P 0.02 mg/kg)versus normal P(available P 70 mg/kg)were set,and zonal characteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P of rice landraces were investigated.[Result] Phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils from rice landraces of Yunnan Province had the similar identification indexes,viz.the relative indexes of four traits(tillering ability or effective panicle,root weight,biomass,and straw weight)could be the screening indexes of gene type of secondary core collection with phosphorus efficiency,which also reflected the zonal characteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of 16 prefectures among five regions.On the contrary,the relative panicle length,node length under panicle,leaf length,leaf width and plant height could only be the assistant indexes of identification for phosphorus efficiency.There were similar zonal characteristics between phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of rice landraces in Yunnan Province.[Conclusion] The study had great importance to the conservation and utilization of biological diversity,which would make contribution to second green revolution of "less input,multiple output,promote health,and protect the environment".
基金supported jointly by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant 2005DIB3J099)Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (Grant 2007D11)
文摘A case of hailstorm process occurring on 24 June 2006 in northwestern China was studied using satellite retrieval methodology. The particle effective radius (re) in the cloud tops was calculated by the reflectance in the 3.7 μm channel, and cloud-top microphysical properties were vividly represented using the RGB visual multispectral classification scheme. The microphysical zones of clouds and the processes of hail formation and develop-ment are inferred using the relations of cloud-top temperature (T) versus re for the tops of convective clouds. The results show that particle effective radius was smaller near the cloud base of hailstorm. There was a deep zone of diffusional droplet growth at the low level where the particles grew slowly with height, and there existed an evident area of small ice particles in the cloud top, suggesting the existence of a strong updraft in the clouds. The low glaciated temperature indicated a great depth from the cloud base to the glaciation height, which provided a deep layer of supercooled water for hail growth.
基金the Major Basic Research Program of the People's Republic of China(Grant No. G1999043208), by the "One Hundred Personnel Program" Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, by "Breakthroughs in Intellect" Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZ
文摘Jinman vein copper deposit in western Yunnan occurs in a salt-bearing red clastic rock formation composed of sandstone, siltstone and shale. Wood texture is considerably developed in the ores. The metallic minerals making up the wood textures mainly include pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite. Studies on the samples and examination of their micrographs and electron micrographs have confirmed that they belong to xenoxylon, reflecting that the ore-hosting rock series is the product of sedimentation in the terrestrial environment. Organic geochemistry and sulfur and carbon isotopic composition data indicate that the formation of the deposit is substantially related with underground hot brines and biological processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41274069)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB845901)
文摘An M6.5 earthquake occurred on August 3rd, 2014 in Ludian of Yunnan Province in China, causing severe casualty and economic loss. Local broadband waveform inversion with the CAP method demonstrates that the earthquake is a strike-slip event, with the strike along 70° and 160° for the two nodal planes respectively. However, the geological structure in the epicentral region is complicated with abundant active faults, and it is challenging to identify the seismogenic fault with the focal plane solutions due to nodal-plane ambiguity. We resolved the rupture directivity by measuring the difference between centroid location and hypocenter of the Ludian earthquake with the time shift from CAP inversion, and found that the nodal plane with the strike of 160° is the ruptured fault plane. Moreover, the rupture is found to propagate from northwest to southeast.
