地理信息在社会经济统计和普查中的作用

重点阐述地理信息在统计工作中特别是在国家社会经济普查中的作用,并就测绘数据和技术在经济普查工作中的应用提出设想。

基于地理格网的地理国情信息统计分析初探

地理格网是对地球表面按一定数学规则进行科学划分而形成的格网系统和建立统一格网与编码索引体系的技术。基于地理格网对地理国情信息按几何类型进行统计与分析,形成了以格网为基础的地理国情信息,实现地理国情信息以不同格网单元为基础的空间分布统计与研究。

社会经济统计地理信息系统中元数据的研究

参考《中华人民共和国国家标准地理信息元数据ISO 19115:2003》、《中国科学院科学数据库核心元数据标准INF105-SDB-2-105:2004》,构建出社会经济统计信息元数据。利用元数据驱动技术,对分布、异构、多时段的社会经济统计数据进行整合,实现了G IS数据与统计数据的有效融合,满足了系统自适应统计数据不断变化的需求,促进了统计信息化和统计信息产业化。该方法已经成功应用于863课题"国家社会经济统计地理信息系统建设"中。

统计地理信息系统设计、实现及运用问题初探

建立统计地理信息系统,为高质量地完成各项普查工作奠定基础,同时加强对系统的管理和维护工作,确保系统正常运行,让普查工作走上系统化、规范化的轨道,向社会公众提供更加直观、快捷、高效的服务,全面提高统计服务社会的科学化水平。

试论统计地理信息系统的构建与功能

统计地理信息系统是一个将传统统计工作与地理信息系统平台相结合的一个应用平台,已被很多国家采用,并发挥着巨大的作用。这种有别于传统统计手段的新平台整合了统计部门的所有数据,并集数据采集、存储、展示和分析为一体,将对传统统计模式带来冲击。

理正统计综合地理信息系统——让统计数据“活”起来

引言 将统计信息与地理信息相融合,不但可以对特征对象提供地理信息查询,并可以对它们按地理分布进行统计分析,这样就可以使决策者从更高的角度全面、直观地审视城市发展的态势,提高统揽全局的决策能力,从而使决策更加信息化、科学化.

统计地理空间框架建设的国际经验及对中国的启示

为了更好地整合统计地理空间信息,联合国成立了统计和地理信息整合专家组,目标是推进全球统计地理空间框架的实施.全球统计地理空间框架为各国提供了通用的标准和方法,以促进统计和地理空间信息的整合,并提高了结合空间信息的统计数据的可用性,让统计更好地服务于决策.本文介绍了构成统计地理空间框架五项原则的具体内容和相关国际经验,并分析了国内实施框架的基础条件、有利因素和困难.建议国家统计局在今后的普查和统计调查中,参照全球统计地理空间框架原则,加强统计和地理信息的整合,并提出了具体措施.

高等师范院校地理计算课程体系的构建

本文分析计量地理运动的兴衰对我国高等师范院校地理教育专业定量课程开设的影响,论述了数学方法对地理学的重要作用,提出了重新恢复和开设地理计算课程的必要性和已具备的条件,构建了地理计算课程体系。认为用地理信息统计学代替原来开设计量地理学。引进地理学中的数学方法这门课程,根据内容的难易分成两个系列课程。

基于GIS的统计时空数据组织和查询研究

在统计地理信息系统中,统计数据的时空特征是较难解决的问题,本文研究一种能有效实现统计时空数据组织和查询的方法。首先介绍了时空数据模型的研究现状,分析了在统计地理信息系统中空间数据和属性数据的时空特征;然后在此基础上提出了一种利用面向对象的时空数据模型对统计数据组织的方法,并介绍了在数据库中的实现方法;最后分析了在统计地理信息系统中最常见的几种时空查询算法,并介绍了具体实现过程。通过程序实现证明,本文提出的方法能够较好地存储长期的统计数据并实现统计数据的快速查询、时间序列查询等时空查询问题。

