[Objective] The study aimed to explore the degradation law and trend of artificial grassland. [Method] Taking the ryegrass （Lolium perenne） - white clover （ Trifolium repens） artificial grassland in Maiping Townsh...[Objective] The study aimed to explore the degradation law and trend of artificial grassland. [Method] Taking the ryegrass （Lolium perenne） - white clover （ Trifolium repens） artificial grassland in Maiping Township, Guizhou Province as the research object, the grassland vegetation of 40 quadrate from different areas （area around the sheep shed, hilltop, hillside, flatland at the foot of the hill） were analyzed by comparing the dominance and richness index. [ Result] Degradation of different degrees appeared in various areas of this artificial grassland. To be specific, the degradation of grassland around the sheep shed was not serious for less consumption by the sheep; however, the areas on the hilltop and hillside degenerated to the grassland types of dallis grass （ Paspalum dilatatum Poir. ） -Indian lovegrass （ Eragrostis pilosa） and dallis grass - cogongrass [ Imperata cylindrica （ Linn. ） Beauv. ], respectively, and the area at the foot of the hill degenerated to the grassland type dominated by garland chrysanthetnum （ Chrysanthemum coronarium L. ） and knotgrass （ Paspalum distichum L. ）. [ Conclusion ] This study provided a basis for grassland improvement as well as the efficient and sustainable utilization of grazing-type artificial grassland in South China.展开更多
Land change science （LCS） strives to understand and model land-use change, which will further advance the understanding of multiple issues in the socio-ecological systems. Based on GIS/RS techniques, autologistic mo...Land change science （LCS） strives to understand and model land-use change, which will further advance the understanding of multiple issues in the socio-ecological systems. Based on GIS/RS techniques, autologistic model, and household survey method, this study investigated major land use changes and their causes from 1978 to 2008 in Uxin Banner （county-level）, Inner Mongolia in China and then developed an understanding of the relationships between household livelihood and land-use pattern. Results showed that cultivated land increased from 1988 to 2000, and leveled offafter 2000. Built-up land increased stably for the period 1978 2008. The change of grassland and bare land differed among the three periods. From 1978 to 1988, grassland increased by 23.3%, and bare land decreased by 20.48%. From 1988 to 2000, bare land expanded by 1.7%, but grassland declined by 1.3%. From 2000 to 2008, an increase in grassland area by 1.8% was observed, but a decrease in bare land area by 9.0% was witnessed. The autologistic models performed better than logistic models as indicated by lower Akaike Information Criterion （AIC） values. Factors associated with human activities significantly correlated with the change of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and built-up land. The produce prices and extensive cultivated land use are major issues in the farming area. This study suggests that completing land circulation systems and maintaining the stability of price are effective solutions. By contrast, reclamation and overgrazing are major concerns in the pastoral areas. Implementing environmental policies effectively, transferring population out of rural pastoral areas, and developing modem animal husbandry are effective ways to address these issues.展开更多
On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing...On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing land administration,efficient and intensive housing land use and policy making.This research concludes:1) according to the household survey data,the average area for rural housing land in China is about 235.26 m 2,and the rural housing land mainly includes unused land(42.89%) and house construction land(37.76%) with the average floor-area ratio of 0.42;2) the indexes in the standard concern the factors such as location,landform,house form,household population and cultivated land area per farmer,which all have significant effects on rural housing land use;3) the reasonable area for rural housing land may be 150 m 2 in average before 2020,and the referential standards in different provinces are 120 m 2,130 m 2,140m 2,150 m 2,160 m 2,170 m 2,190 m 2,200 m 2,210 m 2,220 m 2,230 m 2 and 250 m 2 respectively;and 4) if there are less than two persons or more than five persons in a family,these standards need to be decreased or increased by 7%.When the cultivated land area per farmer is lower than the provincial average,the standards have to reduce by 3.5%.展开更多
Packaging has advanced from being preserver of products to being a visible billboard and a silent salesman for products. This has made the manufacturers to keep repackaging their products especially toothpaste. The pa...Packaging has advanced from being preserver of products to being a visible billboard and a silent salesman for products. This has made the manufacturers to keep repackaging their products especially toothpaste. The paper therefore examines perceived influence of the toothpaste repackaging on the purchase predisposition of the residents of Owo Local Government Area using Mymy, Close Up, Macleans and Pepsodent as case study. Survey design was employed for the study while two hundred copies of questionnaire were administered to two hundred respondents who were selected through purposive sampling. The finding revealed that there is significant influence of change in packaging of tooth paste on the consumers＇ purchase predisposition which may invariably lead to purchase of these brands of tooth paste. The study therefore recommends that manufacturers should introduce changes in elements of tooth paste carefully and gradually in order to study the consumers＇ reaction to such change.展开更多
