论课程知识的地方性质

课程中的知识看起来是公共的、普遍的,但就其发生、表达与学习过程来看,具有浓郁的地方性质。坚持课程知识的地方性质,有利于保持普遍性与地方性知识间合理的张力,启迪学生的文化自觉,维护文化安全。在课程实践中,要树立课程知识具有地方性质的意识,明晰地方性知识进入课程的过程,并坚持五个方面的认识,教师要担当起具体实践的责任。

地方司法解释性质文件的实证分析与理论探讨

地方司法解释性质文件因不具备正当性而被最高人民法院明令禁止,但由于立法粗糙、司法行政化等现实情况没有根本改变,审判实践对该类文件的需求仍然很大。因此,对于此类文件的规制,不能仅仅是强制禁止,而应该在满足审判工作需要的前提下,对已有的地方司法解释性质文件进行清理、整合,将其中的裁判智慧转化为最高人民法院的司法解释,否则只会使得地方司法解释性质文件从基本公开转变为基本不公开,甚至变成危害更大的司法潜规则。

Highlighting display of geologic bodies based on directivity filtering

To make a geologic body more outstanding, it is necessary to preserve edges when filtering. For this reason, a filtering method based on anisotropic diffusion is introduced. The key point of this method is that diffusion filtering will be made along the edge while diffusion is forbidden in the direction perpendicular to the edge, so the filtering has directionality. When doing anisotropic diffusion filtering, parameters like diffusion coefficient and threshold have great impacts on the results, so the anisotropic diffusion model parameters are discussed, the diffusion coefficient equation is introduced, and the diffusion threshold selection criterion is derived and analyzed. In addition, this method was used with the diffusion coefficient equation＇s proper diffusion threshold to highlight the tidal channel geobodies in the XX area, sand body in the YY area, and faults in the ZZ area. The good delineation results prove that the diffusion threshold selection criterion introduced in this paper is reasonable.

Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Organic Carbon and Carbon Management Index in Karst Area

[Objective] The aim was to reveal changes of soil organic matter fraction and their corresponding carbon management indexes as affected by different land use types.[Method]Soil organic carbon,active soil organic carbon and soil carbon management index（CMI）of different land use types in Guilin Maocun karst area were studied.Sampling with field investigation and laboratory testing was carried out.Heavy potassium chromate method was adopted to determine soil organic matter.333 mmol/L KMnO4 oxidation method was used to determine active organic carbon.[Result]With active soil organic matter increasing,the differences of CMI between different land use types were bigger.The CMI value of different land uses was shrubforest paddy fielddry farmland.The statistical analysis showed that labile organic matter was related with major soil properties at a significant level.[Conclusion]Labile organic matter could be used to reveal the influence of different land use types on soil organic matter and carbon management index in karst area.

Phylogeography and Characteristics of Phosphorus Efficiency of Secondary Core Collection for Rice Landraces in Yunnan Province

[Objective] The paper was to explore the causes of phosphorus(P)efficiency of rice in Yunnan Province,and to provide strategy for ecological and environmental protection.[Method]Using 703 accessions of secondary core collections from 16 prefectures of five regions in Yunnan Province,two treatments of low available P(6.26mg/kg)versus normal P(available P 40mg/kg),and invalid P(available P 0.02 mg/kg)versus normal P(available P 70 mg/kg)were set,and zonal characteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P of rice landraces were investigated.[Result] Phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils from rice landraces of Yunnan Province had the similar identification indexes,viz.the relative indexes of four traits(tillering ability or effective panicle,root weight,biomass,and straw weight)could be the screening indexes of gene type of secondary core collection with phosphorus efficiency,which also reflected the zonal characteristics of phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of 16 prefectures among five regions.On the contrary,the relative panicle length,node length under panicle,leaf length,leaf width and plant height could only be the assistant indexes of identification for phosphorus efficiency.There were similar zonal characteristics between phosphorus efficiency and the activation characteristics of invalid P in soils of rice landraces in Yunnan Province.[Conclusion] The study had great importance to the conservation and utilization of biological diversity,which would make contribution to second green revolution of "less input,multiple output,promote health,and protect the environment".

Zonal disintegration mechanism of isotropic rock masses around a deep spherical tunnel

In order to investigate zonal disintegration mechanism of isotropic rock masses around a deep spherical tunnel, a new mechanical model subjected to dynamic unloading under hydrostatic pressure condition is proposed. The total elastic stress-field distributions is determined using the elastodynamic equation. The effects of unloading rate and dynamic mechanical parameters of isotropic deep rock masses on the zonal disintegration phenomenon of the surrounding rock masses around a deep spherical tunnel as well as the total elastic stress field distributions are considered. The number and size of fractured and non-fractured zones are determined by using the Hoek-Brown criterion. Numerical computation is carried out. It is found from numerical results that the number of fractured zones increases with increasing the disturbance coefficient, in-situ stress, unloading time and unloading rate, and it decreases with increasing parameter geological strength index, the strength parameter and the uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock.

