地下槽压入式通风和地温效应

我区地处祖国西北,气温低,温差大,空气干燥。就我们哈密地区来说,年平均气温为9.8℃,年平均相对湿度为40%。这是我们进行机械通风、低温储藏得天独厚的条件。1985年以来我们试验用地下槽压入式通风保管水分为14～15.5%的半安全小麦,连续三年实现库内安全过夏。按一个250万公斤库房装213万公斤粮计算。

地下水垂直运动的地温场效应与实例剖析

本文讨论了在兼有传导和垂直对流两种传热作用下,一维稳态温度场所具有的特征和利用钻孔温度测量结果判别地下水对流存在与否及定量评定地下水活动对地温场影响的方法。以新郑矿区热异常区的一热水孔为例进行剖析,检验了方法的有效性。这一实例提供了确定新郑地热异常成因的重要基础。

干旱区垄作不同覆盖条件对花生水分利用的影响

利用田间小区试验,对地膜覆盖、液态地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖条件下花生垄作沟灌的水分利用状况进行了研究。结果表明,3种覆盖的减少蒸发量效果显著,与裸地种植相比,灌水后0—30cm土层内的土壤水分含量分别增加了67.35%,35.44%,5.10%。地膜覆盖显著地提高了花生根区的土壤温度,秸秆覆盖时秸秆材料阻碍了太阳对地表的直接辐射,根区0—25cm土壤温度相比裸地降低了1.3℃～5.5℃;地膜覆盖增产量高达167.07%。

雅库特铁路路堤富冰冻土的温度研究(英文)

由Tommot到Niznhy Bestyakh铁路建设和运行的主要难题是横贯高含冰量冻土区域。自2007年以来,监测研究已经由麦尔尼科夫冻土研究所在该铁路试验段进行。其中一个监测计划的主要目标是评估不同设计的堤防地面热状况。观测巷道中使用高、低和零堤防热管及保温绝缘材料。实地研究表明,每年高路堤的散热效果要小于低路堤。阴影边坡下方的土壤趋于低温,而更多的边坡下方的多年冻土上限是由于地表水的增温效应降低所导致。冬季冻土路堤材料导致其冻胀,其上升的速度使其形成更高的堤防。夏季,零堤的位置处于切除活跃层会导致常年解冻区域的发展,有着较厚的填充和更深层次季节性融化。热虹吸和绝缘材料使得上坡护堤和下坡护堤产生轻微冷却效果。悬雪棚并未证明可以有效地降低地面温度。建议采取额外措施,以降低地面温度,减少巷道的季节性融化。

Impact of Global Warming on Water Resource in Arid Area of Northwest China

As the unprecedented global warming is under way, the glacier retreat is getting more and more serious. In the inland arid area of Northwest China, due to very scarce precipitation, where there is water, there are oases. And the glacier melt water amounts to 22 % of the total direct supply of the inland river water and is of crucial importance to the survival and development of the oases. In this paper, using both the observed data and the previous research achievements of the glaciers in the inland valley of Northwest China where the oasis depending on the glacier is the only location suitable for human living, the authors describe the glacier retreat trend over the past half century, focusing on discussing the possible impact of the glacier retreat on the melt water runoff that is almost the only water resource efficient to nourish the oases. The authors find that even with increasing amount of water from the glacier with global warming, the water shortage is getting more and more serious and the environment is under a degrading way due to the accelerating economical development. The water shortage is bound to be more serious if the glacier retreat keeps on, especially after the glacier melt water is over its top for the degradedglacier scale. So suggestions are stressed in the end that a new water-saving pattern should be adopted in the area for a sustainable development due to the warming-up induced continuous glacier retreat.

Effects of slag fineness on durability of mortars

In recent years, the usages of by-products and wastes in industry have become more important. The importance of the sustainable development is also of increasing. The utilizations of wastes, as mineral admixture or fine aggregate, reduce the consumption of the natural resources and improve the durability of concrete. In this study, the effect of the fineness on the high temperature and sulphate resistances of concrete mortar specimens, produced with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) replacing cement, is investigated. The compressive and flexural strength test results for all series related to durability effects, exposing temperature and solutions, exposure times for these durability effects, slag content and fineness are discussed. Conse- quently, the optimum slag contents are determined for producing the sulphate and high temperature resistant mortars.

On Urban Heat Island of Beijng Based on Landsat TM Data

Land surface temperature (LST) of Beijing area was retrieved from Landsat TM thermal band data utilizing a radiative transfer equation and the urban heat island (HUI) effects of Beijing and its relationship with land cover and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were discussed. The result of LST showed that the urban LST was evidently higher than the suburban one. The average urban LST was found to 4.5 ℃ and 9 ℃ higher than the suburban and outer suburban temperature, respectively, which demonstrated the prominent UHI effects in Beijing. Prominent negative correlation between LST and NDVI was found in the urban area, which suggested the low percent vegetation cover in the urban area was the main cause of the urban heat island.

