地构叶和广东地构叶基因组大小测定

以水稻为外标,采用流式细胞仪测定2种地构叶属植物地构叶和广东地构叶的基因组大小。结果表明:地构叶的基因组大小(2C DNA含量)平均为(0.81±0.02)pg,广东地构叶的基因组大小(2C DNA含量)平均为(0.85±0.02)pg。

地构叶化学成分的研究

从地构叶(Speranskia tuberculata)地上部分分离得到9个化合物,根据其理化性质及波谱特征被鉴定为软脂酸、β-谷甾醇、三十烷醇、香草酸、阿魏酸、对香豆酸、loliolide,胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶。香草酸和阿魏酸有较好的抗氧化活性,以上化合物均为首次从该植物获得。

地构叶黄酮类化合物的分离鉴定

从地构叶的地上部分分离得到6个黄酮类化合物，根据其性质及波谱特征分别被鉴定为香叶木素，5，7，3'-30H-OCH3黄酮（1），木犀草素5，7，3'4'-4OH黄酮（2），5，7－4'-三羟基二氢黄酮－7－O－β－D－（4″－对香豆酰）－吡喃葡萄糖苷（3），5，7，4'－三羟基二氢黄酮－7－O－β－D（3″，对香豆酰）－吡喃葡萄糖苷（4），穗花杉双黄酮（5），木犀草素－7－O－芸香糖苷（6），所有的化合物均为首次从地构叶得到，化合物3为新化合物，命名为地构苷。

蒙药地构叶对小鼠抗炎镇痛作用研究

地构叶作为一种来源广泛的镇痛抗炎中药,具有广泛的药用价值。为探讨蒙药地构叶镇痛、抗炎药理作用,将小鼠随机分三组,分别为模型组、阿司匹林组、地构叶组,每组各8只。灌胃给药,进行镇痛、抗炎实验。镇痛作用:与模型组比较,地构叶水提取液镇痛作用明显(P<0.05);抗炎作用:与模型组比较,地构叶水提取液抗炎作用显著(P<0.05),与阿司匹林组相近。结果可知,对于正常小鼠,因物理和化学等多种因素引起的疼痛,地构叶均有抗炎镇痛作用,效果显著(P<0.05)。其数据为进一步研究地构叶的作用机制提供了实验依据。

制造地方丁蜀实践中的空间构想与在地构建

作者基于在宜兴丁蜀镇的创作实践,探究建筑设计和建造是如何跨越抽象的空间与具体的建造,作为一种媒介和桥梁连接起人与地方的.文章通过三个案例,从地构、水路和光面三个方面对如何制造地方的问题展开讨论.

基于最大熵模型和地理信息系统地构叶生态适宜性研究

目的探讨地构叶在我国的生态适宜性区划。方法利用最大熵模型和ArcGIS10.5软件对实地调查的35个地构叶分布信息数据、中国数字植物标本馆获取的172条地构叶分布信息及55种生态因子数据进行运算分析。结果调查显示,影响地构叶生长的7个主要生态因子为11月降水量、3月温度、9月降水量、温度季节性变化标准差、土壤含黏土量最干季节降水量、最干季节均温,甘肃东南部、陕西南部、山西南部、河北西南部、山东中部为地构叶的主要分布区。结论应用此方法研究地构叶生态适宜性区划具有较好的精确度和可信度,研究结果与实际分布相契合,可为地构叶野生资源勘测和保护地区的选择提供参考依据。

最大熵谱估计在地下结构自振频率研究中的应用

在地下结构的动力设计中,结构振动特性的研究是一个重要的课题.本文引入时间序列谱估计理论,提出用最大熵谱估计这一现代谱估计方法来分析地下结构的自振频率,得到了地下结构自振频率随覆盖介质及埋深而变化的关系,其结果令人满意.

