苦地湿敷剂治疗小鼠浅Ⅱ度烧伤的疗效观察

目的建立小鼠Ⅱ度烧伤模型,观察苦地湿敷剂(KDSFJ)的治疗作用。方法采用80℃恒温水烫小鼠皮肤3s,制作60只Ⅱ度烧伤小鼠模型,造模成功后随机将其分成A,B,C三组,A组用KDSFJ,B组用硼酸外喷伤口,均为2次/d,C组不做任何处理。每天下午用药前肉眼观察皮损变化,并记录创面结痂、脱痂和愈合时间,于第1,4,8,12和19天时用Nagelschmidt法测量创面或疤痕面积。结果重复测量方差分析表明,3种方法对鼠烧伤面积的影响趋势不相同,A组皮损面积呈直线下降趋势,B和C组在治疗第4天时皮损面积达到顶峰,后面积不断下降,组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),三组间差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.03)。造模后第19天,三组小鼠皮损疤痕面积比较,A组疤痕面积最小,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008)。A组愈合时间最短,第12天时,所有病例均愈合。结论 KDSFJ能快速控制烧伤导致的炎症反应,控制炎症扩散,减少愈合时疤痕的形成,缩短愈合时间,值得进一步深入研究。

苦地湿敷剂对小鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面MK2表达的影响

目的 研究苦地湿敷剂（Kudi Shifu Ji,KDSFJ）对小鼠皮肤深Ⅱ度烧伤修复中MAPK激活蛋白激酶2（MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2,MAPKAP-K2 or MK2）表达的影响.方法采用80 ℃恒温水烫小鼠皮肤3 s制作60只深Ⅱ度烧伤小鼠模型,造模成功后随机将其分成3组：苦地湿敷剂组（A组）,硼酸组（B组）,空白组（C组）,其中A和B组外喷伤口,每天治疗2次,C组不做处理.在建模后第4、8、12天,每组分别随机处死5只小鼠,第19天时终止研究,处死所有小鼠,每次测量创面或疤痕面积,并进行免疫组化染色,应用图像分析软件Image-Pro plus 6.0进行半定量分析,检测MK2的表达情况.结果 ①第4天,A组面积明显小于其他两组（F=28.655,P＝0.000）;第12天,A组小鼠全部已脱痂愈合,皮损最小（F=2.910,P＝0.072）;第19天,A组疤痕面积最小（F=7.447,P=0.008）.②不同时间3组间MK2表达平均光密度比较差异均有统计学意义.C组在实验第4～19天全程呈高表达,B组在实验第4～12天MK2表达明显低于其他组,在第19天上升接近C组水平.A组MK2的表达呈现出先逐渐抑制,第12天时达到低点,第19天稍微回升,但明显低于其他组（F=25.687,P=0.000）.结论 ①MK2在小鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面发生和愈合过程中呈持续高表达;提示创面组织MK2通路参与炎症的发生、发展和修复;②苦地湿敷剂促进烧伤创面的愈合,其机制可能与逐渐抑制创面MK2表达,进而降低炎症过度反应有关.

苦地湿敷剂对小鼠接触性皮炎皮损的影响

目的:建立小鼠接触性皮炎模型,观察苦地湿敷剂(KDSFJ)对小鼠接触性皮炎的治疗作用,证实其疗效。方法:采用DNFB建立45只小鼠接触性皮炎,造模成功后随机分成A、B、C三组,前两组分别喷苦地湿敷剂、硼酸湿敷6天,C组作为空白对照组不予任何处理,然后肉眼观察皮损的变化,用螺旋测微器测量小鼠耳中部的厚度,打孔法测量耳重量等方法来观察各种处理对上述指标的影响。结果:①三组小鼠体重造模前、后同一时间比较差异无统计学意义;②造模前三组间左右耳厚度差异均无统计学意义(P=0.195,P=0.061),造模后治疗前三组间左右耳厚度差异均无统计学意义(P=0.303,P=0.130)③第12天中药组小鼠创面全部脱痂,优于其它两组;④第6天,治疗组左耳肿胀度轻于阳性对照组与空白对照组,但差异无统计学意义;⑤第6天皮损积分三组间存在统计学差异,提示KDSFJ能有效减轻红斑等皮损的形成,疗效优于对照组。结论:与对照组相比,治疗组小鼠急性期的红斑等局部皮损明显减少,总体疗效优于对照组,初步证实KDSFJ能早期抑制炎症反应,值得进一步深入研究。

