China is a country with high seismicity. It is very important for industry and structure to fortify against earthquakes. In this paper the outline of seismicity in China, the criteria for fortification against earthqu...China is a country with high seismicity. It is very important for industry and structure to fortify against earthquakes. In this paper the outline of seismicity in China, the criteria for fortification against earthquakes and the contents of seismic zonation map of China are described. The contents of seismic safety evaluation for major construction projects, such as large dams, large bridges, long distance pipe lines for transporting oil and natural gas, nuclear plants, petrochemical enterprises and so on, are presented. Some geological disasters caused by destructive earthquake, such as earthquake caused collapse and landslide, liquefaction of saturated soil and earthquake fault and so on, are also presented. Preventive countermeasures for these disasters are discussed.展开更多
Mine geology disasters include mine water, mine solid waste, apron and slide, ground collapse sink and underground fracture, etc.. The subject was studied in many ways, and fuzzy mathematics was usually used. It may a...Mine geology disasters include mine water, mine solid waste, apron and slide, ground collapse sink and underground fracture, etc.. The subject was studied in many ways, and fuzzy mathematics was usually used. It may assure the result and distinguish the dangerous rank of different areas. But it has two defects： The first is the result is not very exact, especially the border; The second is it is short of quantity. Fuzzy mathematics and grey theory were used in order to solve the problem. Firstly, mathematical model was constructed by using grey theory, so as to evaluate and forecast the dangerous rank of mining geology disaster in different areas. Then different areas were analyzed and divided by fuzzy mathematics. By doing these, similitude rules are not only studied but also differences are discriminated. Through the practice it can be known that the result is more accurate than before.展开更多
Urban geo_environment mainly concerns those regards in and around a city,such as the movement of earth crust and earth surface,conditions of hydrology,geology,geography and meteorology.The relevant studies on geo_disa...Urban geo_environment mainly concerns those regards in and around a city,such as the movement of earth crust and earth surface,conditions of hydrology,geology,geography and meteorology.The relevant studies on geo_disaster reduction and the influences resulted from human activities on the geo_environment are included as well.It is stressed in the paper that geo_environmental protection and management are of significance to the sustainable development for Chinese cities.展开更多
The Wulipo landslide, triggered by heavy rainfall on July 10, 2013, transformed into debris flow,resulted in the destruction of 12 houses, 44 deaths, and 117 missing. Our systematic investigation has led to the follow...The Wulipo landslide, triggered by heavy rainfall on July 10, 2013, transformed into debris flow,resulted in the destruction of 12 houses, 44 deaths, and 117 missing. Our systematic investigation has led to the following results and to a new understanding about the formation and evolution process of this hazard. The fundamental factors of the formation of the landslide are a high-steep free surface at the front of the slide mass and the sandstone-mudstone mixed stratum structure of the slope. The inducing factor of the landslide is hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure change caused by heavy continuous rainfall. The geological mechanical model of the landslide can be summarized as "instability-translational slide-tension fracture-collapse" and the formation mechanism as "translational landslide induced by heavy rainfall". The total volume of the landslide is 124.6×104 m3, and 16.3% of the sliding mass was dropped down from the cliff and transformed into debris flow during the sliding process, which enlarged 46.7% of the original sliding deposit area. The final accumulation area is found to be 9.2×104 m2. The hazard is a typical example of a disaster chain involving landslide and its induced debris flow. The concealment and disaster chain effect is the main reason for the heavy damage. In future risk assessment, it is suggested to enhance the research onpotential landslide identification for weakly intercalated slopes. By considering the influence of the behaviors of landslide-induced debris flow, the disaster area could be determined more reasonably.展开更多
Quaternary aeolian environment researches were mainly conducted by analyzing the information carriers, extracting valuable evidences about aeolian environment changes, so to presume and reconstruct paleoenvironments. ...Quaternary aeolian environment researches were mainly conducted by analyzing the information carriers, extracting valuable evidences about aeolian environment changes, so to presume and reconstruct paleoenvironments. This paper formulated progress in Quaternary aeolian environment research using dune-morphological records, sedimentological records and bio-fossils records, as well as advances about chronology; presented that people should pay more attention to further synthetic study of multi-types of records including dune morphology, size, formation time, sediment supply, and their relations with wind regime in future, especially the research on dating method.展开更多
Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at co...Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at communicating in an effective manner with non-geologists. This paper firstly identifies the more subtle facets of topical major issues （the drivers） where geologists can contribute important perspectives. Next, the detractions to effective communication are identified, along with the recommended means to overcome them （the mechanisms）. Many topical issues are in fact geologically-underpinned （e.g. obviously, geohazards）, so geologists ought to have something meaningful to say. By the same token, if geologists have difficulty communicating with other scientists, how can they possibly hope to communicate with journalists and with the public at large？ Proper scientific contextualization is an ideal starting point, but this fundamental framing step does not always suit protagonists who have non-scientific agendas. Thus, geologists not only have to convey their science （geology） in an understandable way, but to do so in a truly effective manner must recognize and take into account possible predispositions that their audience may have.展开更多
文摘China is a country with high seismicity. It is very important for industry and structure to fortify against earthquakes. In this paper the outline of seismicity in China, the criteria for fortification against earthquakes and the contents of seismic zonation map of China are described. The contents of seismic safety evaluation for major construction projects, such as large dams, large bridges, long distance pipe lines for transporting oil and natural gas, nuclear plants, petrochemical enterprises and so on, are presented. Some geological disasters caused by destructive earthquake, such as earthquake caused collapse and landslide, liquefaction of saturated soil and earthquake fault and so on, are also presented. Preventive countermeasures for these disasters are discussed.
