The Huangshui River,an important tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,has been regarded as a mother river which gestates Qinghai civilization in China.This paper presents the results of hydrogen and oxyg...The Huangshui River,an important tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,has been regarded as a mother river which gestates Qinghai civilization in China.This paper presents the results of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic and water chemical analyses for the summer and winter Huangshui River water to study its seasonal recharge and major dissolved solutes.Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that precipitation in the Qilian Mountains is the original recharge of the Huangshui River.However,in winter,the basic flow of the Huangshui River only depends on spring recharge and spring water originates from melt and infiltration of bottom layer glaciers.In summer,besides spring water,much rainfall directly recharges the Huangshui River,thus making its flux increase greatly.Water chemistry shows that the processes affecting dissolved solutes in the Huangshui River are also different between summer and winter.In summer,major ions in the river water are dominantly derived from carbonate and evaporate dissolution and anthropogenic inputs.In winter,carbonate dissolution decreases greatly while anthropogenic inputs play a much more important role for dissolved solutes in the river.Hence,further measures should be taken to lay stress on the winter Huangshui River water in order to protect the environment of the Huangshui River and reduce effects of dissolved solutes on,or prevent their pollution toward the upper Yellow River.Moreover,some measures also need to be introduced to prevent the possibility of water eutrophication caused by agricultural activities or stock raising in summer.展开更多
The Yingjisu Sag was petroliferous for normal oil, condensate oil, reservoir bitumen and natural gases. Geochemical studies showed that natural gases in the Yingjisu Sag were a gas mixture consisting mainly of Cambria...The Yingjisu Sag was petroliferous for normal oil, condensate oil, reservoir bitumen and natural gases. Geochemical studies showed that natural gases in the Yingjisu Sag were a gas mixture consisting mainly of Cambrian pyrolysis gas, Jurassic condensate oil in well Yingnan 2 and normal oil in well Tadong 2, reflecting the characteristics of marine-phase gases and oils, while crude oils in well Longkou 1 demonstrated the characteristics of both marine and terrestrial oils, which were derived from lower algae and higher plants. Jurassic oils from wells Longkou 1 and Huayingcan 1 and Cambrian crude oils from well Tadong 2 were derived mainly from Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks. Jurassic and Silurian reservoir bitumens from well Yingnan 2 were biodegradated, suggesting they are of marine and terrestrial origins. The bitumens have similar geochemical characteristics, which are correlated well with Ordovician crude oils from well Tadong 2 and Jurassic condensate oil from well Yingnan 2. Based on the characteristics of tectonic evolution in this area and the analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation, the constraints on the mixed source and hydrocarbon filling process in the Yingjisu Sag were brought forward.展开更多
Systematical studies of post-collisional igneous rocks in the Dabie orogen suggest that the thickened mafic lower crust of the orogen was partially melted to form low-Mg#adakitic rocks at 143–131 Ma.Delamination and ...Systematical studies of post-collisional igneous rocks in the Dabie orogen suggest that the thickened mafic lower crust of the orogen was partially melted to form low-Mg#adakitic rocks at 143–131 Ma.Delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust occurred at 130 Ma,which caused the mantle upwelling and following mafic and granitic magmatic intrusions.Migmatite in the North Dabie zone,coeval with the formation of low-Mg#adakitic intrusions in the Dabie orogen,was formed by partial melting of exhumed ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks at middle crustal level.This paper argues that the partial melting of thickened lower and middle crust before mountain-root collapse needs lithospheric thinning.Based on the geothermal gradient of6.6°C/km for lithospheric mantle and initial partial melting temperature of^1000°C for the lower mafic crust,it can be estimated that the thickness of lithospheric mantle beneath thickened lower crust has been thinned to<45 km when the thickened lower crust was melting.Thus,a two-stage model for mountain-root removal is proposed.First,the lithospheric mantle keel was partially removal by mantle convection at 145 Ma.Loss of the lower lithosphere would increase heat flow into the base of the crust and would cause middle-lower crustal melting.Second,partial melting of the thickened lower crust has weakened the lower crust and increased its gravity instability,thus triggering delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust or mountain-root collapse.Therefore,convective removal and delamination of the thickened lower crust as two mechanisms of lithospheric thinning are related to causality.展开更多
