浅析地理信息系统定位在城市燃气管网铺设中的应用

城市燃气管网铺设于城市道路和绿化带上,随着城市推进发展,城市道路不断扩宽,如何保障燃气管网的运行安全,不被破坏,是燃气企业的重要工作。本文主要探讨燃气管网安全的重要性、影响燃气管网安全运行的重要因素、燃气管网的定位方法和探测技术、地理信息系统及与新探测技术的结合应用等。

基于嵌入式地理信息系统与全球定位系统相结合的电力调度及运行系统的设计与应用

设计了基于嵌入式地理信息系统与全球定位系统(geographic information system and global positioning sys-tem,GIS/GPS)相结合的电力调度及运行系统。介绍GIS/GPS集成模式;基于嵌入式GIS/GPS的电力调度及运行系统的使用软件、组成部分、功能及优点;应用基于嵌入式GIS/GPS电力调度及运行系统的工作思路和注意事项。该系统可为调度员及相关运行人员提供全方位实时准确的电力线路运行情况和调度决策方案,解决调度员及相关运行人员数据掌握不全面、事故处理不及时等问题。

基于GIS与GPS智能化公路交通勘查系统的构建与应用

可视化方法可有效分析处理勘查设计的数据结果。传统公路勘查工作使用纸质化方式填写,存在多种问题,如测量精度不准确、时间长,导致勘查设计工作受到了影响。新信息技术的智能化发展改变了公路交通勘查方式,合理使用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)与全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)智能化技术,可以快速获取地形原始数据勘查相关数据,健全道路勘查设计内容,实现智能化手段对公路设计过程的支持以及对路网构建与应用。

空间信息技术是防洪减灾现代化的基础

我国洪涝灾害频繁,洪灾损失严重,防洪减灾将是一项长期而艰巨的任务。在防洪减灾研究中,必须积极引进当今最新科学技术成果,以高新技术改造水利这一传统产业,以水利信息化推动水利现代化。以遥感、地理信息系统和全球导航定位系统为支撑的空间信息技术可以广泛地应用于防洪减灾中,是防洪减灾现代化的基础。本文分析了空间信息技术在防洪减灾中的作用,并对空间信息技术在防洪减灾中的应用趋势作出展望。

基于GIS/GPS车辆监控系统实现及关键技术

为了更好的对道路上的各种车辆进行监控,文中就车辆监控系统给予了描述。车辆监控系统是一种集GPS、GIS、现代无线通信技术和计算机技术为一体的移动车辆综合服务系统。并介绍了车辆监控系统的整体结构和模块划分,设计了监控中心模块的主要功能,讨论了在监控中心模块设计中的关键技术。给出了一个道路匹配算法,该算法在实际工程运用中取得了良好的效果。同时还阐述了地图采编、道路发现、最短路径算法的实现方法和过程。

流程自动化的城市道路养护投诉系统设计及应用

为解决城市道路养护投诉中因投诉案卷分类错误、归属关系复杂和信息流转不及时等导致的业务处理响应速度慢和人力资源浪费等问题,提出一种流程自动化的城市道路养护投诉系统。选取K近邻(K-Nearest Neighbor,KNN)算法实现投诉案卷自动分类,基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)坐标定位转换技术实现案卷归属关系识别,从而实现投诉案卷自动派单和流程自动化处置。基于上海市浦东新区公路管理署提供的实际数据对该系统的有效性进行验证,结果表明,采用该系统之后,规定期限内投诉的结案率达到97.3%,投诉处理工作的效率和质量得到有效提升,对交通行业涉及地理位置和分类的投诉业务处理有一定的借鉴意义。

科技支撑下农业保险的精细化管理及服务

农业保险快速发展的同时,市场的"粗放性"特征日益凸显,引发道德风险、逆选择,频现虚假承保、虚假理赔等问题,严重影响了农业保险的声誉和可持续发展。为了改善和提升农业保险的管理及服务水平,一方面需要机制与制度的创新,另一方面还需要依靠现代化的科技手段作为支撑。从产品创新、科学定价、精确承保和准确理赔4个视角出发,深入介绍风险识别与分析技术、风险评估与区划技术、按图精确承保技术和多尺度勘查定损技术4项关键支撑技术,期望运用这些技术全面提升农业保险的精细化管理及服务,推动农业保险的长久健康发展。

Design and Implementation of WebGIS-based GPS Vehicle Monitoring System

This paper develops a WebGIS\|based GPS vehicle monitoring system with typical three\|tier application architecture of B/S pattern. It provides ordinary registered users with a valid and convenient means to get access to real\|time GPS location information of certain moving vehicles at any place, and further offers a powerful tool for super users to manage user information and remotely monitor those vehicles and provide corresponding services timely if necessary. The system architecture, function modules, key technologies and application interfaces are given. Finally, the validity of our system is demonstrated in practical cases.

