A participatory breeding on Arabica coffee involving farmers and plant breeders to select superior local varieties has been conducted at Lintong highland （North Sumatra）, Gayo highland （Central Aceh, Northern Suma...A participatory breeding on Arabica coffee involving farmers and plant breeders to select superior local varieties has been conducted at Lintong highland （North Sumatra）, Gayo highland （Central Aceh, Northern Sumatra） and Kendenan Plateau （Enrekang, South Sulawesi）. The aim of using this method was to find out superior varieties of Arabica coffee having appropriate specific traits and adaptable to such locations and accelerating the process of variety adoption by local farmers. Selection process was initiated by the farmer（s） based on high yielding performance by using their native experiences. The next step was conducted by plant breeder in collaboration with coffee farmers and other relevant scientists to evaluate more detail of cup quality, resistance to leaf rust and/or parasitic nematode as well as yielding potential and agronomic traits at different farmer＇s sites for several years observations. Research finding showed that three selected varieties namely Sigarar Utang, Gayo 1 and Gayo 2 had already been released by Minister of Agriculture for commercial planting at North Sumatera and Gayo highland. They performed excellent cup profile with high yielding ability （more than 1 t/ha） and tolerant to leaf rust disease. Therefore, it could support origin specialty coffee product at Gayo and Lintong highlands. However, observation over of selected local variety at Kendenan Plateau namely Salongge variety performed lower yielding ability （below 1 t/ha） and less stable yield over years as well as more heterogenous population in their offsprings than that of existing released varieties planted at the same location. Therefore, it could not be released as local varieties which adapted to specific location.展开更多
Turkey is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world with endemic plants. Approximately one third of its flora is endemic. The Muscari muscarimi which belongs to the Liliaceae family is one of its most...Turkey is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world with endemic plants. Approximately one third of its flora is endemic. The Muscari muscarimi which belongs to the Liliaceae family is one of its most prominent endemic geophyte plants which originates in southwestern of Turkey where it is found in rocky places like Ermenek, Ba？yayla （Büyükkarap？nar village）, Sar？veliler. This species is the most sweetly scented member of the Liliaceae family, having something of the musk scent. Also, this plant locally is used in traditional medicine as antirheumatic, stomachic, diuretic and expectorant. In addition to this, it has also been used as food for humans and animals, ornamental plants in gardens. Morphologically, it has 3-6 linear-lanceolate, grayish-green leaves per plant and bulbs of 2-4 cm in diameter with thick fleshy perennial roots which delve down into the rocky ground of their natural habitats. The chemical is composed of polysaccharides, homoisoflavanons, glycosides etc. Main components of M. muscarimi were identified as （E）-β-ocimene （t-36%）, methyl salicylate （1-21%）, E-methyl isoeugenol （4-22%） and benzyl benzoate （7-56%）. The picking up of the plant bulbs from their natural habitats is prohibited, in accordance with international agreements for the protection of endangered geophytes. The overly habitat destruction in native growing area threatened the existence of the species categories. It is known that in vitro bulblet production in Muscari muscarimi is low. This is difficult for its cultivation in native Ermenek area districts. Recent works show that the culturing immature Musari muscarimi embryos on different growth media could be considered as a useful method for in vitro propagation. As a result, the geophytes, such as M. muscarimi, are eligible widely for perfume production and in the pharmaceutical industry as well as for ornamental flowers. Because of this plant economic importance, bulbs growing and cultivation in their natural habitats could be discussed in this study.展开更多
Water is scarce in Palestine and water saving is becoming very important issue. Water management is one of the promising solutions to save water. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of two types of irriga...Water is scarce in Palestine and water saving is becoming very important issue. Water management is one of the promising solutions to save water. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of two types of irrigation regimes on water consumption, yield and growth parameters of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） under open field conditions. Cucumbers were grown on a silty-clay soil in Palestinian local conditions. The irrigation regimes used were farmer based irrigation （FI） and tensiometer based irrigation （TI）. The results showed that there were no significant difference in crop yield between FI （3.5 kg/plant） and TI （3.4 kg/plant）. Dry matter was 14.7% less in TI treatment than that in FI treatment, while water saving was 35.7% in TI treatment. Thus, proper use of tensiometer could be utilized for a better use and management of water resource. Selection of proper water potential set-points according to the cultivation season is crucial for satisfactory results.展开更多