This work studies new petrological and geochemical data and zircon U-Pb ages for bimodal intrusive rocks from Xinglong region, Hainan Island. Zircon U-Pb dating yields mean 238 U/ 206 Pb ages of 238 ± 2 Ma and 23...This work studies new petrological and geochemical data and zircon U-Pb ages for bimodal intrusive rocks from Xinglong region, Hainan Island. Zircon U-Pb dating yields mean 238 U/ 206 Pb ages of 238 ± 2 Ma and 234 ± 2 Ma for diabasic and granitic phases, respectively, representing the Middle Triassic emplacement. The diabase and granite bodies were formed from discrete mafic and acidic magma sources that experienced local mechanical mixing at their mutual contacts. Although SiO 2 content of intrusions is bimodal, trace element ratios indicate that both were formed in a post-orogenic extensional setting. Sr-Nd isotopic composition reflects a shared EMII type enriched mantle source component, possibly influenced by subduction-fluid metasomatism.展开更多
To better understand the Pan-African-early Paleozoic tectonothermal events of the Nyainrong microcontinent and the constraints on its tectonic evolution,here we report the results of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and g...To better understand the Pan-African-early Paleozoic tectonothermal events of the Nyainrong microcontinent and the constraints on its tectonic evolution,here we report the results of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and geochemical features of Amdo gneiss in the Nyainrong microcontinent.The outcrops of Amdo gneiss is about 30 km south of Amdo County in northern Tibet.The field occurrence,mineral composition,textural characteristics,and whole-rock geochemical features of the four gneiss samples indicate the protolith of the gneisses is intermediate-acid intrusive rock.Gneiss zircon trace element tracing and genetic analysis shows that zircon has typical characteristics of magmatic zircon.The206Pb/238U concordant age of zircon is505–517 Ma,corresponding to the Middle-Late Cambrian,which is the formation age of the protolith.The samples have characteristics of high silicon,alkali-rich,alkalic rate AR=1.73–3.7,the differentiation index DI=70.78–90.28;rock aluminum saturation index ranges from 1.02 to 1.05,FeO/MgO ranges from 2.63 to 4.50,10000×Ga/Al ranges from 2.12 to 2.41,and P2O5and Al2O3content decreased with SiO2increasing.Th and Y contents have a good positive correlation with Rb content;the genetic type of protolith of the gneiss is the differentiation of subalkaline over aluminum I-type granite.Combined with regional data,the tectonic setting of the Amdo gneiss protolith is closely related to the collision orogenic process.The preliminary view is that the Middle-Late Cambrian magmatic events developed on the microcontinent could be the result of Andeantype orogeny along the Gondwana super-continental margin after the end of the Pan-African orogeny.展开更多
文摘The Huangshui River,an important tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,has been regarded as a mother river which gestates Qinghai civilization in China.This paper presents the results of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic and water chemical analyses for the summer and winter Huangshui River water to study its seasonal recharge and major dissolved solutes.Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that precipitation in the Qilian Mountains is the original recharge of the Huangshui River.However,in winter,the basic flow of the Huangshui River only depends on spring recharge and spring water originates from melt and infiltration of bottom layer glaciers.In summer,besides spring water,much rainfall directly recharges the Huangshui River,thus making its flux increase greatly.Water chemistry shows that the processes affecting dissolved solutes in the Huangshui River are also different between summer and winter.In summer,major ions in the river water are dominantly derived from carbonate and evaporate dissolution and anthropogenic inputs.In winter,carbonate dissolution decreases greatly while anthropogenic inputs play a much more important role for dissolved solutes in the river.Hence,further measures should be taken to lay stress on the winter Huangshui River water in order to protect the environment of the Huangshui River and reduce effects of dissolved solutes on,or prevent their pollution toward the upper Yellow River.Moreover,some measures also need to be introduced to prevent the possibility of water eutrophication caused by agricultural activities or stock raising in summer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40502013)
