地耗考核指标的设计及在差别化管理中的应用

中国建设用地供需矛盾突出,已成为制约经济社会可持续发展的重要瓶颈.为破解土地供应相对不足与利用粗放浪费并存的矛盾,从地区差别化和行业差别化角度设计了行业地耗和建设用地集约化水平2个指标,用于产业准入和省级政府用地效率考核.以此为依据,合理确定新增建设用地的供应规模和结构,促使土地供应方式的转变.

基于“地耗”指标的城镇土地集约利用水平的时空差异分析——以主体功能区为例

首先建立了城镇土地集约利用的“地耗”指标体系;然后以164个地级市为样本,运用多因素评价方法和熵权法评价2003～2011年主体功能区土地集约利用水平;最后分析主体功能区土地集约利用水平的时空差异,以期对制定和落实差别化的区域土地政策和实现区域间协调健康发展提供政策建议.

浅析我国经济发展中的地耗问题

我国单位GDP能耗过高已是共识,节能减排已被写进"十一五"计划,被分解成地方政府的硬任务,并实行严格的问责制,由此能耗得到了比较好地控制。相对而言,重要性一点也不亚于能耗的"地耗",仍未引起社会足够的重视,我国土地闲置浪费的现象十分严重。为了保证我国经济社会的可持续发展,应将降低GDP的"地耗"早日提上议事日程,像降能耗一样,任务层层分解,刚性问责,采取相应的措施,切实把地耗问题解决好,从而为我国的可持续发展提供充分的空间,达到人口、土地、经济的协调发展。

城镇化进程中建设用地需求量预测方法研究

城镇化进程中因建设用地的动态性与影响因素的多样性,使得对建设用地需求量进行准确预测难度较大。将多种适用的预测方法结合,是较好的处理方式。本文采用经济地耗预测法、灰色-马尔可夫模型预测法,实现了预测方法的优势互补。对江苏省淮安市未来建设用地需求量的实际应用表明,该方法能有效提高预测精度,具有科学性和实用性。

基于需求管理的上海土地政策创新

梳理了上海近年来土地利用中的主要问题,开展了典型行业地耗分析。针对上海土地供应中的结构性矛盾,提出以供定需的土地资源需求管理理念:实行土地总量控制,按照效率优先科学配置土地供应结构;培育开发区品牌输出,实现资源整合和产业联动;加大存量工业用地的二次开发,提升土地集约利用效率。提出土地政策的创新建议:以土地供给结构调整,推动需求结构、产业结构和要素投入结构调整;建立覆盖上海市各行业的用地节地标准体系;加快工业园区土地二次开发。

构建绿色通信网络 四川联通节能减排策略与实践

本文通过分析国际国内节能减排形势,论述节能减排的重要性;透过通信网络及设备的生命周期,论述四川联通对节能减排的理解;并结合四川联通的实际情况,探讨并总结了四川联通的节能减排策略与具体实践。

基于紧缩空间的宜居城市研究

为了研究城市建设中城市规模无序性、盲目化的扩张,近年来建设宜居城市似乎成为每一个城建者的共识,本文通过大量的数据分析,探讨如何建设宜居城市,怎样解决新的城市建设问题,并避免对宜居城市建设的曲解和功利化.而基于紧缩空间为基础的宜居城市建设正是解决这一城市规划难题的办法.

Performance analysis of U-vertical direct-expansion ground-source heat pump

The performance of a direct-expansion ground-source heat pump（DX GSHP）system is theoretically analyzed.Compared with the conventional ground-source heat pump（GSHP）,the DX GSHP has a lower condensing temperature in the cooling mode and a higher evaporating temperature in the heating mode,and the ground heat exchanger（GHE）in the DX GSHP has a low thermal resistance.Therefore,the coefficient of performance（COP）of the DX GSHP is higher than that of the GSHP.In addition,the system performance of the DX GSHP system is higher than that of the conventional GSHP system because there are no secondary solution loops and water circulating pumps in the DX GSHP system.The experimental energy performance of the DX GSHP system is also investigated based on the actual operational data.The tested DX GSHP system is installed in Xiangtan,China.The U-vertical GHE of the DX GSHP is buried in a water well.The length and the outside nominal diameter of the GHE are 42 m and 12.7 mm,respectively.The experimental results show that the maximum（COP）and the average COP of the DX GSHP system in the heating mode are 5.95 and 4.72,respectively.