“地方释法”的现实困境与出路探究

随着统一法律适用标准成为全面依法治国的重要尺度,地方司法机关能否同案同判受到广泛关注。然而在这一背景下,各地司法机关发布对具体应用法律的解释,影响了法律的统一适用,加重了司法的地方化。“地方释法”为中央立法和司法解释性质文件所禁止,不断颁布的地方司法解释性质文件自身也存在主体越权、内容违法、程序简化的问题,由此产生合法性困境。同时对地方司法解释性质文件进行定位和分类,重点讨论了困境背后存在的深层原因,包括全国人大及其常委会立法权的限缩、现有司法解释与实践需求的冲突、法官释法与责任制之间的矛盾等。在此基础上提出了合法性困境的解决出路,包括限制地方司法解释权、建立地方示范案例库、实现多方监督权等。

Combined back-analysis method of ground stress based on refined geological modeling

A new back-analysis method of ground stress is proposed with comprehensive consideration of influence of topography, geology and nonlinear physical mechanical properties of rock on ground stress. This method based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) technology provides the means to build a refined three-dimensional finite element model with more accurate meshing under complex terrain and geological conditions. Meanwhile, this method is a back-analysis of ground stress with combination of multivariable linear regression model and neural network (ANN) model. Firstly, the regression model is used to fit approximately boundary loads. Regarding the regressed loads as mean value, some sets of boundary loads with the same interval are constructed according to the principle of orthogonal design, to calculate the corresponding ground stress at the observation positions using finite element method. The results (boundary loads and the corresponding ground stress) are added to the samples for ANN training. And on this basis, an ANN model is established to implement higher precise back-analysis of initial ground stress. A practical application case shows that the relative error between the inversed ground stress and observed value is mostly less than 10 %, which can meet the need of engineering design and construction requirements.

中共中央关于同意先成立内蒙自治运动联合会的复电(一九四五年十一月十日)

中共中央关于同意先成立内蒙自治运动联合会的复电（一九四五年十一月十日）晋察冀中央局并告晋绥分局贺李：酉感戌齐电悉。关于内蒙工作，同意你们先成立内蒙自治运动联合会，宣布纲领，发动广大蒙民，准备将来建立内蒙自治政府的方针。目前在各省区内之蒙民可成立地方性...

人武部应注意摆正位置

1996年前的10年中,人武部属地方性质,在地方党委的管辖统一安排部署下工作。1996年开始人武部收归部队序列编制,以分区领导安排部署工作为主。然而,到目前还有不少的人武部没有真正认清收归后的人武部的性质、地位、作用,与地方政府的关系,没有摆正人武部的位置。长此以往,

Comparative evaluation of geological disaster susceptibility using multi-regression methods and spatial accuracy validation

Geological disasters not only cause economic losses and ecological destruction, but also seriously threaten human survival. Selecting an appropriate method to evaluate susceptibility to geological disasters is an important part of geological disaster research. The aims of this study are to explore the accuracy and reliability of multi-regression methods for geological disaster susceptibility evaluation, including Logistic Regression(LR), Spatial Autoregression(SAR), Geographical Weighted Regression(GWR), and Support Vector Regression(SVR), all of which have been widely discussed in the literature. In this study, we selected Yunnan Province of China as the research site and collected data on typical geological disaster events and the associated hazards that occurred within the study area to construct a corresponding index system for geological disaster assessment. Four methods were used to model and evaluate geological disaster susceptibility. The predictive capabilities of the methods were verified using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and the success rate curve. Lastly, spatial accuracy validation was introduced to improve the results of the evaluation, which was demonstrated by the spatial receiver operating characteristic(SROC) curve and the spatial success rate(SSR) curve. The results suggest that: 1) these methods are all valid with respect to the SROC and SSR curves, and the spatial accuracy validation method improved their modelling results and accuracy, such that the area under the curve(AUC) values of the ROC curves increased by about 3%–13% and the AUC of the success rate curve values increased by 15%–20%; 2) the evaluation accuracies of LR, SAR, GWR, and SVR were 0.8325, 0.8393, 0.8370 and 0.8539, which proved the four statistical regression methods all have good evaluation capability for geological disaster susceptibility evaluation and the evaluation results of SVR are more reasonable than others; 3) according to the evaluation results of SVR, the central-southern Yunnan Province are the highest sus-ceptibility areas and the lowest susceptibility is mainly located in the central and northern parts of the study area.

Platinum-group element geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from the North China Craton: Implications for mantle heterogeneity

Forty-two Cenozoic （mostly Miocene） basalt samples from Jining, Chifeng, Fansi, Xiyang, and Zuoquan areas of the North China Craton （the NCC basalts hereafter） were analyzed for platinum-group elements （PGE, including Os, It, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd）. Most of them are alkaline basalts and tholeiites and all of them display little crustal contamination. The total PGE contents of the NCC basalts vary from 0.1 to 0.9 ppb, much lower than those of the primitive mantle values of 23.5 ppb. Primitive man- tie-normalized PGE patterns of these basalts define positive slopes and Pd/Ir ratios vary from 1.2 to 25. In terms of both PGE contents and Pd/Ir ratios, they are quite similar to the mid-ocean ridge basalts. There are no obvious negative correlations be- tween PGE vs. MgO, Ni, and Cu in the NCC basalts, indicating that fractional crystallization of olivine, pyroxene, and/or sul- fides during magmatic process cannot be the controlling factor for the observed PGE variation. The observed Pd/Ir variations of the NCC basalts require involvement of non-chondritic heterogeneous mantle sources. Based on Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic sys- tematics and incompatible-element signatures, a mixing of partial melts from both asthenospheric peridotites and enclosed mantle eclogites at the top of asthenosphere was proposed for the origin of these NCC basalts. The lenses of eclogites are de- rived from upwelling of recycled continental crust during the westward subduction of the Pacific plate from the -600 km dis- continuity zone. The PGE geochemistry of these basalts provides independent evidence to support this conclusion and the ob- served Pd/Ir variations may reflect variations in proportions of tapped peridotitic and eclogitic melts.