文摘Mine geology disasters include mine water, mine solid waste, apron and slide, ground collapse sink and underground fracture, etc.. The subject was studied in many ways, and fuzzy mathematics was usually used. It may assure the result and distinguish the dangerous rank of different areas. But it has two defects： The first is the result is not very exact, especially the border; The second is it is short of quantity. Fuzzy mathematics and grey theory were used in order to solve the problem. Firstly, mathematical model was constructed by using grey theory, so as to evaluate and forecast the dangerous rank of mining geology disaster in different areas. Then different areas were analyzed and divided by fuzzy mathematics. By doing these, similitude rules are not only studied but also differences are discriminated. Through the practice it can be known that the result is more accurate than before.
文摘Urban geo_environment mainly concerns those regards in and around a city,such as the movement of earth crust and earth surface,conditions of hydrology,geology,geography and meteorology.The relevant studies on geo_disaster reduction and the influences resulted from human activities on the geo_environment are included as well.It is stressed in the paper that geo_environmental protection and management are of significance to the sustainable development for Chinese cities.
基金funded by the key project of Sichuan province (Grand No. 2014SZ0163)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41372301)the Key Deployment Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZZD-EW-05-01-02)
文摘The Wulipo landslide, triggered by heavy rainfall on July 10, 2013, transformed into debris flow,resulted in the destruction of 12 houses, 44 deaths, and 117 missing. Our systematic investigation has led to the following results and to a new understanding about the formation and evolution process of this hazard. The fundamental factors of the formation of the landslide are a high-steep free surface at the front of the slide mass and the sandstone-mudstone mixed stratum structure of the slope. The inducing factor of the landslide is hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure change caused by heavy continuous rainfall. The geological mechanical model of the landslide can be summarized as "instability-translational slide-tension fracture-collapse" and the formation mechanism as "translational landslide induced by heavy rainfall". The total volume of the landslide is 124.6×104 m3, and 16.3% of the sliding mass was dropped down from the cliff and transformed into debris flow during the sliding process, which enlarged 46.7% of the original sliding deposit area. The final accumulation area is found to be 9.2×104 m2. The hazard is a typical example of a disaster chain involving landslide and its induced debris flow. The concealment and disaster chain effect is the main reason for the heavy damage. In future risk assessment, it is suggested to enhance the research onpotential landslide identification for weakly intercalated slopes. By considering the influence of the behaviors of landslide-induced debris flow, the disaster area could be determined more reasonably.
基金Undertheauspicesof the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40271114, 40471013)
文摘Quaternary aeolian environment researches were mainly conducted by analyzing the information carriers, extracting valuable evidences about aeolian environment changes, so to presume and reconstruct paleoenvironments. This paper formulated progress in Quaternary aeolian environment research using dune-morphological records, sedimentological records and bio-fossils records, as well as advances about chronology; presented that people should pay more attention to further synthetic study of multi-types of records including dune morphology, size, formation time, sediment supply, and their relations with wind regime in future, especially the research on dating method.
文摘Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at communicating in an effective manner with non-geologists. This paper firstly identifies the more subtle facets of topical major issues （the drivers） where geologists can contribute important perspectives. Next, the detractions to effective communication are identified, along with the recommended means to overcome them （the mechanisms）. Many topical issues are in fact geologically-underpinned （e.g. obviously, geohazards）, so geologists ought to have something meaningful to say. By the same token, if geologists have difficulty communicating with other scientists, how can they possibly hope to communicate with journalists and with the public at large？ Proper scientific contextualization is an ideal starting point, but this fundamental framing step does not always suit protagonists who have non-scientific agendas. Thus, geologists not only have to convey their science （geology） in an understandable way, but to do so in a truly effective manner must recognize and take into account possible predispositions that their audience may have.
