我国地方马种质资源多样性研究进展

我国马种质资源非常丰富,其中地方马品种占全国马总数的90%以上,且遗传多样性也很丰富。从中国地方马种质资源的类型及多样性研究现状(包括体型外貌、染色体、血液蛋白、DNA的遗传多样性研究等)等方面综述了马的种质资源多样性研究进展,并对今后发展进行了展望。

草原退化背景下地方马优良品种的保护与选育——以内蒙古自治区为例

随着科学技术的快速发展,机械设备的不断发明创造和广泛应用,马的役用价值在我国乃至世界逐年下降,田间作业和物资运输几乎被机械所取代,草原上地方品种马的数量逐年下降,有些品种即将灭绝。因此,做好保种与选育是对优良马种遗传基因的筛选和保留具有重要的意义。该文主要对内蒙古地区地方马品种及主要特征进行描述,综合分析了草原退化对地方马优良品种保护的影响以及市场化经济条件下地方马优良品种保护的迫切性,阐明了地方马优良品种保护、选育措施及手段,并提出保护与选育优良品种的一些建议。

满族佟佳氏马察地方考略

马察,本系满语野菜小根蒜之意。今吉林省集安县新开河谷地和老岭山脉通和岭因遍布小根蒜,被满族先民称为马察河和马察山。明季,满族佟佳氏巴笃理宗支定居于此,后归附努尔哈赤政权,马察作为地名也由此为世人所知。

乌蒙马种质特性研究

本研究测定了成年公、母乌蒙马的体重、体高、体长、胸围和管围等生长发育指标,体温、呼吸和脉搏等生理指标,以及红细胞沉降速度、血红蛋白量、红细胞数、血小板数以及白细胞分类计数等血液生理指标。结果发现,乌蒙马公马的体温、呼吸频率、脉搏频率、血红蛋白量、淋巴细胞数、单核细胞数、嗜酸性白细胞数及红细胞沉降速度均高于母马,但各项指标差异不显著(P>0.05);母马的红细胞数、血小板数以及白细胞分类计数中的嗜酸性白细胞数、嗜碱性白细胞数、嗜中性杆状核白细胞数、嗜中性分叶核白细胞数均略高于公马,但各项指标差异也不显著(P>0.05)。研究结果对地方马的保种、选育有重要意义,并能为兽医临床提供参考依据。

Phenotypic Variation within a Jordanian Landrace of Durum Wheat ＂Safra Ma＇an＂ （Triticum turgidum L, var, Durum）

Two hundred and eighty six lines were selected randomly from the tetraploid wheat （Tritieum turgidum L.var Durum） landrace ＂Safra Ma＇an＂. The whole population with three check cultivars （ACSAD 65, HOURANI 27 and AMRA） was evaluated at Maru Agriculture Research Station for 16 characters including grain yield per plant. The objectives were to assess the magnitude of phenotypic variations for the traits in ＂Safra Ma＇an＂ and to evaluate the potential usefulness of some of the traits identified. Results showed wide range of phenotypic variation for several traits. Monomorphism was common for juvenile growth habit, whereas, the rest of the characters exhibited polymorphism in varying degrees. Considering all characters, the average diversity （H＇） for ＂Safra Ma＇an＂ landrace was 0.65 ± 0.047. Ten lines were superior to the check （HOURANI 27） for grain yield per plant. Subsequently, the population lines were clustered into six distinct groups at a distance of about 0.55 based on their similarity for all traits, ACSAD 65 and AMRA located in separate clusters, whereas, HOURANI 27 cultivar was presented in cluster with the most lines of ＂Safra Ma＇an＂. Thirteen lines from the population showed a bluish green cast or glaucousness characters. Glaucous lines had greater kernels per spike. In contrast, this character showed no significant association with grain yield per plant despite the greater grain yield per plant obtained for the glaucous lines. The results are important for the breeding and selection in this land race.

Property Tax Performance of Local Authorities in Malaysia

Property tax income of local authorities has become more challenging due to robust developments. Property tax revenue is the main income for local authorities that are used to pay for services and maintenance in the local authority administrative areas. However, the amount of revenue collected is decreasing due to the serious problem of property tax arrears that affects the administrative system and as a corollary, the delivery of services by local authorities. The performance measurement of property tax is very important in order to manage the services, and for maintenance and development of sustainable local authorities. Therefore, this paper represents a review of the Malaysian local authority property tax collection performance. The rating system is applied to address the performance of property tax collection in Malaysia. The result revealed that most of the property tax collection in Malaysia performed under inadequate level. Property tax collection statistics for the research include the total revenue and property tax arrears for each local authority in Malaysia within five years from 2004 to 2007. It is expected that this property tax performance will be employed as a basis to pursue the appropriate, innovative, and creative approaches for local authorities in Malaysia.

Collecting Landraces of Vegetable Crop Species in the South-West Romania

A collecting mission was carried out in south-west Romania in October 2013 with the aims： （1） to collect autochthonous crop genetic resources which still present in the south-west of Romania; （2） to assess the presence of on farm of plant genetic resources; （3） to determine the species and the amount of genetic diversity still cultivated and （4） to obtain information from germplasm owners to be used to evaluate the feasibility of an on farm conservation program. Out of 24 explored towns, in 8, landraces were grown and in all, instances seeds could be obtained. Fifty-three accessions from different crop species were collected in 17 sites, belonging to 10 botanical families, of which solanaceae was the most represented （32%）, followed by fabaceae （17%）, cueurbitaceae （11%） and alliaceae and brassicaceae （9%）. As expected, vegetable crops were the most collected, reaching a value as 58.5%, spices 20.8%, while pulses 15.1% and cereals 5.7% of the total. This collecting mission showed that in internal areas of Romania, germplasm of old landraces of many vegetable and crop species still survive, and indicated the urgency to continue also in other agricultural districts of Romania.

基于基因组SNPs对东亚家马不同群体遗传多样性的评估

家马地方品种的遗传多样性是动态演变的,并与其育种模式息息相关;在过去约300年中,育种者培育了具突出表型特征的标准化培育品种,该类型品种对家马地方品种的繁育产生了巨大影响,这是导致家马地方品种遗传多样性下降及遗传分化的主要因素之一。本研究采集了5个东亚家马地方品种(蒙古马、哈萨克马、河曲马、藏马和西南马)、2个西亚家马品种(阿拉伯马和阿哈尔捷金马)以及2个欧洲家马品种(设特兰矮马和克莱斯黛尔马)的70个样品,并整合之前所发表的100匹内蒙古地区家马不同群体单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)数据集,通过全基因组重测序和生物信息学方法分析了东亚家马不同群体的遗传多样性。研究发现东亚家马地方品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性,相比欧洲和西亚品种产生了显著的遗传分化,其中蒙古高原群体的遗传多样性最为丰富;受杂交改良影响,内蒙古不同群体间产生了一定程度的遗传分化;河曲马和藏马的遗传背景最为单一,受引种杂交繁育影响较小。本研究评估了东亚家马地方品种的遗传多样性分布格局和演化特征,可为建立家马地方种质核心保护群体以及培育新品种提供遗传学理论支持。