Influences of nonassociated flow rules on seismic bearing capacity factors of strip footing on soil slope by energy dissipation method

Seismic bearing capacity factors of a strip footing placed on soil slope were determined with both associated and nonassociated flow rules. Quasi-static representation of earthquake effects using a seismic coefficient concept was adopted for seismic bearing capacity calculations. A multi-wedge translational failure mechanism was used to obtain the seismic bearing capacity factors for different seismic coefficients and various inclined angles. Employing the associated flow rule, numerical results were compared with the published solutions. For bearing capacity factors related to cohesion and equivalent surcharge load, the maximum difference approximates 0.1%. However, the difference of bearing capacity factor related to unit weight is larger. With the two flow rules, the seismic bearing capacity factors were presented in the form of design charts for practical use. The results show that seismic bearing capacity factors related to the cohesion, the equivalent surcharge load and the unit weight increase greatly as the dilatancy angle increases, and that the nonassociated flow rule has important influences on the seismic bearing capacity.

DPM dissipation experiment at MST＇s experimental mine and comparison with CFD simulation

Diesel Particulate Matter （DPM） is regulated in the U.S. for both underground coal and metal/nonmetal mines. Today, many underground mines still face difficulty in compliance with DPM regulations. The DPM research carried out in Missouri University of Science and Technology （MST） is to use computational fluid dynamics （CFD） to study the DPM distribution in commonly used face areas. The result is expected to be used for selection of DPM reduction strategies and better working practices, which can help the underground mines to meet regulation limits and improve the working environment for the miners. An experiment was conducted at MST＇s Experimental Mine to validate CFD simulation. DPM was collected at four locations downstream of a stationary diesel engine. The experiment data were then compared with the CFD simulation results. The comparison shows that CFD simulation can forecast the location of DPM concentration with practical accuracy （less than 0.15 m）. CFD can be used to further study DPM distribution in commonly used working faces and give guidance to DPM reduction.

CHEMICAL WEATHERING PROCESSES AND ATMOSPHERIC CO_2 CONSUMPTION OF HUANGHE RIVER AND CHANGJIANG RIVER BASINS

Rock weathering plays an important role in studying the long-term carbon cycles and global climatic change. According to the statistics analysis, the Huanghe (Yellow) River water chemistry was mainly controlled by evaporite and carbonate weathering, which were responsible for over 90% of total dissolved ions. As compared with the Huanghe River basin, dissolved load of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River was mainly originated from the carbonate dissolution. The chemical weathering rates were estimated to be 39.29t/(km(2).a) and 61.58t/(km(2).a) by deducting the HCO3- derived from atmosphere in the Huanghe River and Changjiang River watersheds, respectively. The CO2 consumption rates by rock weathering were calculated to be 120.84 x 10(3)mol/km(2) and 452.46 x 10(3)mol/km(2) annually in the two basins, respectively. The total CO2 consumption of the two basins amounted to 918.51 x 10(9)mol/a, accounting for 3.83% of the world gross. In contrast to other world watersheds, the stronger evaporite reaction and infirm silicate weathering can explain such feature that CO2 consumption rates were lower than a global average, suggesting that the sequential weathering may be go on in the two Chinese drainage basins.

