The experimental performance of small-sized ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) is researched intensively. However, there are little data documenting the operation performance of existing large-sized GCHP system. We prese...The experimental performance of small-sized ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) is researched intensively. However, there are little data documenting the operation performance of existing large-sized GCHP system. We presented the actual performance measurement of a GCHP installed for apartment buildings in Wuhan, Hubei province, P. R. China. The system was constructed with a closed vertical typed ground heat exchanger with a total pipe length of 32 000 m. During one year, various operating parameters were monitored, including the outdoor temperature, the flow rate, the electrical consumption, and the water temperature. The seasonal coefficients of performances of the heat pumps and the system based on the measured data were found to be 4.01 and 2.96 in the cooling season, and 3.54 and 2.86 in the heating season, respectively. The GCHP system was more economical than the air-source room air conditioner in the energy efficiency which was increased by 29% in cooling mode and 50% in heating mode. There was an obvious heat imbalance of soil between the injection rate and the extraction rate in the residential GCHP system operation.展开更多
In the Benja of Permeti village, eight springs are located in the Lengarica creek, and their curative values are known and used since the time of the Roman Empire. The eight springs erupt mineral water with temperatur...In the Benja of Permeti village, eight springs are located in the Lengarica creek, and their curative values are known and used since the time of the Roman Empire. The eight springs erupt mineral water with temperatures in the range of 23-30℃ and yields in the range of 8 up to more than 40 L/s. The geothermal fluid, even though with relatively low temperatures, represent a competitive energy resource. The geothermal water flows directly to the river of Langarica, similarly with the other geothermal resources of Albania can be ＂translated＂ as ＂throwing in the creek＂ of considerable monetary values, delay in the economic development, infrastructure and also negative social impacts in the region. This paper aims to show that these waters are a competitive energy resource by the implementation of a combined and cascade system, and also they can by efficiently used for greenhouses, aquaculture and salts extraction.展开更多
The characteristics of an organic Rankin cycle designed to operate with a low temperature geothermal source and constant temperature cooling water supplied from freshwater ponds typical to those found near Waddan City...The characteristics of an organic Rankin cycle designed to operate with a low temperature geothermal source and constant temperature cooling water supplied from freshwater ponds typical to those found near Waddan City in the Al Jufrah region of Libya were examined. Two working fluids were examined and it was concluded that the most suitable for this application was R-245fa. The off design performance of the organic Rankine cycle was examined and it was shown that the cycle is controlled by the performance of the condenser which is cooling water side temperature limited.展开更多
Aiming to give some advices on the ground coupled heat pump system design in Siehuan Province, China, a typical ground source heat pump （GSHP） system in Sichuan Province was tested in a whole operational year, and t...Aiming to give some advices on the ground coupled heat pump system design in Siehuan Province, China, a typical ground source heat pump （GSHP） system in Sichuan Province was tested in a whole operational year, and the parameters of temperature and flow rate in different parts of system were measured during this period. The seasonal energy efficiency ratio was calculated and the performance of heat pump system in summer was compared with that in winter. The result shows that the coefficient of performance of the system reaches 3.63 in summer and 3.49 in winter, respectively. The heat balance in underground rock mass is acquired basically throughout the year, and the heat accumulation in the earth tends to be zero.展开更多
Energy saving and CO2 emissions reduction are critical tasks currently,and great effort has been made by Chinese government. Renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions and reduction plan in China are introduced in...Energy saving and CO2 emissions reduction are critical tasks currently,and great effort has been made by Chinese government. Renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions and reduction plan in China are introduced in this paper. Analysis is also made on present status and prospect of geothermal power generation and direct use in China respectively. Now,there is a new understanding of geothermal resources,and hot dry rock,considered as the future of geothermal resources,is likely used to generate electricity.展开更多