文摘A participatory breeding on Arabica coffee involving farmers and plant breeders to select superior local varieties has been conducted at Lintong highland （North Sumatra）, Gayo highland （Central Aceh, Northern Sumatra） and Kendenan Plateau （Enrekang, South Sulawesi）. The aim of using this method was to find out superior varieties of Arabica coffee having appropriate specific traits and adaptable to such locations and accelerating the process of variety adoption by local farmers. Selection process was initiated by the farmer（s） based on high yielding performance by using their native experiences. The next step was conducted by plant breeder in collaboration with coffee farmers and other relevant scientists to evaluate more detail of cup quality, resistance to leaf rust and/or parasitic nematode as well as yielding potential and agronomic traits at different farmer＇s sites for several years observations. Research finding showed that three selected varieties namely Sigarar Utang, Gayo 1 and Gayo 2 had already been released by Minister of Agriculture for commercial planting at North Sumatera and Gayo highland. They performed excellent cup profile with high yielding ability （more than 1 t/ha） and tolerant to leaf rust disease. Therefore, it could support origin specialty coffee product at Gayo and Lintong highlands. However, observation over of selected local variety at Kendenan Plateau namely Salongge variety performed lower yielding ability （below 1 t/ha） and less stable yield over years as well as more heterogenous population in their offsprings than that of existing released varieties planted at the same location. Therefore, it could not be released as local varieties which adapted to specific location.
文摘Turkey is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world with endemic plants. Approximately one third of its flora is endemic. The Muscari muscarimi which belongs to the Liliaceae family is one of its most prominent endemic geophyte plants which originates in southwestern of Turkey where it is found in rocky places like Ermenek, Ba？yayla （Büyükkarap？nar village）, Sar？veliler. This species is the most sweetly scented member of the Liliaceae family, having something of the musk scent. Also, this plant locally is used in traditional medicine as antirheumatic, stomachic, diuretic and expectorant. In addition to this, it has also been used as food for humans and animals, ornamental plants in gardens. Morphologically, it has 3-6 linear-lanceolate, grayish-green leaves per plant and bulbs of 2-4 cm in diameter with thick fleshy perennial roots which delve down into the rocky ground of their natural habitats. The chemical is composed of polysaccharides, homoisoflavanons, glycosides etc. Main components of M. muscarimi were identified as （E）-β-ocimene （t-36%）, methyl salicylate （1-21%）, E-methyl isoeugenol （4-22%） and benzyl benzoate （7-56%）. The picking up of the plant bulbs from their natural habitats is prohibited, in accordance with international agreements for the protection of endangered geophytes. The overly habitat destruction in native growing area threatened the existence of the species categories. It is known that in vitro bulblet production in Muscari muscarimi is low. This is difficult for its cultivation in native Ermenek area districts. Recent works show that the culturing immature Musari muscarimi embryos on different growth media could be considered as a useful method for in vitro propagation. As a result, the geophytes, such as M. muscarimi, are eligible widely for perfume production and in the pharmaceutical industry as well as for ornamental flowers. Because of this plant economic importance, bulbs growing and cultivation in their natural habitats could be discussed in this study.
文摘Water is scarce in Palestine and water saving is becoming very important issue. Water management is one of the promising solutions to save water. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of two types of irrigation regimes on water consumption, yield and growth parameters of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） under open field conditions. Cucumbers were grown on a silty-clay soil in Palestinian local conditions. The irrigation regimes used were farmer based irrigation （FI） and tensiometer based irrigation （TI）. The results showed that there were no significant difference in crop yield between FI （3.5 kg/plant） and TI （3.4 kg/plant）. Dry matter was 14.7% less in TI treatment than that in FI treatment, while water saving was 35.7% in TI treatment. Thus, proper use of tensiometer could be utilized for a better use and management of water resource. Selection of proper water potential set-points according to the cultivation season is crucial for satisfactory results.