Natural Resources Depletion in Hill Areas of Bangladesh:A Review

Hilly or mountainous terrain occupies around 12% of the area of Bangladesh.Natural resources associated with Bangladesh's hill are forest resources,biodiversity,minerals,and agricultural crops.Natural resources have been exploited in the recent four decades due to excessive clearing of hill forest cover,resulting in loss of species richness, impacts related to increased water flow variability, increased hill slope erosion and flooding intensity, and a gradual decrease in the extent of hill area in Bangladesh.This review explores the major causes and effects of depletion of natural resources by linking drivers,pressures and the related impacts.A review has been conducted to structure the effects on the hilly areas and describe the responses to minimize them in the associated DPSIR framework.Population growth has been identified as a major driver contributing to high deforestation rates.This may negatively effect agricultural productivity and increase the frequency of serious flooding.Slash and burn cultivation also impacts the regeneration of evergreen forests,which may accelerate soil erosion. Due to this and other factors,local people are facing a deficits of natural resources(food,fodder,fuel wood and water),which exacerbates the effects of poverty. Future research should try to facilitate decision making for sustainable utilization of natural resources management in the hilly areas of Bangladesh. Additional conservation measures should be developed to increase the resilience of ecosystems at national and regional levels.

Two Axes Solar Tracker Based on Solar Maps, Controlled by a Low-Power Microcontroller

There are actually several solutions for two axis solar tracking systems using electromechanical devices, in which a controller detects the Sun apparent position, and controls the position of the structure supporting the panels toward the sun by enabling the engines movement. This work studies the solution of two axis solar tracking system based on solar maps, which can predict the exact apparent position of the Sun, by the latitude＇s location, thereby avoiding the need to use sensors or guidance systems. To accomplish this, it is used a low-power microcontroller, suitably programmed, to control two electric motors to ensure that the panels supporting structure is always oriented towards the sun.

OSL Dating of Coastal Post-Barreiras Sediments from Northern Brazil

In the present work, luminescence dating of sedimentary deposits, from the coast of the State of Maranh^o, in northeast Brazil, was done. Samples were collected from the Post-Barreiras sediments, a quartzose sandy unit that is extensive along the entire northeast and northern Brazilian coast, where they occur overlying early to middle Miocene Barreiras Formation. A great part of the Post-Barreiras sediments is massive, which precludes its depositional setting interpretation. However, this unit consists of three successions, the lowermost one including highly bioturbated deposits suggestive of marine influence, and the two uppermost ones displaying dune dissipative structures related to eolian processes along coastal areas. The study aimed to compare MAR （multiple aliquot regeneration） and SAR （single aliquot regeneration） protocols for dating these deposits. Discussion involving origins of depositions will also include single aliquot measurements. The ages obtained by OSL （optical stimulated luminescence）-SAR protocol range from （0.5 ± 0.1） ka to （84 ± 6） ka.

Regional Land Use Patterns and Water Consumption in the Jordan Valley Using Geographic Information Systems

Trends in land use and water consumption are crucial components in understanding the changing nature of agricultural production and water use in- the Northern Jordan Valley. The objective of this study is to examine current agricultural land uses in the Jordan Valley and their water consumption patterns as well as to examine the changes in land use and water consumption that occurred between the years 2002 and 2010. Farm level cropping patterns and total annual water use were analysed in order to examine inter-basin land use and water consumption characteristics as well as to estimate the amount of water consumed by each respective crop in total and per unit of land devoted to its production. It was found that citrus production dominated both land and water usage in every basin of the Northern Jordan Valley and that between 2002 and 2010 there were shifts toward increasing citrus production in almost every basin surveyed. It was found that agricultural irrigation water usage decreased overall between 2002 and 2010 by approximately 15 percent and irrigated land usage in the Jordan Valley increased by 5 percent. The role of citrus farming is becoming more important in the Jordan Valley as Jordan＇s agricultural economy shifts away from subsistence farming for staple food crops like wheat and vegetables toward more financially lucrative crops grown for an increasingly international market. This trend is at least partly due to the increasing cost of agricultural irrigation water from Jordan＇s national canal system.

Estimation of the Relationship among Fractional Vegetation Cover, Land Surface Temperature and Electricity Consumption in Taipei City

The cooling effects of urban green vegetation cover, which can help decrease LST （land surface temperature） in urban area. When air temperature decreases, the electricity consumption of household will also mitigate loading. Meanwhile, that lack of assessment of green vegetation coverage impact to LST and electricity consumption, so that it could not clearly quantify the environmental contribution of green coves. In Taipei city, for example, FVC （fractional vegetation cover） value and LST was collected from Aster satellite remote sensing images, and data of household electricity consumption was acquired from Taiwan Power Company. Based on these three factors, it analyzed relative model. In the urban area, fractional vegetation cover might influence with land surface temperature and electricity consumption. The result shows that when the value of fractional vegetation cover is low, the air temperature is high. While fractional vegetation cover is increase, not only the land surface temperature is decreasing but the electricity consumption is also reducing. This study hopes can be the reference materials for the future metropolis plan and to inhibit the spread of urban thermal environment.