A review of rockburst:Insights from engineering sites to theoretical investigations

Rockburst has perennially posed a formidable challenge to the stability of underground engineering works,particularly under conditions of deep-seated high stress.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in on-site research related to rockburst occurrences,covering on-site case analyses,monitoring methodologies,early warning systems,and risk(proneness)evaluation.Initially,the concepts and classifications of rockburst based on on-site understanding were summarized.The influences of structural planes(in various spatial distribution combinations),in-situ stress(particularly magnitude and direction of the principal stress),dynamic disturbances,and excavation profiles on rockburst were thoroughly assessed and discussed through the analysis of published rockburst cases and on-site survey results.Subsequently,a compendium of commonly employed on-site monitoring techniques was outlined,delineating their respective technical attributes.Particular emphasis is accorded to the efficacy of microseismic monitoring technology and its prospective utility in facilitating dynamic rockburst early warning mechanisms.Building upon this foundation,the feasibility of assessing rockburst propensity while considering on-site variables is verified,encompassing the selection and quantitative evaluation of pertinent indicators.Ultimately,a comprehensive synthesis of the paper is presented,alongside the articulation of prospective research goals for the future.

Comparison of stand structure and growth between artificial and natural forests of Pinus sylvestiris var. mongolica on sandy land

Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) as a valuable conifer tree species has been broadly introduced to the sandy land areas in 揟hree North?regions (North, northwest and northeast of China), but many problems occurred in the earliest Mongolian pine plantations in Zhanggutai, Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province (ZZL). In order to clarify the reason, comprehensive investigations were carried out on differences in structure characteristics, growth processes and ecological factors between artificial stands (the first plantation established in ZZL in 1950s) and natural stands (the origin forests of the tree species in Honghuaerji, Inner Mongolia) on sandy land. The results showed that variation of diameter-class distributions in artificial stands and natural stands could be described by Weibull and Normal distribution models, respectively. Chapman-Richards growth model was employed to reconstruct the growth process of Mongolian pine based on the data from field investigation and stem analysis. The ages of maximum of relative growth rate and average growth rate of DBH, height, and volume of planted trees were 11, 22 years, 8, 15 years and 35, 59 years earlier than those of natural stand trees, respectively. In respect of the incremental acceleration of volume, the artificial and natural stands reached their maximum values at 14 years and 33 years respectively. The quantitative maturity ages of artificial stands and natural stands were 43 years and 102 years respectively. It was concluded that the life span of the Mongolian pine trees in natural stands was about 60 years longer than those in artificial stands. The differences mentioned above between artificial and natural Mongolian pine forests on sandy land were partially attributed to the drastic variations of ecological conditions such as latitude, temperature, precipitation, evaporation and height above sea level. Human beings' disturbances and higher density in plantation forest may be ascribed as additional reasons. Those results may be potentially useful for the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas.

Large-scale complex physical modeling and precisionanalysis

Large-scale 3D physical models of complex structures can be used to simulate hydrocarbon exploration areas. The high-fidelity simulation of actual structures poses challenges to model building and quality control. Such models can be used to collect wideazimuth, multi-azimuth, and full-azimuth seismic data that can be used to verify various 3D processing and interpretation methods. Faced with nonideal imaging problems owing to the extensive complex surface conditions and subsurface structures in the oil-rich foreland basins of western China, we designed and built the KS physical model based on the complex subsurface structure. This is the largest and most complex 3D physical model built to date. The physical modeling technology advancements mainly involve 1） the model design method, 2） the model casting flow, and 3） data acquisition. A 3D velocity model of the physical model was obtained for the first time, and the model building precision was quantitatively analyzed. The absolute error was less than 3 mm, which satisfies the experimental requirements. The 3D velocity model obtained from 3D measurements of the model layers is the basis for testing various imaging methods. Furthermore, the model is considered a standard in seismic physical modeling technology.

Simulation and Analysis of Land System Structure Changes in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain Area

The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the driving-force for the dynamic change mechanism of land system, such as natural, social and economic factors. The future dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain on each 1 km cell during 2000 to 2020 were stimulated by combining the dynamic changes of land system on each 1 km cell with different situations. The research indicated that the dynamic changes of land system structure changed mainly from the cultivated areas to building areas and industrial areas, and forest areas increased during this period. Although the revolutions of land system structure were different during 2000 to 2020 with the different referrence standard, ecological protection and economic development, the primary dynamic changes of land system structure were that the increase of building land areas with the decline cuhivaled land areas and the increase of woodlands.