Application of GIS to Estimate Soil Erosion Using RUSLE

This paper describes the use of the Arc/Info and ArcView GIS tools to estimate soil erosion with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).Calculations are be done by using capabilities available.This study start with a digital elevation model (DEM) of Shaanxi,which was created by digitizing contour and spot heights from the topographic map on 1∶250 000 scale and grid themes for the USLE K and C factors.It is note worthy that USLE K can be obtained by adding the K factor as an attribute to a soil theme’s table.The C can be obtained from tables or using the information about land use and management given by USLE program.A land use theme can be used to add the C factors as an attribute field.The purpose of this study is to establish spatial information of soil erosion using USLE and GIS and discuss the analysis of the soil erosion and slope failures in GIS and formulate the possible framework.

Low-cost cloud computing solution for geo-information processing

Cloud computing has emerged as a leading computing paradigm,with an increasing number of geographic information(geo-information) processing tasks now running on clouds.For this reason,geographic information system/remote sensing(GIS/RS) researchers rent more public clouds or establish more private clouds.However,a large proportion of these clouds are found to be underutilized,since users do not deal with big data every day.The low usage of cloud resources violates the original intention of cloud computing,which is to save resources by improving usage.In this work,a low-cost cloud computing solution was proposed for geo-information processing,especially for temporary processing tasks.The proposed solution adopted a hosted architecture and can be realized based on ordinary computers in a common GIS/RS laboratory.The usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed solution was demonstrated by using big data simplification as a case study.Compared to commercial public clouds and dedicated private clouds,the proposed solution is more low-cost and resource-saving,and is more suitable for GIS/RS applications.

Component-based Topological Data Model for Three-dimensional Geology Modeling

On the study of the basic characteristics of geological objects and the special requirement for computing 3D geological model, this paper gives an object-oriented 3D topologic data model. In this model, the geological objects are divided into four object classes: point, line, area and volume. The volume class is further divided into four subclasses: the composite volume, the complex volume, the simple volume and the component. Twelve kinds of topological relations and the related data structures are designed for the geological objects.

Rocky Desertification Risk Zone Delineation in Karst Plateau Area:A Case Study in Puding County,Guizhou Province

Karst rocky desertification is a geo-ecological problem in Southwest China. The rocky desertification risk zone delineation could be used as a guide for the regional and hierarchical rocky desertification management and prevention. We chose the middle and lower reaches of the Houzhai underground basin on the karst plateau in Puding County, Guizhou Province, China as the study area and selected land use type, elevation, slope, aspect, lithology and settlement buffer as the main driving factors of the rocky desertification. The potential risk of rocky desertification was quantifed with the factor-weights union method and statistical analysis method. Five grades of rocky desertification risk were delineated based on Geographic Information System. The extremely low, low, moderate, high and extremely high rocky desertification risk zones accounted for 5.01%, 44.17%, 33.92%, 15.59% and 1.30%, respectively. As a whole, the rocky desertification risk level was moderate because the area of low and moderate rocky desertification risk zones occupied 78.09% of the study area. However, more than half of the area （about 50.81%） was predicted to have moderate rocky desertification risk and above, indicating that the study area was subject to rocky desertification. Rocky desertification risk was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest of the study area. Distinct differences in the distribution of rocky desertification risk zones corresponding to different factors have been found.

Quality Assessment of Attribute Data in GIS Based on Simple Random Sampling

On the basis of the principles of simple random sampling, the statistical model of rate of disfigurement (RD) is put forward and described in detail. According to the definition of simple random sampling for the attribute data in GIS, the mean and variance of the RD are deduced as the characteristic value of the statistical model in order to explain the feasibility of the accuracy measurement of the attribute data in GIS by using the RD. Moreover, on the basis of the mean and variance of the RD, the quality assessment method for attribute data of vector maps during the data collecting is discussed. The RD spread graph is also drawn to see whether the quality of the attribute data is under control. The RD model can synthetically judge the quality of attribute data, which is different from other measurement coefficients that only discuss accuracy of classification.