黄土场地自重湿陷必要条件的探讨

不同性质的场地土产生自重湿陷所需要的湿度条件及压力条件的差异 ,可以使场地湿陷产生时的浸水边界条件有很大差别 ,造成场地湿陷敏感性的不同。土性、湿度。

含油气系统赋存的地温场及其作用

油气的形成主要取决于烃源岩经受的温度,因此,含油气系统的形成、演化及其规模很大程度上受控于盆地的地温场。本文论述了含油气系统赋存的地温场及其作用和影响因素,并通过实例分析,确立了地温场在含油气系统中的作用和地位。研究结果表明,高温场有利于含油气系统的形成,且规模较大;低温场对含油气系统的形成相对不利,此时的上覆岩层成为影响烃源岩热演化和含油气系统形成的主要因素。

The Effect of Baffled Surface Flow Wetlands on Water Purification

[Objective] The effect of baffled surface flow wetlands on water purification was studied in order to provide a reference for the ecological restoration of polluted river.[Method] Contents of some indexes like DO,TN,TP,NH＋4-N,CODCr,SS,SD,etc.were determined in the band baffled surface flow wetlands with total area of 7 400 m2 at JiaLu riverside.[Result] Baffled surface flow wetlands could improve the effluent quality significantly,could enhance transparency and dissolved oxygen content and also could decrease SS content.The removal rate of TN was kept at more than 73% in summer and decreased to 23% in early winter;The removal rate of TP was little influenced by temperature,and it was kept at more than 77% in summer and still kept at more than 69% in autumn and winter;The removal rate of NH＋4-N was kept at more than 83% in summer and decreased slightly in autumn and winter,but still kept at more than 75%;The removal rate of CODCr ranged from 14% to 50%.[Conclusion] Baffled surface flow wetlands could effectively improve the purification effect of surface flow wetlands,which is a feasible way for ecological restoration.

Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment through Anaerobism and Artificial Wetland

[ Objective] The study aimed to test capacity of sewage treatment with anaerobic ＋ artificial wetland. [ Method] By studying on the removal of conventional pollutants such as CODcr, SP, TP and NH4^＋-N with new wetlands, their impact on the capacity of sewage treatment. [Resuit]The CODcr removal efficiency could reach 70% -80% and the value of CODcr could be reduced from above 300.00 mg/L to blow 100 mg/L, the removal efficiency of SP and NH4^＋-N was 30% -40% when hydraulic load is 90 crn/d. [ Conclusion] When the concentration of CODcr, SP and NH4^＋ -N were below 300.00,2.50 and 15.00 mg/L, it＇s easy to achieve a more stable removal efficiency.

Effects of Land Cover on Soil Temperature,Humidity and Moisture in Phoebe bournei Forest

Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe boumei forest were in- vestigated. The results showed that the five cover patterns all showed significant ef- fects on soil properties in young Phoebe bournei forest under the condition of high temperature. Land cover increased land temperature in Phoebe boumei forest. Un- der the film mulching, the land temperature was increased most rapidly with the largest increment. However, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering decreased land temperature. Among them, growing grass covering showed the best cooling effect. The film mulching, weed covering, branch- es and leaves covering and growing grass covering all increased land humidity. The film mulching showed the best moisture-preserving effect in the early period, but in the late period, the humidity in the film mulching treatment group was lower than that in the clean tillage treatment group. Among the five mulching patterns, moisture loss in the film mulching treatment group was slowest and least, followed by those in the weed covering and branches and leaves covering treatment groups, and moisture loss in the growing grass covering treatment group was fastest and most.

Analysis on the Degradation Causes of Bashang Inland Lake Wetland in Hebei Province

The degeneration of Bashang inland lake wetland in Hebei Province is caused by both some natural reasons,such as temperature rises and violent pathogenic wind,and some human factors like the large increase of population and arable area,the production of season-staggered vegetable,which have increased the water utilization and made many lakes dry up completely or partly.Based on the degeneration reasons,the related measures for restoring the function of Bashang wetland ecosystem were proposed in this paper.