Applications of RS, GIS and GPS technologies in research, inventory and management of wetlands in China

This paper introduces the state of waterlands in China and discribes the applications of Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographical Information System （G1S） and Global Positioning System （GPS） in wetland research, including land-coverclassification and change detection, wetland evolutionary processes, landscape-change analyses, channel migration, flood and wetlands resource monitoring and spatial quantitative analyses/modeling, ecosystem service evaluation, ecological processes and risk assessments, disease control, water quality monitoring/modeling, pollution monitoring/modeling, wetlands hydrology, wetland information systems and WebGIS. The limitations and needs for optimal use of these technologies are discussed, such as the limited advanced technical knowledge and skills, low awareness and capacity, unclear link between GIS output and policy making, lack of supporting policies and standards, lack of a wetlands geo-information networklimite, and the use of these techniques in wetland research. It is suggested that for realising true applications of RS, GIS and GPS technologies, the availability, accessibility, reliability, homogeneity, and continuity of wetlands-related geo-information enabling environment, policies and standards, and funding are needed.

Situation and Development Tendency of Indoor Positioning

This paper introduces the significance of indoor positioning and analyzes the related problems. The latest research on indoor positioning is introduced. Further, the positioning accuracy and the cost of typical local and wide area indoor positioning systems are compared. The results of the comparison show that Time & Code Division-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (TC-OFDM) is a system that can achieve real-time meter-accuracy of indoor positioning in a wide area. Finally, in this paper, we indicate that the seamless high-accuracy indoor positioning in a wide area is the development trend of indoor positioning. The seamless Location Based Services (LBS) architecture based on a heterogeneous network, key technologies in indoor positioning for decimeter-accuracy and seamless outdoor and indoor Geographic Information System (GIS) are elaborated as the most important research fields of future indoor positioning.

Assessment of rice fields by GIS／GPS-supported classification of MODIS data

The new Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite image offers a large choice of opportunities for operational applications. The 1-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) image is not suitable for retrieval of field level parameter and Landsat data are not frequent enough for monitoring changes in crop parameters during the critical crop growth periods.A methodology to map areas of paddy fields using MODIS,geographic information system (GIS) and global position system (GPS) is introduced in this paper. Training samples are selected and located with the help of GPS to provide maximal accuracy.A concept of assessing areas of potential cultivation of rice is suggested by means of GIS integration. By integration of MODIS with GIS and GPS technologies the actual areas of rice fields in 2002 have been mapped. The classification accuracy was 95.7% percent compared with the statistical data of the Agricultural Bureau of Zhejiang Province.

Signal Path Reckoning Localization Method in Multipath Environment

In the wireless localization application, multipath propagation seriously affects the localization accuracy. This paper presents two algorithms to solve the multipath problem. Firstly, we improve the Line of Possible Mobile Device(LPMD) algorithm by optimizing the utilization of the direct paths for single-bound scattering scenario. Secondly, the signal path reckoning method with the assistance of geographic information system is proposed to solve the problem of localization with multi-bound scattering paths. With the building model's idealization, the proposed method refers to the idea of ray tracing and dead reckoning. According to the rule of wireless signal reflection, the signal propagation path is reckoned using the measurements of emission angle and propagation distance, and then the estimated location can be obtained. Simulation shows that the proposed method obtains better results than the existing geometric localization methods in multipath environment when the angle error is controlled.

GiT-based structural geologic feature analysis of the southern segment of Longmenshan fault zone for earthquake evidence

The Longmenshan fault is a thrust fault which runs along the base of the Longmen Mountains in Siehuan province, southwestern China. The southern segment of the fault had two distinct responses to the Ms 8 Wenehuan and Ms 7 Lushan earthquakes. This study determines characteristics of the structural geology of the Longmenshan fault to evaluate how it influenced the two aforementioned earthquakes. This research was done within a Geo- information Technologies （GiT） environment based on multi-source remote sensing and crustal movement data extracted from the Global Positioning System （GPS）. The spatial distribution of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was comprehensively analyzed to study both earthquakes. The study revealed that the Wenehuan and Lushan earthquakes occurred on two relatively independent faults. In addition, there was a nearly constant-velocity crustal movement zone between the two epicenters that probably had a compressive stress with slow motion. Furthermore, the central fault and a mountain back fault gradually merged from north to south. The Lushan earthquake of the Wenchuan earthquake. was not an affershock The research showed that fault zones within 30-50 km of State Highway 318 are intensive and complex. In addition, crustal movement velocity decreased rapidly, with a strong multi-directional shear zone. Thus, activity in that zone was likely stronger than in the northern part over the medium to long term.

Crop Diversity Measurement at Dufuya Gardens and Insukamini Irrigation Scheme in Lower Gweru Communal Lands

Dufuya wetland gardens and Insukamini irrigation scheme in Lower Gweru communal areas of Gweru district are two examples of how rural communities can be self-reliant if they are capacitated. This study sought to compare crop diversity between these two vegetable producing schemes. The location of the two areas and the selected plots were determined using the GPS （global positioning system） hand receiver. Maps of the quadrants were produced in a GIS （geographic information system） on a computer. Simpson＇s index D = sum （pi2） was used to measure crop diversity while the Shannon-Weiner index （/4） was used to measure crop evenness. Results show that although both schemes are viable, Dufuya Gardens have higher crop diversity than Insukamini irrigation scheme. The study recommends that AGRITEX officers at Insukamini must advise farmers to diversify their crops in order for their produce to be more competitive on the market and also to cushion farmers against the effects of natural hazards. Given the success of the two schemes, the government must seriously consider sustainable utilization of the many small-scale dams and wetlands lying idle across the country for crop production in order to empower poor rural communities as well as alleviate poverty.