新课程背景下的地理“问·思·辨”课堂构建与实践

教学主张是教育者对教学规律本质的认识与把握,支配教育教学行为。基于对地理学科教学本质规律的认识与把握,以及新课程改革思想和新高考评价体系目标要求,提出地理教学“问·思·辨”主张。旨在培育学生善于从多角度观察、思考、发现地理问题,主动灵活运用地理知识分析和解决地理问题,培育批判性和创新性的思维方式和地理科学思辨品质,从而利于学生构建全面合理的知识结构,提升学科能力,养成健全的人格素养。

Optimum mining method selection using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process–Qapiliq salt mine,Iran

Mining method selection is the first and the most critical problem in mine design and depends on some parameters such as geotechnical and geological features and economic and geographic factors. In this paper, the factors affecting mining method selection are determined. These factors include shape, thick- ness, depth, slope, RMR and RSS of the orebody, RMR and RSS of the hanging wall and footwall. Then, the priorities of these factors are calculated. In order to calculate the priorities of factors and select the best mining method for Qapiliq salt mine, Iran, based on these priorities, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process （AHP） technique is used. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and was given to the associated experts. Finally, after a comparison carried out based on the effective factors, between the four mining methods including area mining, room and pillar, cut and fill and stope and pillar methods, the stope and nillar mining method was selected as the most suitable method to this mine.

The Food We WastemMaterial and Ethical Issues in Geography

Global food supply has for a long time been regarded as only a problem of food production. Since the turn of the century, however, other aspects have entered the debate, such as improving food quality, changing eating habits and avoiding food waste. The latter topic has become the subject of attention for the past I0 years and the interest in it has steadily grown. This paper focuses on food waste within the overall context. Apart from the purely quantitative （material） aspects, it draws our attention to the immaterial side of waste, which has to do with our value system. It hopes to sharpen our minds towards a responsible way of dealing with resources

Spatial Analysis of Commuting Mode Choice in Guangzhou, China

Metropolitan cities in China are commonly confronted with unresolved traffic congestion issues, primarily due to rapidly increasing traffic demand. Group disparity between commuting mode choice and its spatial distribution on road networks has enabled us to examine the factors that give rise to the discrepancies and the fundamental spatial causes of traffic congestion. In recent years, mi- cro-perspective, individual, and behavior-based spatial analysis have mushroomed and been facilitated with effective tools such as tem- poral geographic information systems （T-GIS）. It is difficult to study the interrelations between transport and space on the basis of commuting mode choice since the mode choice data are invisible in a specific space such as a particular road network. Therefore, in the field of transport, the classical origin destination （OD） four-stage model （FSM） is usually employed to calculate data when studying commuting mode choice. Based on the relative principles of T-GIS and the platform of ArcGIS, this paper considers Guangzhou as a case study and develops a spatio-temporal tool to examine the daily activities of residents. Meanwhile, the traffic volume distribution in rush hours, which was analyzed according to commuting modes and how they were reflected in the road network, was scrutinized with data extracted from travel diaries. Moreover, efforts were made to explain the relationship between traffic demand and urban spatial structure. Based on the investigation, this research indicates that traffic volumes in divergent groups and on the road networks is driven by： l） the socio-economie characteristics of travelers; 2） a jobs-housing imbalance under suburbanization; 3） differences in the spatial supply of transport modes; 4） the remains of the Danwei （work unit） system and market development in China; and 5） the transition of urban spatial structure and other factors.

