流域下垫面特征对多年平均径流系数的影响

【目的】分析流域地貌结构特征、土地利用/覆盖分类以及土壤物理性质对其多年平均径流系数的影响,确定影响流域多年平均径流系数的重要下垫面因子,为流域土地利用、水利工程建设、防洪减灾、水资源开发利用等人类开发活动提供科学依据。【方法】选取淮河上游23个小流域为研究对象,使用ArcGIS10.3等软件处理得到坡度、面积高程积分、曲率、河网分形维数等流域地貌结构特征因子,使用遥感图像处理软件ENVI5.1处理得到流域土地利用分类结果,并在EXCEL中对流域多年平均径流系数和各下垫面因子进行相关性分析。【结果】在流域地貌结构因子中,多年平均径流系数与平均坡度和面积高程积分关系最好,且均为正相关关系,确定性系数分别为0.485 7和0.478 6。在土地利用/覆盖方面,林地、耕地面积所占比例对多年平均径流系数有较大影响,其中林草地面积占比与流域多年平均径流系数呈正相关关系,耕地面积占比与流域多年平均径流系数呈负相关关系,确定性系数分别为0.292和0.262 3。在土壤条件方面,各因子与多年平均径流系数相关性均较为微弱。【结论】在研究区内众多地貌结构因子中,平均坡度和面积高程积分对多年平均径流系数影响最大,林地、耕地面积所占比例影响较大,土壤物理性质则影响微弱。

Spatial Structure Characteristics Detecting of Landform based on Improved 3D Lacunarity Model

The spatial structure characteristics of landform are the foundation of geomorphologic classification and recognition.This paper proposed a new method on quantifying spatial structure characteristics of terrain surface based on improved 3D Lacunarity model.Lacunarity curve and its numerical integration are used in this model to improve traditional classification result that different morphological types may share the close value of indexes based on global statistical analysis.Experiments at four test areas with different landform types show that improved 3D Lacunarity model can effectively distinguish different morphological types per texture analysis.Higher sensitivity in distinguishing the tiny differences of texture characteristics of terrain surface shows that the quantification method by 3D Lacu-narity model and its numerical integration presented in this paper could contribute to improving the accuracy of land-form classifications and relative studies.