There is tremendous growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems(GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Remote Sensing, Satellite Communication, andModeling & Simulation techniques.These tools and techniqu...There is tremendous growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems(GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Remote Sensing, Satellite Communication, andModeling & Simulation techniques.These tools and techniques helps significantly in characterizinginfrastructure, risk area and disaster zones, planning and implementation ofhazards reduction measures etc.Communication satellites becomes vital for providingemergency communication and timely relief measures.Integration of space technologyinputs into natural disaster monitoring and mitigation mechanisms is critical for hazard reduction.This paper mainly focused on all the issues described above.Major emphasis hadbeen given to the recent developments in information & communication technology enabledtools and their applications in mining industries for safe mining operations with increasedproductivity.展开更多
The paper introduces the tectonic background, focal mechanism and distribution of aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008. The earthquake is considered to be the result of long-term interaction between th...The paper introduces the tectonic background, focal mechanism and distribution of aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008. The earthquake is considered to be the result of long-term interaction between the eastward movement of the Bayan Har Block and the Sichuan Basin. Most of the earthquake energy was released in an area （the seismic source body） 330kin long,52km wide and 20km deep over 100s. Energy release in the source body was extremely uneven, and strong ground motion in the epicenter area shows obvious asymmetrical character in the time and space scale. The high-intensity area is distributed along the source body, and the intensity distribution bears an obvious anomalous characteristic. The investigation results indicate that more than 90 percent of casualties caused by this earthquake were in the areas of intensity IX or above. Houses, schools and hospitals etc. suffered serious damage. Lifelines such as transportation, water conservation etc. also suffered significant damage. Besides, earthquake-triggered avalanches, landslides, mud-rock flows and so on were extremely serious. The tremendous earthquake disaster highlighted the deficiencies in disaster prevention and mitigation management, scientific earthquake research, technology and application of earthquake disaster prevention, and publicity of earthquake preparedness and disaster reduction.展开更多
Disasters including natural and manmade make heavy losses in life and property each year. This subject can affect society, economy, and environment and can be a serious threat for development. In 10 years ago over 200...Disasters including natural and manmade make heavy losses in life and property each year. This subject can affect society, economy, and environment and can be a serious threat for development. In 10 years ago over 200 million people are have been effected both life and property. This figure is seven times more than losses in war. After the earthquake in Bam （a city in south Iran）, tsunami in south-eastern of Asia, fire in Australia, and other disasters, the management of disaster has been considered more than before. They have tried to use all facilities and equipment for reduction of disaster damage. Over 80% of necessary data in disaster management are spatial data. Spatial data and advanced technologies have an important role in disaster management because Geographic Information System （GIS） can help in identifying disaster points. GIS combines geospatial data, and hardware, software that can analyze data to produce information. GIS mainly involves saving and analysis of data according to spatial and attribute data. GIS can combine and analyze spatial and non-spatial data .We have made an attempt to consider disasters management according to facilities and role of Geospatial Technology in control of disaster （especially earthquake）.展开更多
The increasing impact of disasters at local,national,regional and global scales in recent decades has provided enough evidence to urgently direct attention towards the necessity of disaster risk reduction and manageme...The increasing impact of disasters at local,national,regional and global scales in recent decades has provided enough evidence to urgently direct attention towards the necessity of disaster risk reduction and management,and this requires knowledge.Knowledge without communication is barren,and to communicate the risk of disaster it is necessary to understand the perception of the people at risk.In particular,this paper deals with the necessity to delineate strategies of risk communication in pursuance of risk knowledge as a core of disaster risk reduction and management,especially in mountain areas of developing countries.To portray this issue,an analysis of landslide risk perception in terms of experience,landslide risk awareness,exposure,preparedness,and risk communication and trust was undertaken in the municipality of Teziutlán,Puebla,Mexico,an area that has been affected for several decades by episodes of mass movement.Analysis of the responses to a risk perception questionnaire has offered valuable insights in terms of the information and knowledge most required by the people living in the area of interest,in order to devise a realistic and functional strategy to communicate the risk of a landslide disaster.This includes better understanding of controlling factorsand drivers of this risk,and the establishment of potential trusted sources of risk communication.Beyond considering practical matters of risk assessment and management,risk perception and communication can increase the resilience of vulnerable people,and can enhance capacity building for present and future generations.展开更多
Disasters have been defined as ecological disorders or emergencies, which lead to disease incidence, damage or injury and loss of property. Iran is located in a region prone to earthquake hazard and has faced several ...Disasters have been defined as ecological disorders or emergencies, which lead to disease incidence, damage or injury and loss of property. Iran is located in a region prone to earthquake hazard and has faced several tragic earthquakes in its history which have led to mortalities and destruction of natural and socio-economic resources. Several researches have shown the positive effect of training in decreasing negative impacts of disasters. In societies where people are properly trained and obtain necessary information about how to react in case of earthquake or other natural disasters, the rate of fatalities would be significantly decreased. Earthquake is not a preventable natural disaster. So the only way to decrease its negative consequences would be effective preparedness. Public training is the main way of enhancing the awareness to the whole society and is the core of disaster planning. In this research, the aim is to evaluate the effect of training on the knowledge and practice of people vulnerable to earthquakes.展开更多
文摘There is tremendous growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems(GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Remote Sensing, Satellite Communication, andModeling & Simulation techniques.These tools and techniques helps significantly in characterizinginfrastructure, risk area and disaster zones, planning and implementation ofhazards reduction measures etc.Communication satellites becomes vital for providingemergency communication and timely relief measures.Integration of space technologyinputs into natural disaster monitoring and mitigation mechanisms is critical for hazard reduction.This paper mainly focused on all the issues described above.Major emphasis hadbeen given to the recent developments in information & communication technology enabledtools and their applications in mining industries for safe mining operations with increasedproductivity.
