我国地表水水源热泵技术研究及应用现状

地表水水源热泵技术具有节能、环保等优势,在我国长江流域沿线区域有着较广泛的应用前景。本文系统地总结了这项技术在我国各地的应用情况以及自上世纪八十年代以来我国在相关领域的研究进展,对应用江水源热泵进行了实地调研,并总结了存在的问题,最后提出了此项技术应予重视的研究方向。

全站仪固定测站三角高程法地表沉降测量应用技术

当前我国国民经济飞速发展,我国社会有了显著的发展提升,在这样的背景之下,我国的道路建设也是如火如荼。目前,我国城市化建设不断加快,对于城市路面建设也在不断的深入,在此过程中对于城市地表沉降的观测显得有为重要。地表沉降测量很大程度上能够保证道路的正常使用,防止路面出现塌陷等事故,从而引起不必要的麻烦。当前我国对于地表沉降观测方法的研究已经形成了一定的体系,有着相关的观测研究方法,其中最为常用的地表沉降测量技术便是通过推导全站仪固定测站三角高程测量精度公式,由此来进一步的论证利用三角高程测量很大程度上能够满足二等水准的测量标准。此外本文中还将介绍采用全站仪三角高程法与NA水准仪法结果的对比分析,由此来得出最终的采用全站仪固定测站方法,为我国城市交通繁忙的道路地表沉降观测提供一定的借鉴。

磷指数法在废水灌溉地的应用

P指数法最初用于评估获得无机肥料和粪肥的农业用地P输出到水生植物系统的风险,目前正用于评估具有不同应用特点和施用方法的其他P源。对废水灌溉耕地上的P指数法分数进行研究,完全溶解P源的废水地表灌溉应用下,P指数法的基线评估具有最大的径流P损失潜力。基线评估条件下,3个地方的P损失率较高。修正评估条件下,所有地方的P输出风险较低。废水灌溉下,近50 a的监控数据显示,没有过量P进入地下水或远位点地表水,表明基线评估可能是高估了某些地方的P损失率。因此,需要强调调整P指数法工具对于不同P源和应用方法下P损失风险。

精量滴灌灌水器研制与应用技术研究

针对滴灌系统灌水均匀性差、运行能耗偏高、易堵塞尤其在地埋条件下易被根系入侵堵塞等关键性技术难题,研究以自主研发和技术集成为主要途径,研制出了铜祛根防负压抗堵塞紊流压力补偿地下灌水器和双面齿形高消能内镶片式灌水器,构建了适合区域特征的高均匀低压地表精量滴灌技术应用模式和祛根抗堵型地下滴灌技术应用模式,实现了"低压高均匀、地埋高抗堵"滴灌技术目标。为节水灌溉的发展提供了新技术、新方法、新产品和新模式,对提高农业灌溉技术水平具有重要意义,研究成果具有推广应用价值。

Near-surface absorption compensation technology and its application in the Daqing Oilfields

High-frequency seismic data components can be seriously attenuated during seismic wave propagation in unconsolidated （low-velocity） layers, resulting in reduced seismic resolution and signal-to-noise （S/N） ratio. In this paper, first, based on Wiener filter theory, inverse filter calculations for near-surface absorption attenuation compensation were accomplished by analysis of the direct wave spectral components from different distances near the surface. The direct waves were generated by detonators in uphole shots and were acquired by receivers on the surface. The spatially varying inverse filters were designed to compensate for the frequency attenuation of 3D pre-stack CRG （common receiver-gather） data. After applying the filter to CRG data, the high frequency components were compensated with the low frequencies maintained. The seismic resolution and S/N ratio are enhanced and match better with synthetic seismograms and better meet the needs of geological interpretation.

Approach to increasing the quality of pressure-relieved gas drained from protected coal seam using surface borehole and its industrial application

During mining of lower protective coal seam, a surface borehole can efficiently extract not only the pressure-relieved gas from the protected layer, but also the gas from the mining layer gob. If the distance between the borehole and gob is too large, the quantity of gas drained from the protected layer decreases substantially. To solve this problem, a mathematical model for extracting pressure-relieved gas from a protected coal seam using a surface borehole was established, based on the radial gas flow theory and law of conservation of energy. The key factors influencing the quantity of gas and the drainage flow network using a surface borehole were presented. The results show that the quantity of pressure-relieved gas drained from the protected layer can be significantly increased by increasing the flow resistance of the borehole bottom. Application of this method in the Wulan Coal Mine of the Shenhua Group significantly increased the flow of pure gas and the gas concentration （by factors of 1.8 and 2.0, respectively）, thus demonstrating the remarkable effects of this method.

Application of a Coupled Land Surface-Hydrological Model to Flood Simulation in the Huaihe River Basin of China

A hydrological simulation in the Huaihe River Basin(HRB) was investigated using two different models: a coupled land surface hydrological model(CLHMS), and a large-scale hydrological model(LSX-HMS). The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset and observed precipitation data were used as meteorological inputs. The simulation results from both models were compared in terms of flood processes forecasting during high flow periods in the summers of 2003 and 2007, and partial high flow periods in 2000. The comparison results showed that the simulated streamflow by CLHMS model agreed well with the observations with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients larger than 0.76, in both periods of 2000 at Lutaizi and Bengbu stations in the HRB, while the skill of the LSX-HMS model was relatively poor. The simulation results for the high flow periods in 2003 and 2007 suggested that the CLHMS model can simulate both the peak time and intensity of the hydrological processes, while the LSX-HMS model provides a delayed flood peak. These results demonstrated the importance of considering the coupling between the land surface and hydrological module in achieving better predictions for hydrological processes, and CLHMS was proven to be a promising model for future applications in flood simulation and forecasting.

Field analysis of metallogenic information and its application

Focusing on the issue to deal with inadequate extraction of metallogenic information especially geological information,a new method of extracting metallogenic information based on field model,i.e.the field analysis method of metallogenic information,was proposed.In addition,a case study by using the method of the extraction of metallogenic information from the west Guangxi and southeast Yunnan district as an example was performed.The representation method for the field models of metallogenic information,including the metallogenic influence field model and the metallogenic distance field model,was discussed by introducing the concept of the field theory,based on the characteristic analysis of the distance gradualness and the influence superposition of metallogenic information.According to the field theory superposition principle and the spatial distance analysis method,the mathematical models for the metallogenic influence field and the metallogenic distance field of point,line and area geological bodies were derived out by using parameter equation and calculus.Based on the metallogenic background analysis,the metallogenic information field models of synsedimentary faults and manganese sedimentary basins were built.The relationship between the metallogenic information fields and the manganese mineralization distribution was also investigated by using the method of metallogenic information field analysis.The instance study indicates that the proposed method of metallogenic information field analysis is valid and useful for extracting the ore-controlling information of synsedimentary faults and manganese sedimentary basins in the study area,with which the extraction results are significant both statistically and geologically.