如何高效地动态监测、模拟和预测地表水过程是防灾减灾中亟待解决的问题,也是科学化的国土整治、区域规划、环境保护和水资源管理的基础。因此,本文利用统一计算设备架构(CUDA)对基于不规则三角网(TIN)的地表水动态模拟算法进行并行化改...如何高效地动态监测、模拟和预测地表水过程是防灾减灾中亟待解决的问题,也是科学化的国土整治、区域规划、环境保护和水资源管理的基础。因此,本文利用统一计算设备架构(CUDA)对基于不规则三角网(TIN)的地表水动态模拟算法进行并行化改进,提出了一种基于CUDA的地表水动态模拟并行方法,旨在对任意时刻的地表水进行快速、高精度的动态模拟,从而满足实际的应用需求。该算法从高精度的数字高程模型(DEM)中提取地形特征点和流域线,生成受流域线约束的TIN。在此基础上,根据TIN表面的三角面坐标数据获取水流方向,再结合任意位置的降雨源点追踪得到流水线网络。基于曼宁公式,利用流水线流速计算核函数得到每条流水线上雨滴的流速,结合预设的时间,利用汇流量统计核函数得到该时刻的地表汇流量。具体的并行化过程包括数据的传输,CUDA中线程的划分和流水线流速计算核函数和汇流量统计核函数的实现。本文选取位于加拿大新布伦瑞克西北部的BBW(Black Brook Watershed)流域作为实验样区,将该算法与改进前的方法进行对比表明,该模型在保持精度的同时,大幅提高了模拟效率,加速比达到11.2;另外,通过与SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型进行对比,结果表明,该并行方法的Nash系数提高了88%,相关系数提高了5%。展开更多
Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg runoff from yellow limestone soil and purple soils and the relationships between the mobility of the heavy metals and the soil characteristics were studied in laboratory using a rainfall simulator. T...Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg runoff from yellow limestone soil and purple soils and the relationships between the mobility of the heavy metals and the soil characteristics were studied in laboratory using a rainfall simulator. The results showed that the concentrations of soluble Zn in surface runoff were significantly negatively correlated with the contents of <0.002 mm particles and CEC of the soils, indicating that Zn was mostly adsorbed by clays in the soils. The contents of Cu and Hg in surface runoff were positively related to their contents in the soils. The amounts of Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg removed by surface runoff were influenced by the amounts of soil and water losses and their contents in the soils, and were closely related to the contents of soil particles 1-0.02 mm in size.展开更多
We established a novel droplet model (with-gravity model) to show the gravity effect of the droplet in the contact angle experiment.By using with-gravity model, we obtained a three-dimensional topography of the drople...We established a novel droplet model (with-gravity model) to show the gravity effect of the droplet in the contact angle experiment.By using with-gravity model, we obtained a three-dimensional topography of the droplet including the height of the droplet, the shape of the baseline and the circumference of the baseline.Comparing the with-gravity model with the ideal spherical model, our model considered the measurement error caused by gravity effect in the contact angle experiment which is a key point to influence the three-dimension topography of the droplet.From the calculation of our model, we found that there were two important points to enhance the measurement error: the size of the droplet and the contact angle.With the droplet and the contact angle became larger, measurement error was obviously increased.展开更多
The changes in hydrological processes in the Yellow River basin were simulated by using the Community Land Model(CLM,version 3.5),driven by historical climate data observed from 1951 to 2008.A comparison of modeled so...The changes in hydrological processes in the Yellow River basin were simulated by using the Community Land Model(CLM,version 3.5),driven by historical climate data observed from 1951 to 2008.A comparison of modeled soil moisture and runoff with limited observations in the basin suggests a general drying trend in simulated soil moisture,runoff,and precipitation-evaporation balance(P-E) in most areas of the Yellow River basin during the observation period.Furthermore,annual soil moisture,runoff,and P-E averaged over the entire basin have declined by 3.3%,82.2%,and 32.1%,respectively.Significant drying trends in soil moisture appear in the upper and middle reaches of the basin,whereas a significant trend in declining surface runoff and P-E occurred in the middle reaches and the southeastern part of the upper reaches.The overall decreasing water availability is characterized by large spatial and temporal variability.展开更多
In conventional seismic exploration,complex overburden prevents us from imaging the deeper underground structure,because near-surface velocity model cannot be efficiently simplified and accurately established. The vir...In conventional seismic exploration,complex overburden prevents us from imaging the deeper underground structure,because near-surface velocity model cannot be efficiently simplified and accurately established. The virtual source method provides a promising solution,which images below a complex overburden without the knowledge of overburden velocities and near-surface changes. In this paper,the authors simulate the forward modeling under complex overburden with sources on the surface and receivers in the horizontal well,and reset the real sources into the horizontal well using the virtual source method,which subtly avoid the distortion effects of the complex overburden. Finally the underground structure can be imaged using Kirchhoff migration,so the feasibility and advantages of the virtual source method are verified.展开更多