Three-dimensional interpretation of sparse survey line MT data: Synthetic examples

Currently, most of MT （magnetotelluric） data are still collected on sparse survey lines and interpreted using 2D inversion methods because of the field work cost, the work area environment, and so on. However, there are some 2D interpretation limitations of the MT data from 3D geoelectrical structures which always leads to wrong geological interpretations. In this paper, we used the 3D inversion method to interpret the MT sparse lines data. In model testing, the sparse lines data are the MT full information data generated from a test model and processed using the 3D conjugate gradients inversion code. The inversion results show that this inversion method is reasonable and effective. Meanwhile, we prove that for inversion results with different element parameters, the results by joint inversion of both the impedance tensor data and the tipper data are more accurate and closer to the test model.

The Study on Tourist Destination Tourism Image Perception and Evaluation in Xi'an City

[Objective] The aim was to explore the tourist destination image measurement method, and have an empirical study on Xi＇an City. [Method] With combination of non-structural and structured approach to design questionnaires, tourism image of Xi＇an was explored using the SPSS software from both the qualitative and quantitative analyses. [Result] Xi＇an tourism images serve a heritage historical monuments atmosphere with the Terracotta Warriors, City Wall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda,Huaqing Hot Springs, presenting a positive feeling among tourists in general. In the dissemination of travel, tourism infrastructure construction, tourism transportation,travel services have negative effects on the image of Xi＇an tourism. [Conclusion]The evaluation on the tourism resources is highly spoken of by tourists than the scenic spot, indicating that despite high visibility of tourism resources in Xi＇an, it has not formed strong core competitiveness and a complete tourism industrial chain. It is necessary to take the right marketing strategies to enhance tourist familiarity to Xi＇an. Tourists demands, therefore, should be well considered in developing Xi＇an scenic spots and new tourism products and projects be focused on to improve tourists＇ satisfaction.

Research on Evaluation and Optimization of Regional Land Use Structure Efficiency

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to judge the rationality of land use structure from new perspectives and method. [Method] The theory of data en- velopment analysis （DEA） has been employed in this article. A case study of evalu- ation of land use structure for Wujin district in 2012 is provided to illustrate the ap- plication of this research model. At the micro perspective, land use efficiency has been analyzed by use of data envelopment analysis model. The optimization and adjustment direction in land use structure has been pointed out from the view point of land use efficiency. [Result] The result has shown that the research method based on information entropy and data envelopment analysis model can effectively overcome the drawback of traditional evaluation techniques. Compared with the tra- ditional methods, the new optimization model based on a structure of the multi-crite- ria factors and objective weighting method can evaluate the rationality of land use structure more comprehensively.

Experimental study of low-temperature electrical radiant floor heating system

To evaluate the thermal performance of a low-temperature electrical radiant floor heating system,an experimental facility equipped with a constant temperature chamber and different specimen floors is designed and built.The heating cable is installed in the floor slab with a unit-rated power of 30 W/m.Twenty-four different schemes are worked out and tested,which include three kinds of composite floor structures and eight kinds of cable distances.The cable distances are 30,40,50,60,80,100,130,150 mm.The main affective factors of the thermal performance and their influencing regularity are discussed.The experimental results show that the system has good stability and reliability,and the ratio of the radiation heat-transfer rate to the gross heat-transfer rate is greater than 50%.When the floor structure and the cable distance are fixed,the gross heat-transfer rate of the upper floor surface has a maximum value at an optimal cable distance.Under the experimental conditions in this paper,the optimal cable distance is 50 mm.

Research on Regional Land Use Structure Change and Influencing Factors——A Case Study of Yining City in Xinjiang

This paper analyzes the land use status and land use structure change in 1995-2004 in Yining City, revealing that the agricultural land area has decreased rapidly, and construction land has increased dramatically. Moreover, this paper inves- tigates the relation of economy, urbanization, location, land system policy with land use structure, and puts forward rationalization proposal for optimization of land use structure, to provide reference for land use measurements in the future.