Geothermal heat pumps （GHPs） are an attractive proposition for renewable energy worldwide as it uses energy naturally stored in the earth. The Earth is a very resourceful form of energy, using the natural solar ener...Geothermal heat pumps （GHPs） are an attractive proposition for renewable energy worldwide as it uses energy naturally stored in the earth. The Earth is a very resourceful form of energy, using the natural solar energy collection and heat storage capabilities as an infinite heat source/heat sink at the base of permeable pavements, which can provide excellent temperature gradients for GHP＇s. Experimental rigs were setup up at The University of Edinbttrgh for a combined permeable pavement and GHP system. At the base of a pavement structure （approximately 1 meter） below the ground＇s surface, temperatures are constant of 10℃ in the U.K all year round. The GHP performance efficiency was analysed by the coefficient of performance （COP） in a heating cycle and the energy efficiency ratio （EER） in a cooling cycle. The mean COP and EER for both systems averaged between 2-4.5 and 3-5 respectively. The combined GHP and pavement structure operated at an optimum efficiency for both heating and cooling cycles and has shown to be unaffected by higher summer or lower winter temperatures. This hybrid system is an attractive renewable energy technology and has additional environmental benefits such as urban runoff reuse and recycling.展开更多
Land use change and its eco-environmental responses are foci in geographical research. As a region with uneven economic development, land use change and eco-environmental responses across Jiangsu Province are relevant...Land use change and its eco-environmental responses are foci in geographical research. As a region with uneven economic development, land use change and eco-environmental responses across Jiangsu Province are relevant to China＇s overall development pattern. The external function of regional land use changes during different stages of economic development. In this study, we proposed a novel classification system based on the dominant function of land use according to ＂production-ecology-life＂, and then analyzed land use change and regional eco-environmental responses from a functional perspective of regional development. The results showed that from 1985 to 2008, land use change features in Jiangsu were that productive land area decreased and eco- logical and living land areas increased. Land use changes in southern Jiangsu were the most dramatic. In southern and central parts of Jiangsu the agricultural production function weakened and urban life service function strengthened; in northern Jiangsu, the mining production function＇s comparative advantage highlighted that the rural life service function was weakening. Ecological environmental quality decreased slightly in Jiangsu and its three regions. The maximum contribution rate to ecological environmental change occurred in southern Jiangsu and the minimum rate was located in the north. Eco-environmental quality deteriorated in southern and central Jiangsu, related to expanding construction land in urban and rural areas. Ecological environmental quality deterioration in northern Jiangsu is probably due to land development and consolidation. The main reason for improvements in regional ecological environments is that agricultural production land was converted to water ecological land across Jiangsu.展开更多
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51078160)
文摘The experimental performance of small-sized ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) is researched intensively. However, there are little data documenting the operation performance of existing large-sized GCHP system. We presented the actual performance measurement of a GCHP installed for apartment buildings in Wuhan, Hubei province, P. R. China. The system was constructed with a closed vertical typed ground heat exchanger with a total pipe length of 32 000 m. During one year, various operating parameters were monitored, including the outdoor temperature, the flow rate, the electrical consumption, and the water temperature. The seasonal coefficients of performances of the heat pumps and the system based on the measured data were found to be 4.01 and 2.96 in the cooling season, and 3.54 and 2.86 in the heating season, respectively. The GCHP system was more economical than the air-source room air conditioner in the energy efficiency which was increased by 29% in cooling mode and 50% in heating mode. There was an obvious heat imbalance of soil between the injection rate and the extraction rate in the residential GCHP system operation.
文摘In the Benja of Permeti village, eight springs are located in the Lengarica creek, and their curative values are known and used since the time of the Roman Empire. The eight springs erupt mineral water with temperatures in the range of 23-30℃ and yields in the range of 8 up to more than 40 L/s. The geothermal fluid, even though with relatively low temperatures, represent a competitive energy resource. The geothermal water flows directly to the river of Langarica, similarly with the other geothermal resources of Albania can be ＂translated＂ as ＂throwing in the creek＂ of considerable monetary values, delay in the economic development, infrastructure and also negative social impacts in the region. This paper aims to show that these waters are a competitive energy resource by the implementation of a combined and cascade system, and also they can by efficiently used for greenhouses, aquaculture and salts extraction.