Application of extension theory in risk zoning of debris flow in Beijing

The occurrence of debris flow is affected by many factors. Risk zoning of debris flow plays a vital role in the early-warning and prediction of abrupt geological hazards, and exploration of new method is needed in the early-warning and prediction of geological hazards. The extension theory is a new method to solve contradiction matters. Based on extension theory, AHP and GIS, the risk zoning model of debris flow was established in this paper. The result of this research provides a new way in the risk zoning, early-warning and prediction of debris flow

Swarm intelligence optimization and its application in geophysical data inversion

The inversions of complex geophysical data always solve multi-parameter, nonlinear, and multimodal optimization problems. Searching for the optimal inversion solutions is similar to the social behavior observed in swarms such as birds and ants when searching for food. In this article, first the particle swarm optimization algorithm was described in detail, and ant colony algorithm improved. Then the methods were applied to three different kinds of geophysical inversion problems： （1） a linear problem which is sensitive to noise, （2） a synchronous inversion of linear and nonlinear problems, and （3） a nonlinear problem. The results validate their feasibility and efficiency. Compared with the conventional genetic algorithm and simulated annealing, they have the advantages of higher convergence speed and accuracy. Compared with the quasi-Newton method and Levenberg-Marquardt method, they work better with the ability to overcome the locally optimal solutions.

Hybridizing artificial bee colony with biogeography-based optimization for constrained mechanical design problems

A novel hybrid algorithm named ABC-BBO, which integrates artificial bee colony(ABC) algorithm with biogeography-based optimization(BBO) algorithm, is proposed to solve constrained mechanical design problems. ABC-BBO combined the exploration of ABC algorithm with the exploitation of BBO algorithm effectively, and hence it can generate the promising candidate individuals. The proposed hybrid algorithm speeds up the convergence and improves the algorithm's performance. Several benchmark test functions and mechanical design problems are applied to verifying the effects of these improvements and it is demonstrated that the performance of this proposed ABC-BBO is superior to or at least highly competitive with other population-based optimization approaches.

The P-Median Problem： A Tabu Search Approximation Proposal Applied to Districts

P-median is one of the most important Location-Allocation problems. This problem determines the location of facilities and assigns demand points to them. The p-median problem can be established as a discrete problem in graph terms as： Let G = （V, E） be an undirected graph where V is the set of n vertices and E is the set of edges with an associated weight that can be the distance between the vertices dij= d（vi, Vj） for every i, j =1,...,n in accordance to the determined metric, with the distances a symmetric matrix is formed, finding Vp∈ V such that ｜ Vp｜∈ = p, where p can be either variable or fixed, and the sum of the shortest distances from the vertices in {V-Vp} to their closet vertex in Vp is reduced to the minimum. Under these conditions the P-median problem is a combinatory optimization problem that belongs to the NP-hard class and the approximation methods have been of great aid in recent years because of this. In this point, we have chosen data from OR-Library [1] and we have tested three algorithms that have given good results for geographical data （Simulated Annealing, Variable Neighborhood Search, Bioinspired Variable Neighborhood Search and a Tabu Search-VNS Hybrid （TS-VNS）. However, the partitioning method PAM （Partitioning Around Medoids）, that is modeled like the P-median, attained similar results along with TS-VNS but better results than the other metaheuristics for the OR-Library instances, in a favorable computing time, however for bigger instances that represent real states in Mexico, TS-VNS has surpassed PAM in time and quality in all instances. In this work we expose the behavior of these five different algorithms for the test matrices from OR-Library and real geographical data from Mexico. Furthermore, we made an analysis with the goal of explaining the quality of the results obtained to conclude that PAM behaves with efficiency for the OR-Library instances but is overcome by the hybrid when applied to real instances. On the other hand we have tested the 2 best algorithms （PAM and TS-VNS） with geographic data geographic from Jalisco, Queretaro and Nuevo Leon. In this point, as we said before, their performance was different than the OR-Library tests. The algorithm that attains the best results is TS-VNS.

Study on spatial temporal model in property management information system

Time is an important dimension for information in the geographical information system. Data, such as the historical state of target property space and related events causing the state to be changed, should be saved as important files. This should be applied to property management. This paper designs and constructs a spatial temporal model, which is suitable to the property data changing management and spatial temporal query by analyzing the basic types and characteristics of property management spatial changing time and date. This model uses current and historical situational layers to organize and set up the relationship between current situation data and historical dates according to spatial temporal topological relations in property entities. By using Map Basic, housing property management and spatial query is realized.