An Evaluation of Crown Structure and Site Index to Determine Crown Closure in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis Stands in Guangxi,China

Eucalyptus forests are grown in many parts of the world for their commercial value and use in construction projects. Density management becomes im- portant as a means to attain the management goals in these forests. Changes in canopy and tree crown structure were quantified for Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis forests at different ages to determine when canopy closure occurs and the onset of competition begins. Site index was developed for these forests to determine whether site quality affects the canopy structure. Site index had little effect in the forests sampled, with the forest canopy on the better sites becoming slightly more elongated. Based upon crown projection ratio and crown diameter： dbh （diameter at breast height） ratio, it appears that crown closure occurs by age 4 years in these forests. The age at which this occurs was also checked and verified with the evaluation of relative spacing, RS （the ratio of the mean distance between trees to the average dominant height of the stand）. The RS value displayed a rapid decline until age 4 years, and then became relatively flat through age 21 years. The rapid height growth during the first 3 years with no change in density accounted for this rapid decrease. By age 4 years, reductions in the number of trees due to mortality began to have more of an influence on this value, resulting in a more gradual de- cline. The implications for management are discussed.

Polygynous Mating System and Behavioural Reason of Black Crested Gibbon (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Dazhaizi,Mt.Wuliang, Yunnan,China

The field research on five black crested gibbon groups, recently performed at Dazhaizi, Mr. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China, showed that all groups in the local population consisted of one adult male, two adult females and 2 - 5 sub-adults, juveniles and itfants. The mean group size was 6.2 in August 2003 and 6.4 in August 2005. Two subadult males disappeared from their natal home range and three newborns were given birth in Group 3 （G3） and G4 during this study. The two adult females in G1, G2 and G3 gave births and/or carried babies but at different times. There was no aggressive or dominating behaviour observed between the two adult females. One floating female was first seen in G3＇s territory on April 15, 2005. The two resident females interrupted her duet with adult male and chased her. We did not observe adult male chased this floating female and she left G3＇s territory 10 days later. Sub-adult males often kept distance with the family, and they often sang solo bouts in their natal territory before they dispersed. The sub-adult males and females dispersed from natal territory and two adult resident females rejected the third one, which might were the reasons why the black gibbon groups were polygyny in Dazhaizi.

Community Structure and Diversity Distributions of Small Mammals in Different Sample Plots in the Eastern Part of Wuling Mountains

Five years＇ （2000-2004） continuous study has been carried out on small mammals such as rodents in seven different sample plots, at three different altitudes and in six different ecological environment types in the eastern part of the Wuling Mountains, south bank of the Three Gorges of Yangtze River in Hubei. A total of 29 297 rat clamps/times were placed and 2271 small mammals such as rodents were captured, and 26 small mammals were captured by other means. All the small mammals captured belonged to 8 families 19 genera and 24 species, of which rodentia accounted for 70.83% and insectivora 29.17%. Through analysis of the data, the results showed that： 1 ） although the species richness had a trend of increasing along different sample plots as altitude increased from south to north, quite a few species showed a wide habitat range in a vertical distribution （ 15 species were dispersed over three zones and two species over two zones） , indicating a strong adaptability of small mammals such as rOdents at lower altitudes in most areas and comparatively less vertical span of entire mountains; 2） whether in seven different sample plots or six different ecological types, Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus were dominant species below 1200m, and Anourosorex squamipes, Niviventer confucianus and Apodemus draco were dominant above altitudes of 1300m, however, in quantity they were short of identical regularity, meaning they did not increase as the altitude did, or decrease as the ecological areas changed; 3）the density in winter was obviously greater than that in spring, and the distribution showed an increasing trend along with altitude, but the density in different sample plots was short of identical regularity, showing changes in different seasons and altitude grades had an important impact on small mammals such as rodents; 4） in species diversity and evenness index, there were obvious changes between the seven different sample plots, probably caused by frequent human interference in this area. Comparatively speaking, there was less human interference at high altitudes where vegetation was rich and had a high diversity and evenness index, and the boundary effect and community stability were obvious. Most ecological types have been seriously interfered with due to excessive assart at low altitudes with singular vegetation and low diversity and evenness index and poor community stability, showing an ecosystem with poor anti-reversion. If human interference can be reduced in those communities at high altitudes with low diversity and evenness index, the biological diversity in the communities will gradually recover to similar levels of other ecological areas.