Design Procedure for Semi Interlocking Masonry

SIM （semi interlocking masonry） is a kind of innovative building system for mortar-less walls. It utilizes a special method of interlocking SIM bricks that allows relative sliding of brick courses in-plane of a wall and prevents out-of-plane relative movement of bricks. It has increased capacity to dissipate earthquake energy through friction between bricks compared with traditional masonry. It can be used in earthquake resistant frame structures as infill panels, which also act as EDD （energy dissipation devices）. However, as a mortar-less system, it is not covered by masonry design standards. The purpose of this paper is to introduce S1M and also to develop an analytical design procedure for this innovative masonry system.

Conflict between Population and Urbanization Factors： Impact of Urban Heat Island on Energy Consumption Balance

High density of buildings and population in urban areas increases urban temperature, generally known as the urban heat island. Raised temperature, especially in SUlIuner, alms city centers into unwelcome hot areas, with direct effects on electricity demand and energy consttrnption for cooling buildings and increases the production of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Therefore, by considering that the energy consumption in the world has been faced with intense crisis, it becomes increasingly important to study the effects of urban heat island on energy constunption in order to improve people＇s environment and decrease energy use in cities. This paper, therefore, is focused on urbanization and population size factors to understand tile influence way of these factors on formation of UHI and energy consumption balance. To achieve this aim, this paper explores literally the conceptual framework of confliction between population and urban structure, which produce UHI intensity and affected energy consumption balance. It is then discussed how these two factors can be affected and give implication to the city, and then, focuses on whether actions should be taken for balancing adaptation and mitigation UHI effects. It will be concluded by making the recommendations for preventive action and provide quality of life.

Energy Consumption and Thermal Performance in Different Residential Building Types in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zone

In China, REC （residential energy consumption） is the second largest energy use category （10%） following the industry. To fulfill the Chinese government＇s commitment that Chinese CO2 emissions would peak in 2030, as a result, improving the energy efficiency and reducing the emissions from the building sector is significantly important. A survey, in the form of a questionnaire, of energy consumption and thermal situation in different residential building types （detached house, multi-story building, high-rise building）, was undertaken in three cities （Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Changzhou） in hot-summer and cold-winter regions, these three cities were selected to represent the most flourishing economic provinces. This region in China was selected for the evaluation of EETP （energy and thermal performance analysis）, because of its special weather conditions, huge energy consumption （as both heating in winter and cooling in summer are necessary）, and other regional characteristics. 183 households were sampled and experiments were separately done in typical examples of three different building types. Systematic evaluation on EETP for three different residential building types, were put forward to assess the energy efficiency and thermal performance of three different building types.

An Evaluation of Standby Losses Effect in Power Demand in Greek Urban Households

Standby consumption is a global phenomenon because the largest ＂leakers＂ are internationally-traded appliances usually line-powered electronic equipment. Currently, it represents 5%-11% （depending on the region and related estimations） of the total electricity demand in European households, mostly concentrated in entertainment and office equipments. This paper is focused on the evaluation of the standby losses in typical urban areas of Greece. The results of an analytical survey in urban households located in different areas of region of Attica-Greece are presented and analyzed. This survey is taking under consideration the type and the quantity of electric/electronic devices used, power consumption measurements concerning different standby modes of operation as well as people＇s habits in relation to the way they used the devices. Furthermore, recent and old detailed power consumption measurements of the most common modes of operation （on, offand standby）, in other member states of Europe are presented and analyzed giving the opportunity to compare the situation in a typical urban Greek area and the respective in other parts of Europe. The presented data reveal the magnitude of the standby losses problem in Greece and the potential benefits gained by the enforcement of recent EU （European Union） policies.