特高压输电线路在河流滩地立塔时,需要进行滩地塔位选择和方案比选。采用地表水模拟系统(surface water modeling system,SMS),分析了河流滩地在设计洪水条件下的流场分布情况,并根据滩地流速分布对跨越塔位置进行选择和评估。SMS的计...特高压输电线路在河流滩地立塔时,需要进行滩地塔位选择和方案比选。采用地表水模拟系统(surface water modeling system,SMS),分析了河流滩地在设计洪水条件下的流场分布情况,并根据滩地流速分布对跨越塔位置进行选择和评估。SMS的计算结果直观、合理,可为线路选择滩地流速相对较低、局部冲刷深度较小及对河道行洪影响较小的位置立塔。展开更多
文摘如何高效地动态监测、模拟和预测地表水过程是防灾减灾中亟待解决的问题,也是科学化的国土整治、区域规划、环境保护和水资源管理的基础。因此,本文利用统一计算设备架构(CUDA)对基于不规则三角网(TIN)的地表水动态模拟算法进行并行化改进,提出了一种基于CUDA的地表水动态模拟并行方法,旨在对任意时刻的地表水进行快速、高精度的动态模拟,从而满足实际的应用需求。该算法从高精度的数字高程模型(DEM)中提取地形特征点和流域线,生成受流域线约束的TIN。在此基础上,根据TIN表面的三角面坐标数据获取水流方向,再结合任意位置的降雨源点追踪得到流水线网络。基于曼宁公式,利用流水线流速计算核函数得到每条流水线上雨滴的流速,结合预设的时间,利用汇流量统计核函数得到该时刻的地表汇流量。具体的并行化过程包括数据的传输,CUDA中线程的划分和流水线流速计算核函数和汇流量统计核函数的实现。本文选取位于加拿大新布伦瑞克西北部的BBW(Black Brook Watershed)流域作为实验样区,将该算法与改进前的方法进行对比表明,该模型在保持精度的同时,大幅提高了模拟效率,加速比达到11.2;另外,通过与SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型进行对比,结果表明,该并行方法的Nash系数提高了88%,相关系数提高了5%。
基金Project (No. 1999[95]) supported by the Education Ministry of China.
文摘Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg runoff from yellow limestone soil and purple soils and the relationships between the mobility of the heavy metals and the soil characteristics were studied in laboratory using a rainfall simulator. The results showed that the concentrations of soluble Zn in surface runoff were significantly negatively correlated with the contents of <0.002 mm particles and CEC of the soils, indicating that Zn was mostly adsorbed by clays in the soils. The contents of Cu and Hg in surface runoff were positively related to their contents in the soils. The amounts of Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg removed by surface runoff were influenced by the amounts of soil and water losses and their contents in the soils, and were closely related to the contents of soil particles 1-0.02 mm in size.
基金Funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2062004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50502001 and No. 60576012)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNorth China Institute of Science and Technology (No. 2011B24)
文摘We established a novel droplet model (with-gravity model) to show the gravity effect of the droplet in the contact angle experiment.By using with-gravity model, we obtained a three-dimensional topography of the droplet including the height of the droplet, the shape of the baseline and the circumference of the baseline.Comparing the with-gravity model with the ideal spherical model, our model considered the measurement error caused by gravity effect in the contact angle experiment which is a key point to influence the three-dimension topography of the droplet.From the calculation of our model, we found that there were two important points to enhance the measurement error: the size of the droplet and the contact angle.With the droplet and the contact angle became larger, measurement error was obviously increased.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2012CB956202)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAC22B04)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41105048)the Special Fund for Meteorological scientific Research in the Public Interest (GYHY201106028)
文摘The changes in hydrological processes in the Yellow River basin were simulated by using the Community Land Model(CLM,version 3.5),driven by historical climate data observed from 1951 to 2008.A comparison of modeled soil moisture and runoff with limited observations in the basin suggests a general drying trend in simulated soil moisture,runoff,and precipitation-evaporation balance(P-E) in most areas of the Yellow River basin during the observation period.Furthermore,annual soil moisture,runoff,and P-E averaged over the entire basin have declined by 3.3%,82.2%,and 32.1%,respectively.Significant drying trends in soil moisture appear in the upper and middle reaches of the basin,whereas a significant trend in declining surface runoff and P-E occurred in the middle reaches and the southeastern part of the upper reaches.The overall decreasing water availability is characterized by large spatial and temporal variability.
文摘In conventional seismic exploration,complex overburden prevents us from imaging the deeper underground structure,because near-surface velocity model cannot be efficiently simplified and accurately established. The virtual source method provides a promising solution,which images below a complex overburden without the knowledge of overburden velocities and near-surface changes. In this paper,the authors simulate the forward modeling under complex overburden with sources on the surface and receivers in the horizontal well,and reset the real sources into the horizontal well using the virtual source method,which subtly avoid the distortion effects of the complex overburden. Finally the underground structure can be imaged using Kirchhoff migration,so the feasibility and advantages of the virtual source method are verified.
文摘特高压输电线路在河流滩地立塔时,需要进行滩地塔位选择和方案比选。采用地表水模拟系统(surface water modeling system,SMS),分析了河流滩地在设计洪水条件下的流场分布情况,并根据滩地流速分布对跨越塔位置进行选择和评估。SMS的计算结果直观、合理,可为线路选择滩地流速相对较低、局部冲刷深度较小及对河道行洪影响较小的位置立塔。