An Integrated and Layered Architecture for Location-Aware Computing

This paper gives an overall introduction to the basic concept of LAC(location-aware computing) and its development status, puts forward an integrated location-aware computing architecture which is useful for designing the reasonable logical model of LBS(location-based service). Finally, a brief introduction is conducted on a LAC experimental prototype, which acts as a mobile urban tourism assistant.

A simple method to extract glacier length based on Digital Elevation Model and glacier boundaries for simple basin type glacier

Glacier length is a key morphological element that has many glaciological applications; however, it is often difficult to determine, especially for glaciers that cover larger spatial areas or those that exhibit frequent temporal change. In this paper, we describe a new Arc GIS-based method that can derive glacier flow lines for determining glacier length based on digital elevation model and glacier outlines. This method involves(1) extraction of the highest and lowest points on a glacier,(2) calculation of 10-m contour lines on the glacier from 10 m to 100 m height, and(3) connection of the midpoints of each contour line with the highest and the lowest points in order to create a flow line, which is subsequently smoothed. In order to assess the reliability of this method, we tested the algorithm's results against flow lines calculated using field measurements, analysing data from the Chinese Glacier Inventory, and manual interpretation. These data showed that the new automated method is effective in deriving glacier flow lines when contour lines are relatively large; in particular, when they are between 70 m and 100 m. Nonetheless, a key limitation of the algorithm is the requirement to automatically delete repeated and closed curves in the pre-treatment processes. In addition to calculating glacier flow lines for derivation of glacier length, this method also can be used to effectively determine glacier terminus change.

SOIL SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL LAND USE OPTIMIZATION BY USING GIS

This paper discusses the methods and process of Geographic Information System (GIS) applied in soil spatial analysis, involving the collection of soil spatial data that GIS required, spatial analysis method of soil nutrient, land use, slope and exposure of geography, crop yield and other factors, and also including acquiring soil spatial information and creating thematic map, and so on. Taking Hengjing Town in Wuxian County of Jiangsu Province as a case study and the maximum income as a principle, and applying the GIS methods and their interrelated models, we have calculated the most optimized agricultural land and the possible maximum income of Hengjing Town. According to the method, we can rationally regulate local agricultural production, and put forward some scenarios for optimizing agricultural structure of Hengjing Town. The paper puts forward an evaluation method of land adaptability based on soil spatial analysis, and offers some research clews to optimize agricultural land use constitution, so the paper will be have important reference value for soil study.

Application of GML and SVG in the development of WebGIS

Our study deals with two major issues impacting current WebGIS development： interoperability of heterogeneous data and visualization of vector data on the Web. By using the combination of Geography Markup Language （GML）, Scalable Vector Graphics （SVG） and Web Feature Service （WFS） Implementation Specifications developed by the OpenGIS Consortium （OGC）, a strategy of WebGIS is proposed. The GML is used as a coding and data transportation mechanism to realize interoperability, the SVG to display GML data on the Web and the WFS as a data query mechanism to access and retrieve data at the feature level in real time on the Web. A case study shows that the combination mentioned above has enormous potential to achieve interoperability while not requiring considerable changes to existing legacy data. Original data formats need not be changed and could still be retrieved using WFS and transformed into GML in real time. SVG can oroduce suoerior ouality vector maps on a Web browser.

经济普查如何为发展地方经济服务

第一次全国经济普查全面准确地掌握了全国和地方二、三产业的发展规模、结构、效益等信息,在此基础上,通过基本单位名录库和统计地理信息系统,构建相应的经济监测、登记管理、信息咨询、信息发布和分析调研等五个平台对普查资料进行开发利用,从而在研究制定地方经济发展规划、优化区域经济结构、促进地方经济可持续发展和为社会公众提供信息服务等方面发挥重要作用.