Scale Issues of Wetland Classification and Mapping Using Remote Sensing Images: A Case of Honghe National Nature Reserve in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Wetland research has become a hot spot linking multiple disciplines presently. Wetland classification and mapping is the basis for wetland research. It is difficult to generate wetland data sets using traditional methods because of the low accessibility of wetlands, hence remote sensing data have become one of the primary data sources in wetland research. This paper presents a case study conducted at the core area of Honghe National Nature Reserve in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. In this study, three images generated by airship, from Thematic Mapper and from SPOT 5 were selected to produce wetland maps at three different wetland landscape levels. After assessing classification accuracies of the three maps, we compared the different wetland mapping results of 11 plant communities to the airship image, 6 plant ecotypes to the TM image and 9 landscape classifications to the SPOT 5 image. We discussed the different characteristics of the hierarchical ecosystem classifications based on the spatial scales of the different images. The results indicate that spatial scales of remote sensing data have an important link to the hierarchies of wetland plant ecosystems displayed on the wetland landscape maps. The richness of wetland landscape information derived from an image closely relates to its spatial resolution. This study can enrich the ecological classification methods and mapping techniques dealing with the spatial scales of different remote sensing images. With a better understanding of classification accuracies in mapping wetlands by using different scales of remote sensing data, we can make an appropriate approach for dealing with the scale issue of remote sensing images.

The False Promise of Kant＇s Humanity Formula

Kant＇s Humanity Formula of the Categorical Imperative is arguably its most widely preferred formulation, having been defended as a moral principle and employed in the evaluation of particular moral problems by a number of leading contemporary ethicists. For them and many other readers of Kant, the idea that we are not to treat persons as mere means to our own ends but are rather to respect their rational agency as intrinsically valuable holds great promise for qualifying as, in Kant＇s words, ＂the supreme principle of morality.＂ In the present paper I argue that the Humanity Formula cannot deliver on this promise. After setting forth three conditions of adequacy for any genuine supreme principle of morality, I argue that the Humanity Formula, on three textually grounded interpretations each of which has been advocated by a prominent Kantian ethicist, does not satisfy these conditions. Whichever of these textually grounded interpretations is taken, the Humanity Formula is open to compelling counterexamples.

浅谈地理教学中学生思维能力的培养

地理学是一门综合性很强的学科,学习地理需要记忆,并在记忆的基础上强化思维,形成相应的地理思维能力,才能从根本上增强学习兴趣,从而促进地理基础知识的掌握和基本技能的形成。在地理教学中。

自然地理学发展迎来新时代——从“2017年全国自然地理学大会”看自然地理学新发展与新挑战

2017年全国自然地理学大会在南京顺利召开。本次大会以"变化背景下自然地理学新发展与新挑战"为主题,近3000位学者与会。会议邀请中国科学院院士、国际地理学会秘书长、英国地貌学会主席等国内外多位专家学者做大会特邀报告,并安排了41个专题共1261个口头报告和展板报告。本次大会规模空前、主题前沿、层次高端、宣传多样,在学术上发挥了重要的推动作用,是中国自然地理学发展进程中的里程碑。本文就本次大会的会议概况和主要议题进行了介绍,并对新时代自然地理学发展的机遇和挑战进行了展望。

中学地理教学之我见

在十分重视升学率的今天,中学教学随着高考指挥棒转。由于地理不是高、中考的科目,仅在会考中占有一席之地,导致学校、老师、学生等对地理课不重视,视为"副"科,学得好坏无所谓,临近会考时"突击"一下就算了。有的学校地理教学条件很差,连最起码的地理教学挂图、地球仪等都缺乏,有时地理课成为学生们的自习课。中学地理教师队伍不稳定,教学质量下降。