文摘The Yingjisu Sag was petroliferous for normal oil, condensate oil, reservoir bitumen and natural gases. Geochemical studies showed that natural gases in the Yingjisu Sag were a gas mixture consisting mainly of Cambrian pyrolysis gas, Jurassic condensate oil in well Yingnan 2 and normal oil in well Tadong 2, reflecting the characteristics of marine-phase gases and oils, while crude oils in well Longkou 1 demonstrated the characteristics of both marine and terrestrial oils, which were derived from lower algae and higher plants. Jurassic oils from wells Longkou 1 and Huayingcan 1 and Cambrian crude oils from well Tadong 2 were derived mainly from Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks. Jurassic and Silurian reservoir bitumens from well Yingnan 2 were biodegradated, suggesting they are of marine and terrestrial origins. The bitumens have similar geochemical characteristics, which are correlated well with Ordovician crude oils from well Tadong 2 and Jurassic condensate oil from well Yingnan 2. Based on the characteristics of tectonic evolution in this area and the analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation, the constraints on the mixed source and hydrocarbon filling process in the Yingjisu Sag were brought forward.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB825002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40773013 and 91014007)
文摘Systematical studies of post-collisional igneous rocks in the Dabie orogen suggest that the thickened mafic lower crust of the orogen was partially melted to form low-Mg#adakitic rocks at 143–131 Ma.Delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust occurred at 130 Ma,which caused the mantle upwelling and following mafic and granitic magmatic intrusions.Migmatite in the North Dabie zone,coeval with the formation of low-Mg#adakitic intrusions in the Dabie orogen,was formed by partial melting of exhumed ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks at middle crustal level.This paper argues that the partial melting of thickened lower and middle crust before mountain-root collapse needs lithospheric thinning.Based on the geothermal gradient of6.6°C/km for lithospheric mantle and initial partial melting temperature of^1000°C for the lower mafic crust,it can be estimated that the thickness of lithospheric mantle beneath thickened lower crust has been thinned to<45 km when the thickened lower crust was melting.Thus,a two-stage model for mountain-root removal is proposed.First,the lithospheric mantle keel was partially removal by mantle convection at 145 Ma.Loss of the lower lithosphere would increase heat flow into the base of the crust and would cause middle-lower crustal melting.Second,partial melting of the thickened lower crust has weakened the lower crust and increased its gravity instability,thus triggering delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust or mountain-root collapse.Therefore,convective removal and delamination of the thickened lower crust as two mechanisms of lithospheric thinning are related to causality.
基金supported China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2011M500991)Basic Scientific Research Specific Foundation of Second Insitute of Oceanography, SIO (Grant No. JT1104)
文摘This work studies new petrological and geochemical data and zircon U-Pb ages for bimodal intrusive rocks from Xinglong region, Hainan Island. Zircon U-Pb dating yields mean 238 U/ 206 Pb ages of 238 ± 2 Ma and 234 ± 2 Ma for diabasic and granitic phases, respectively, representing the Middle Triassic emplacement. The diabase and granite bodies were formed from discrete mafic and acidic magma sources that experienced local mechanical mixing at their mutual contacts. Although SiO 2 content of intrusions is bimodal, trace element ratios indicate that both were formed in a post-orogenic extensional setting. Sr-Nd isotopic composition reflects a shared EMII type enriched mantle source component, possibly influenced by subduction-fluid metasomatism.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41072166 and 41272240)Program of China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.1212011121248,1212011221093)
文摘To better understand the Pan-African-early Paleozoic tectonothermal events of the Nyainrong microcontinent and the constraints on its tectonic evolution,here we report the results of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and geochemical features of Amdo gneiss in the Nyainrong microcontinent.The outcrops of Amdo gneiss is about 30 km south of Amdo County in northern Tibet.The field occurrence,mineral composition,textural characteristics,and whole-rock geochemical features of the four gneiss samples indicate the protolith of the gneisses is intermediate-acid intrusive rock.Gneiss zircon trace element tracing and genetic analysis shows that zircon has typical characteristics of magmatic zircon.The206Pb/238U concordant age of zircon is505–517 Ma,corresponding to the Middle-Late Cambrian,which is the formation age of the protolith.The samples have characteristics of high silicon,alkali-rich,alkalic rate AR=1.73–3.7,the differentiation index DI=70.78–90.28;rock aluminum saturation index ranges from 1.02 to 1.05,FeO/MgO ranges from 2.63 to 4.50,10000×Ga/Al ranges from 2.12 to 2.41,and P2O5and Al2O3content decreased with SiO2increasing.Th and Y contents have a good positive correlation with Rb content;the genetic type of protolith of the gneiss is the differentiation of subalkaline over aluminum I-type granite.Combined with regional data,the tectonic setting of the Amdo gneiss protolith is closely related to the collision orogenic process.The preliminary view is that the Middle-Late Cambrian magmatic events developed on the microcontinent could be the result of Andeantype orogeny along the Gondwana super-continental margin after the end of the Pan-African orogeny.