Research Progress on Application of Constructed Wetland in Wastewater Treatment in China

Constructed wetlands as a wastewater eco-treatment technology has devel-oped for decades. Combining wastewater-treatment with water recycle in an efficient way, it plays an important role in water body restoration and ecological construction. Constructed wetlands with unique advantages have attracted intensive attention since it developed, and have been widely used in treatment of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and mine wastewater. In this paper, we summarized the clas-sification, composition, combination, operation mode and pol utant removal mecha-nism of constructed wetlands, as wel as the research progress on the application of constructed wetland in wastewater treatment at home and abroad. In addition, in view of the problems of using constructed wetlands to treat wastewater in China, corresponding solutions were put forward, including setting up system construction standards for constructed wetlands, developing the regulatory and enhancing tech-niques of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and taking advantage of the unique features of constructed wetlands to improve and restore ecological environment.

Extraction and Content Determination of Shikimic Acid in Pinus elliottii Engelm

[Objective] The aim was to provide scientific basis for development and utilization of Pinus elliottii Engelm resources.[Method] The extraction process of shikimic acid in Pinus elliottii Engelm was studied,and the content of shikimic acid was determined by HPLC.The HPLC conditions were as follows;Alltima NH2 （5 μm,4.6 mm × 150 mm） column separation;the mobile phase was acetonitrile-2%H3PO4 （90：10）;the flowing velocity was 1 ml/min;test wavelength was 213 nm,the width of belt was 16 nm;reference wavelength was 300 nm,the width of belt was 80 nm.[Result] By the single factor and orthogonal tests,the optimum conditions were found as follows：ethanol concentration 60%,extraction temperature 75 ℃,solid-liquid ratio 1：25,extraction time 2.5 h.The extraction rate of shikimic acid was 1.49%.[Conclusion] Shikimic acid in Pinus elliottii Engelm could be used as a new resource to develop and utilize.

Population Dynamics and Breeding Space Niche of Four Heron Species in Tanghai Wetlands

The population dynamics and breeding behaviors of Black-crowned Night Herons （ Nycticorax nycticorax ）, Egrets （Egtetta garzetta）, Chinese Pond Herons （Ardeola bacchus） and Great Egrets （Casmerodius albus） were observed in Tanghai Wetlands, Hebei Province from August 2004 to July 2005. Further, we studied the relationship of nest space distribution and directly calculated the nest density of vertical and horizontal levels, the niche overlapping index and the niche breadth. The results showed that there were two breeding areas, named Area Ⅰ and Area Ⅱ . The maximum population occurred in the period from April to September and was approximately 5800 individuals. Area Ⅰ was occupied earlier than Area Ⅱ by approximately half a month. In the breeding period, Black-crowned Night Herons were dominant in numbers and most occupied the upper nests of the core areas. Great Egrets also took the upper nests but they have the smallest population. Most Egrets took the middle nests of the edges of the area. Chinese Pond Herons, with a smaller population than the Egret, mostly nested in the edges, but some of them also took the lower nests of the core area. On the whole, the vertical niche of Egrets is the widest, the horizontal niche of Black-crowned Night Herons is the widest and the niche breadth of Chinese Pond Herons is the largest. The nest distribution pattern is the most similar between Chinese Pond Herons and Black-crowned Night Herons, and the niche overlapping index of Chinese Pond Herons and Egrets is the largest. Black-crowned Night Herons and Great Egrets control Egrets and Chinese Pond Herons in competition. Rich food and the optimal ecological environments lead to plenty of herons in the wetlands. In addition, it is a distinguishing feature of the four species that nests are built in poplar trees over 22 m tall.

Electricity generation during wastewater treatment by a microbial fuel cell coupled with constructed wetland

A membrane-less constructed wetland microbial fuel cell （CW-MFC） is constructed and operated under continuous flow with a hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 2 d. Fed with glucose, the CW-MFC generates a stable current density of over 2 A/m3 with a resistor of 1 kΩ and has a chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency of more than 90% after the startup of 2 to 3 d. A series of systems with the electrode spacings of 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm are compared. It is found that the container with the electrode spacing of 20 cm gains the highest voltage of 560 mV, the highest power density of 0. 149 W/m 3, and the highest Coulombic efficiency of 0.313%. It also has the highest COD removal efficiency of 94. 9%. In addition, the dissolved oxygen （DO） concentrations are observed as the lowest level in the middle of all the CW-MFC reactors. The results show that the more COD is removed, the greater power is generated, and the relatively higher Coulombic efficiency will be achieved. The present study indicates that the CW-MFC process can be used as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment with simultaneous power generation.

Survey on Bio-resources of Zhengzhou Yellow River Wetland and Protective Measures

Upon the basis of comprehensive survey on the bio-resources of Zhengzhou Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve,we analyzed the relationship between wetland ecology and bio-resource protection,the problems encountering wetland development and protection,and further put forward corresponding protective measures.