Late Quaternary Strata and Carbon Burial Records in the Yellow River Delta, China

Sediment carbon sequestration plays an essential role in mitigating atmospheric CO2 increases and the subsequently global greenhouse effect. To clarify the late Quaternary strata and carbon burial records in YeUow River delta （YRD）, detailed analysis of benthic foraminifera, total carbon （TC）, organic carbon （Corg）, sedimentary characteristics and moisture contents of sediments, was performed on core ZK3, 30.3 m in length and obtained from YRD in 2007. Eight depositional units （designated U1-U8 in ascending order） were identified. A comprehensive analysis method of historical geography and sedimentary geology was used to de- termine the precise depositional ages of the modem Yellow River delta （MYRD）, from which pre-MYRD ages were deduced. The results indicates that the maximum burial rates of TC, inorganic carbon （IC） and Corg occurred in the delta front （U5）, and the mini- mum in the shallow sea （U3）. Remarkable high sedimentation rates in the MYRD are responsible for burial efficiency of carbon, with an average rate of Corg burial reaching 2087±251 g（m2yr）-1, and that of IC reaching 13741±808g（m2yr）-1, which are much higher than those of other regions with high contents of Corg. Therefore, YRD has a significant burial efficiency for carbon sequestration.

Change in Urban Wetlands and Their Cold Island Effects in Response to Rapid Urbanization

The cold-island effect of urban wetlands has received increasing attention in recent years due to its important role in the alleviation of urban heat islands.Hangzhou,a representative rapidly urbanizing city with rich wetlands in China,was selected as a case study for researching the changes that the urban wetlands have undergone and their impact on the urban thermal environment.Land surface temperature(LST) was acquired from the thermal infrared data of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper(TM) images in 1990,1995,2000,2006,and 2010,using the single-channel method.The results are as follows:1) considering the changes in land use,the urban wetlands located to the west of Hangzhou have decreased significantly during 1990–2010 because of rapid urbanization.In the Xixi Wetland,the change in land use was relatively small and most of the water body and vegetation were preserved.However,to the east of the Xixi Wetland,large areas of water body and vegetation have been replaced by built-up land as a result of the urbanization process;2) considering the change in LST,it was found from land surface temperature retrieval that the changing spatial pattern of the thermal field was highly correlated with land use changes.Low temperature regions of the eastern Xixi Wetland were gradually eroded by high temperature regions,and the centroid of the heat island in East Xixi was found to be constantly shifting westward.In addition,the difference in LST between the Xixi Wetland and East Xixi has increased;3) considering the impact factors for this area,land use structure and patch shape were found to have a significant impact on LST,shown by the results of multiple linear stepwise regressions.Increasing the size of the wetlands in urban planning is considered to be the most effective measure in alleviating the urban heat island effect.Moreover,reducing the spatial complexity of landscape patches also contributes to the alleviation of the urban heat island effect.

The Fossil-Fuels and the Global Warming

The purpose of this paper is to present a simple way to approximate the dependence of the global mean air temperature at Earth＇s surface on atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. Current discussions include energy aspects of the greenhouse effect and the global warming. The starting point for the research are laws of thermodynamics, energy equilibrium and absorption and emission property of the atmosphere. According to the calculations, the natural and the anthropogenic changes effect the atmosphere. By the year 2100 the CO2 concentration will be doubled in comparison with the value of the pre-industrial ages. The doubled CO2 concentration will mean a temperature change about 1 ℃-1.5 ℃.

Temperature Variations in Sidi Bel Abbes during the Last Three Decades

The Mediterranean climate of the Sidi Bel Abbes city in northwestern Algeria has not been the subject of many investigations except some sporadic syntheses reports. However, climate change studying its most important parameters has not, at our knowledge, been the subject of a rigorous study. For this purpose this work intends to gather several temperatures ranging between 1980 and 2006 and find a mathematical model that tells us climate changes following changes in temperature during this time interval. Consequently and undesirably, the results confirm firmly the global greenhouse effect affecting our planet, but what seems rather puzzling is the fact that this warming trend has accelerated over time resulting in a changing climate toward warmer periods, for that reason a likely shift in the region of a semi-arid to tropical or arid regime overall, depending mainly on the evolution of the Azores anticyclone.

Estimation of Endocarpon pusillum Hedwig carbon budget in the Tengger Desert based on its photosynthetic rate

This study investigated the photosynthetic rate of the lichen Endocarpon pusillum at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shapotou Desert Research Station and estimated its annual contribution to the carbon budget in the ecosystem. The software SigmaPlot 10.0 with "Macro-Area below curves" was used to calculate the carbon fixation capacity of the lichen. The total carbon budget (ΣC) of the lichen was obtained by subtracting the respiratory carbon loss (ΣDR) from the photosynthetic carbon gain (ΣNP). Because water from precipitation plays an important role in photosynthesis in this ecosystem, the annual carbon budget of E. pusillum at the station was estimated based on the three-year average precipitation data from 2009 to 2011. Our results indicate that the lichen fixes 14.6 g Cm-2 annually. The results suggest that artificial inoculation of the crust lichen in the Tengger Desert could not only help reduce the sand and dust storms but also offer a significant carbon sink, fixing a total of 438000 t of carbon over the 30000 km2 of the Tengger Desert. The carbon sink could potentially help mitigate the atmospheric greenhouse effect. Our study suggests that the carpet-like lichen E. pusillum is an excellent candidate for "Bio-carpet Engineering" of arid and semi-arid regions.