This paper reports some results of geoscientific investigations of the shallow subsurface beneath the Nazca geoglyphs in the stone desert in southern Peru. A resistivity and georadar survey was accompanied by soil sam...This paper reports some results of geoscientific investigations of the shallow subsurface beneath the Nazca geoglyphs in the stone desert in southern Peru. A resistivity and georadar survey was accompanied by soil sampling at a test site in the Palpa district. The resulting images of the two geophysical methods indicate similar structures. Georadar enables a fast and continuous data acquisition but is restricted in its depth of penetration. Despite the dry surface conditions, the electrical method yielded good results in the desert area. The resulting resistivity images for both vertical and horizontal slices provide structural information that might be interpreted in terms of lithology and water content. A promising correlation between sulfate content and electrical resistivity at shallow depth was observed that might be helpful to provide insight into the migration of chemical constituents. The approach to combine geophysical, mineralogical and geochemical methods proves to be successful to extend the knowledge on the weathering processes in the desert soil.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Technology R & D Program(2006BAD16B07) Fund of Science and Technology in Guizhou Province ([2008]2074)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to explore the degradation law and trend of artificial grassland. [Method] Taking the ryegrass （Lolium perenne） - white clover （ Trifolium repens） artificial grassland in Maiping Township, Guizhou Province as the research object, the grassland vegetation of 40 quadrate from different areas （area around the sheep shed, hilltop, hillside, flatland at the foot of the hill） were analyzed by comparing the dominance and richness index. [ Result] Degradation of different degrees appeared in various areas of this artificial grassland. To be specific, the degradation of grassland around the sheep shed was not serious for less consumption by the sheep; however, the areas on the hilltop and hillside degenerated to the grassland types of dallis grass （ Paspalum dilatatum Poir. ） -Indian lovegrass （ Eragrostis pilosa） and dallis grass - cogongrass [ Imperata cylindrica （ Linn. ） Beauv. ], respectively, and the area at the foot of the hill degenerated to the grassland type dominated by garland chrysanthetnum （ Chrysanthemum coronarium L. ） and knotgrass （ Paspalum distichum L. ）. [ Conclusion ] This study provided a basis for grassland improvement as well as the efficient and sustainable utilization of grazing-type artificial grassland in South China.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371097,40871048)
文摘Land change science （LCS） strives to understand and model land-use change, which will further advance the understanding of multiple issues in the socio-ecological systems. Based on GIS/RS techniques, autologistic model, and household survey method, this study investigated major land use changes and their causes from 1978 to 2008 in Uxin Banner （county-level）, Inner Mongolia in China and then developed an understanding of the relationships between household livelihood and land-use pattern. Results showed that cultivated land increased from 1988 to 2000, and leveled offafter 2000. Built-up land increased stably for the period 1978 2008. The change of grassland and bare land differed among the three periods. From 1978 to 1988, grassland increased by 23.3%, and bare land decreased by 20.48%. From 1988 to 2000, bare land expanded by 1.7%, but grassland declined by 1.3%. From 2000 to 2008, an increase in grassland area by 1.8% was observed, but a decrease in bare land area by 9.0% was witnessed. The autologistic models performed better than logistic models as indicated by lower Akaike Information Criterion （AIC） values. Factors associated with human activities significantly correlated with the change of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and built-up land. The produce prices and extensive cultivated land use are major issues in the farming area. This study suggests that completing land circulation systems and maintaining the stability of price are effective solutions. By contrast, reclamation and overgrazing are major concerns in the pastoral areas. Implementing environmental policies effectively, transferring population out of rural pastoral areas, and developing modem animal husbandry are effective ways to address these issues.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41001108,40971107)Beijing MunicipalNatural Science Foundation (No. 9113029)
文摘On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing land administration,efficient and intensive housing land use and policy making.This research concludes:1) according to the household survey data,the average area for rural housing land in China is about 235.26 m 2,and the rural housing land mainly includes unused land(42.89%) and house construction land(37.76%) with the average floor-area ratio of 0.42;2) the indexes in the standard concern the factors such as location,landform,house form,household population and cultivated land area per farmer,which all have significant effects on rural housing land use;3) the reasonable area for rural housing land may be 150 m 2 in average before 2020,and the referential standards in different provinces are 120 m 2,130 m 2,140m 2,150 m 2,160 m 2,170 m 2,190 m 2,200 m 2,210 m 2,220 m 2,230 m 2 and 250 m 2 respectively;and 4) if there are less than two persons or more than five persons in a family,these standards need to be decreased or increased by 7%.When the cultivated land area per farmer is lower than the provincial average,the standards have to reduce by 3.5%.
文摘Packaging has advanced from being preserver of products to being a visible billboard and a silent salesman for products. This has made the manufacturers to keep repackaging their products especially toothpaste. The paper therefore examines perceived influence of the toothpaste repackaging on the purchase predisposition of the residents of Owo Local Government Area using Mymy, Close Up, Macleans and Pepsodent as case study. Survey design was employed for the study while two hundred copies of questionnaire were administered to two hundred respondents who were selected through purposive sampling. The finding revealed that there is significant influence of change in packaging of tooth paste on the consumers＇ purchase predisposition which may invariably lead to purchase of these brands of tooth paste. The study therefore recommends that manufacturers should introduce changes in elements of tooth paste carefully and gradually in order to study the consumers＇ reaction to such change.
文摘This paper reports some results of geoscientific investigations of the shallow subsurface beneath the Nazca geoglyphs in the stone desert in southern Peru. A resistivity and georadar survey was accompanied by soil sampling at a test site in the Palpa district. The resulting images of the two geophysical methods indicate similar structures. Georadar enables a fast and continuous data acquisition but is restricted in its depth of penetration. Despite the dry surface conditions, the electrical method yielded good results in the desert area. The resulting resistivity images for both vertical and horizontal slices provide structural information that might be interpreted in terms of lithology and water content. A promising correlation between sulfate content and electrical resistivity at shallow depth was observed that might be helpful to provide insight into the migration of chemical constituents. The approach to combine geophysical, mineralogical and geochemical methods proves to be successful to extend the knowledge on the weathering processes in the desert soil.