基金sponsored by the National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAC13B01),China
文摘The paper introduces the tectonic background, focal mechanism and distribution of aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008. The earthquake is considered to be the result of long-term interaction between the eastward movement of the Bayan Har Block and the Sichuan Basin. Most of the earthquake energy was released in an area （the seismic source body） 330kin long,52km wide and 20km deep over 100s. Energy release in the source body was extremely uneven, and strong ground motion in the epicenter area shows obvious asymmetrical character in the time and space scale. The high-intensity area is distributed along the source body, and the intensity distribution bears an obvious anomalous characteristic. The investigation results indicate that more than 90 percent of casualties caused by this earthquake were in the areas of intensity IX or above. Houses, schools and hospitals etc. suffered serious damage. Lifelines such as transportation, water conservation etc. also suffered significant damage. Besides, earthquake-triggered avalanches, landslides, mud-rock flows and so on were extremely serious. The tremendous earthquake disaster highlighted the deficiencies in disaster prevention and mitigation management, scientific earthquake research, technology and application of earthquake disaster prevention, and publicity of earthquake preparedness and disaster reduction.
文摘Disasters including natural and manmade make heavy losses in life and property each year. This subject can affect society, economy, and environment and can be a serious threat for development. In 10 years ago over 200 million people are have been effected both life and property. This figure is seven times more than losses in war. After the earthquake in Bam （a city in south Iran）, tsunami in south-eastern of Asia, fire in Australia, and other disasters, the management of disaster has been considered more than before. They have tried to use all facilities and equipment for reduction of disaster damage. Over 80% of necessary data in disaster management are spatial data. Spatial data and advanced technologies have an important role in disaster management because Geographic Information System （GIS） can help in identifying disaster points. GIS combines geospatial data, and hardware, software that can analyze data to produce information. GIS mainly involves saving and analysis of data according to spatial and attribute data. GIS can combine and analyze spatial and non-spatial data .We have made an attempt to consider disasters management according to facilities and role of Geospatial Technology in control of disaster （especially earthquake）.
基金the financial support provided by CONACyT through the research project 156242
文摘The increasing impact of disasters at local,national,regional and global scales in recent decades has provided enough evidence to urgently direct attention towards the necessity of disaster risk reduction and management,and this requires knowledge.Knowledge without communication is barren,and to communicate the risk of disaster it is necessary to understand the perception of the people at risk.In particular,this paper deals with the necessity to delineate strategies of risk communication in pursuance of risk knowledge as a core of disaster risk reduction and management,especially in mountain areas of developing countries.To portray this issue,an analysis of landslide risk perception in terms of experience,landslide risk awareness,exposure,preparedness,and risk communication and trust was undertaken in the municipality of Teziutlán,Puebla,Mexico,an area that has been affected for several decades by episodes of mass movement.Analysis of the responses to a risk perception questionnaire has offered valuable insights in terms of the information and knowledge most required by the people living in the area of interest,in order to devise a realistic and functional strategy to communicate the risk of a landslide disaster.This includes better understanding of controlling factorsand drivers of this risk,and the establishment of potential trusted sources of risk communication.Beyond considering practical matters of risk assessment and management,risk perception and communication can increase the resilience of vulnerable people,and can enhance capacity building for present and future generations.
文摘Disasters have been defined as ecological disorders or emergencies, which lead to disease incidence, damage or injury and loss of property. Iran is located in a region prone to earthquake hazard and has faced several tragic earthquakes in its history which have led to mortalities and destruction of natural and socio-economic resources. Several researches have shown the positive effect of training in decreasing negative impacts of disasters. In societies where people are properly trained and obtain necessary information about how to react in case of earthquake or other natural disasters, the rate of fatalities would be significantly decreased. Earthquake is not a preventable natural disaster. So the only way to decrease its negative consequences would be effective preparedness. Public training is the main way of enhancing the awareness to the whole society and is the core of disaster planning. In this research, the aim is to evaluate the effect of training on the knowledge and practice of people vulnerable to earthquakes.