Study on the Mycorrhizal Formation in the Offspring Tissue Culture Seedling Bottle of Pinus elliottii with Lecanosticta acicola Resistance

[Objective] The research aimed to study the mycorrhizal formation in the offspring tissue culture seedling bottle of Pinus elliottii with Lecanosticta acicola resistance.[Method] The mycorrhizal formation of Pinus elliottii regenerated plant in vitro was studied,and the growth condition of regenerated plant was observed.[Result] The culture substrate and the inoculation amount of mycorrhizal fungi had the big influence on the mycorrhizal formation in vitro.After the root primordia were induced by Pinus elliottii caespitose shoots,it was best to transplant in the perlite substrate and inoculate Pisolithus tinctorius,which was favorable for the mycorrhizal formation.When the two blocks of Pisolithus tinctorius were inoculated in the perlite medium,the mycorrhizal formation rate reached 84.4%.The dichotomous branching short root was the most,and 12.49 roots were formed in every main root.The mycorrhizal formation improved the survival rate of regenerated plant domestication transplantation.The mycorrhizal regenerated plant grew well in the phytotron,and the root system was developed.[Conclusion] The research provided the basis for improving the survival rate of Pinus elliottii tissue culture regenerated plant with Lecanosticta acicola resistance.

Design of Constructed Wetland for Treatment of Tailwater from Wastewater Treatment Plant

In this study, the project of constructed wetland for treatment of tailwater from the wastewater treatment plant in Wudang Mountain was taken as an example, and the technological processes, pollution load, wetland bed structure, bed filler, selection of plants and hydraulic conditions of the subsurface flow constructed wetland were discussed. A subsurface flow constructed wetland, which covered an area of 7 227 m^2 was finally designed. It could treat 7 000 m^3 of tailwater from the wastewater treatment plant a day. In addition, the system could reduce the emission of COD, BODs, TN, TP and NH3-N by 25.55, 25.55, 12.78, 1.28 and 17.89 t respectively a day. The outlet water was proved to reach the Standard A of the first class in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant （GB 18918-2002）.

Study on Purification Efficiency of Vertical Flow Wetlands on Domestic Wastewater

The combination method of intermittent influent and vertical flow wetlands （VFW） was used in the test to treat the domestic wastewater. Four artificial wetlands including Typha latifolia wetland,Phragmites australis （P.H.） wetland,polyculture wetlands （Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis） and non-vegetation wetland were established in the test. The effects of hydraulic retention time （HRT） and plant species on pollutants removal efficiencies were studied. The results showed that when HRT=7,the treatment efficiencies of wetlands with plants for the removal of TN and NH＋4-N were up to 99.65% and 99.58%,respectively. For the control wetland,TN removal efficiency was up to 87.9% when HRT were 6 days,and NH＋4-N removal efficiency was up to 91.8% when HRT were 5 days. TP removal efficiencies of four wetlands were higher than 93% when HRT was 6 days. Through the studies on different plants,it was found that vegetation wetlands had better nitrogen removal efficiency than non-vegetation wetland. The treatment efficacy of Phragmites australis wetland and polyculture wetland was better than Typha latifolia wetland.

Study on Qianling Lake Restoration with Artificial Wetland

The ecological restoration of water quality in Qianling Lake was conducted by artificial wetland, which transformed N and P in wastewater into essential matters in organism tissues, so pollutants discharged into Qianting Lake were reduced for the purpose of restoration.

Study on the Floating Plant Climatic Adaptation of Undercurrent Constructed Wetland in North China

[Objective] The aim was to choose appropriate floating plant in the wetland in the north China.[Method] Pistia stratiotes L.,Eichhornia crassipes,and Hydrocharis dubia（Bl.） Backer were planted in the aquatic biological pool of constructed subsurface flow wetland system in the reservoir.Through filed investigation,the growth of the three kinds of plants was studied and their adaptability to the northern climate was concluded.[Result] Judging from the growth speed and state of the three kinds of floating plants,the biological characteristic of Pistia stratiotes L.can perfectly adapt the environment in the pool in the reservoir,followed by the Eichhornia crassipes.The growth state of the Hydrocharis dubia（Bl.） Backer was the worst one and it can not adapt to the north environment.[Conclusion] It provided references for the choice of artificial floating plant in the north area.