文摘The characteristics of an organic Rankin cycle designed to operate with a low temperature geothermal source and constant temperature cooling water supplied from freshwater ponds typical to those found near Waddan City in the Al Jufrah region of Libya were examined. Two working fluids were examined and it was concluded that the most suitable for this application was R-245fa. The off design performance of the organic Rankine cycle was examined and it was shown that the cycle is controlled by the performance of the condenser which is cooling water side temperature limited.
基金Project(50838009) supported by the National Science Key Foundation 1 tem
文摘Aiming to give some advices on the ground coupled heat pump system design in Siehuan Province, China, a typical ground source heat pump （GSHP） system in Sichuan Province was tested in a whole operational year, and the parameters of temperature and flow rate in different parts of system were measured during this period. The seasonal energy efficiency ratio was calculated and the performance of heat pump system in summer was compared with that in winter. The result shows that the coefficient of performance of the system reaches 3.63 in summer and 3.49 in winter, respectively. The heat balance in underground rock mass is acquired basically throughout the year, and the heat accumulation in the earth tends to be zero.
文摘Energy saving and CO2 emissions reduction are critical tasks currently,and great effort has been made by Chinese government. Renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions and reduction plan in China are introduced in this paper. Analysis is also made on present status and prospect of geothermal power generation and direct use in China respectively. Now,there is a new understanding of geothermal resources,and hot dry rock,considered as the future of geothermal resources,is likely used to generate electricity.
文摘Geothermal heat pumps （GHPs） are an attractive proposition for renewable energy worldwide as it uses energy naturally stored in the earth. The Earth is a very resourceful form of energy, using the natural solar energy collection and heat storage capabilities as an infinite heat source/heat sink at the base of permeable pavements, which can provide excellent temperature gradients for GHP＇s. Experimental rigs were setup up at The University of Edinbttrgh for a combined permeable pavement and GHP system. At the base of a pavement structure （approximately 1 meter） below the ground＇s surface, temperatures are constant of 10℃ in the U.K all year round. The GHP performance efficiency was analysed by the coefficient of performance （COP） in a heating cycle and the energy efficiency ratio （EER） in a cooling cycle. The mean COP and EER for both systems averaged between 2-4.5 and 3-5 respectively. The combined GHP and pavement structure operated at an optimum efficiency for both heating and cooling cycles and has shown to be unaffected by higher summer or lower winter temperatures. This hybrid system is an attractive renewable energy technology and has additional environmental benefits such as urban runoff reuse and recycling.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(71503117,41301651)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Land use change and its eco-environmental responses are foci in geographical research. As a region with uneven economic development, land use change and eco-environmental responses across Jiangsu Province are relevant to China＇s overall development pattern. The external function of regional land use changes during different stages of economic development. In this study, we proposed a novel classification system based on the dominant function of land use according to ＂production-ecology-life＂, and then analyzed land use change and regional eco-environmental responses from a functional perspective of regional development. The results showed that from 1985 to 2008, land use change features in Jiangsu were that productive land area decreased and eco- logical and living land areas increased. Land use changes in southern Jiangsu were the most dramatic. In southern and central parts of Jiangsu the agricultural production function weakened and urban life service function strengthened; in northern Jiangsu, the mining production function＇s comparative advantage highlighted that the rural life service function was weakening. Ecological environmental quality decreased slightly in Jiangsu and its three regions. The maximum contribution rate to ecological environmental change occurred in southern Jiangsu and the minimum rate was located in the north. Eco-environmental quality deteriorated in southern and central Jiangsu, related to expanding construction land in urban and rural areas. Ecological environmental quality deterioration in northern Jiangsu is probably due to land development and consolidation. The main reason for improvements in regional ecological environments is that agricultural production land was converted to water ecological land across Jiangsu.
