[Objective] This study was performed to determine the effects of sowing dates and sites on grain quality and Rapid Viscosity Analyzer （RVA） profile of Nan-jing 46. [Method] The field experiments were carried out at ...[Objective] This study was performed to determine the effects of sowing dates and sites on grain quality and Rapid Viscosity Analyzer （RVA） profile of Nan-jing 46. [Method] The field experiments were carried out at five sites in Jiangsu Province, and in every site, the seeds were sowing on seven different dates. RVA related indices were measured after harvest. [Result] Along with the delay of sowing date, the mil ing quality of Nanjing 46 increased at first and then reduced, while its appearance quality went up and the cooling and edible quality decreased. With the sowing sites moving southward, the rice mil ing quality, appearance quality, and cooling and edible quality of Nanjing 46 decreased at first and then increased. Grain traits responded variably to the sowing dates and sites. The brown rice rate, grain width, grain length, length/width, mil ed rice rate and head mil ed rice rate were less affected, while the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree were more af-fected. The gelatinization temperature, protein content, amylose content, gel consis-tency and eating value were in-between. The RVA profile analysis revealed that the breakdown value, setback value and pasting temperature were affected by the sow-ing date and geographical environment. The peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool vis-cosity and peak time were influenced more by geographical environment. With the delay of the sowing date, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity, setback value and pasting temperature decreased at first and then increased, while the breakdown value changed inversely, and the peak time did not exhibit a regular trend. With the decrease of latitude, the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown and cool viscosity declined at first and then increased, the setback value and peak time decreased, while the pasting temperature increased. [Conclusion] This study wil provide refer-ences for the effective production of Nanjing 46.展开更多
The mid-Pliocene, the most recent warm geological period, is thought to be indicative of the fate of the Earth's climate under global warming. Earlier evidence has suggested that permanent El Nio-like conditions e...The mid-Pliocene, the most recent warm geological period, is thought to be indicative of the fate of the Earth's climate under global warming. Earlier evidence has suggested that permanent El Nio-like conditions existed in the mid-Pliocene, though the concept of a permanent El Nio remains controversial. Here, the authors analyzed Nio 3.4 SST in pre-industrial and mid-Pliocene simulations with the low-resolution version of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM-L). The simulated mid-Pliocene Nio3.4 SST, with a smaller standard deviation, indicated that a weaker ENSO existed in the mid-Pliocene relative to the pre-industrial experiment. Compared with earlier modeling studies, our simulations show that the problem of ENSO's standard deviations in the mid-Pliocene remains unresolved, although the mean and the period of ENSO in the mid-Pliocene have been resolved by earlier geological and modeling studies.展开更多
Based on the collection and analysis of achievements of other scholars, and by consulting the results of seismic safety evaluation of engineering sites and field surveys of recent years, the seismotectonic indicators ...Based on the collection and analysis of achievements of other scholars, and by consulting the results of seismic safety evaluation of engineering sites and field surveys of recent years, the seismotectonic indicators are determined for northwest Yunnan and its vicinity, and then potential seismic sources are further delineated. In practice, the following principles are applied: for areas with strong historical earthquakes, the recurrence principle is used to determine the upper bound magnitude; for areas with distinct seismogenic structure but no historical strong earthquake records, the tectonic analogy principle is used in the light of the size and activity behavior of the structure; for areas where the segmentation of the active fault is well studied, the potential sources will be demarcated more precisely; and for areas with buried fault, the seismicity pattern and geophysical abnormity are used to determine the direction of the major axis of the potential seismic source.展开更多
The determination of collapse margin ratio(CMR)of structure is influenced by many uncertain factors.Some factors that can affect the calculation of CMR,e.g.,the elongation of the structural fundamental period prior to...The determination of collapse margin ratio(CMR)of structure is influenced by many uncertain factors.Some factors that can affect the calculation of CMR,e.g.,the elongation of the structural fundamental period prior to collapse,the determination of earthquake intensity measure,the seismic hazard probability,and the difference of the spectral shapes between the median spectrum of the ground motions and the design spectrum,were discussed.Considering the elongation of the structural fundamental period,the intensity measure Sa(T1)should be replaced with *aS in the calculation of CMR for short-period and medium-period structures.The reasonable intensity measure should be determined by the correlation analysis between the earthquake intensity measure and the damage index of the structure.Otherwise,CMR should be adjusted according to the seismic hazard probability and the difference in the spectral shapes.For important long-period structures,CMR should be determined by the special site spectrum.The results indicate that both Sa(T1)and spectrum intensity(SI)could be used as intensity measures in the calculation of CMR for medium-period structures,but SI would be a better choice for long-period structures.Moreover,an adjusted CMR that reflects the actual seismic collapse safety of structures is provided.展开更多
Elimination of human losses is the main and immediate task in the seismic vulnerability problem.The authors suggest the ways of development of seismic research and discussion of defense problems for reducing of seismi...Elimination of human losses is the main and immediate task in the seismic vulnerability problem.The authors suggest the ways of development of seismic research and discussion of defense problems for reducing of seismic vulnerability. It is the ways of nonlinear seismology region. Unconditionally seism zoning and the theory of catastrophes allow reduce human losses and building destruction. But well-known isoseists are the private case of caustic catastrophe theory or seismo-acoustics, so seism zoning can be amounted to 6 elementary catastrophe forms. It will better help to predict seismic actions. The short-time local prediction of seismic events is general method for strong reducing of human losses. This method takes into account chaotic properties of stress fields and waves and the peculiarities of urban area. It bases on the natural seismo-emission phenomenon and is realized by long-time monitoring, which gives statistically and geographically continuous picture （chart） of seismic noise level inside geologic media. The instruments of this strategy are shock and pressure-proofed seismometers for long-time monitoring and control the state of geological media including underwater shelf areas. The authors think that the active protecting for cities and buildings as the best modem form of people safety consists in stress discharge of geologic media. Ultrasonic wave defense includes and bases on strong interaction between powerful waves from earthquake and ultrasonic wave train. The authors want to point out that the technical objects may be used lbr the investigation of earthquakes induced and some reasons of seismic vulnerability. Also reducing of seismic vulnerability contains as component kinetic acting on volcano at the pre-explosive stage. The interesting and important aspect of defense problem is observation of the inharmonic wave processes in the soil and quasi-constant forces as the nearest seismic analogue of radiation forces in nonlinear acoustics under powerful earthquake seismic tremor.展开更多
The cement dry jet mixing method has been used to reinforce soft cohesive ground to increase the strength of soft cohesive ground and to decrease its deformation. The study briefly introduces the curing mechanism of c...The cement dry jet mixing method has been used to reinforce soft cohesive ground to increase the strength of soft cohesive ground and to decrease its deformation. The study briefly introduces the curing mechanism of cement-soil,presents the factors of influencing on compressive strength,mainly analyses the factors including cement mixing ratio,cement strength grade,curing age,moisture content and soil texture and puts forward some rational proposals at last.展开更多
Debris flow and Karst collapse are the main parts of geological disasters in Anshan, which have affected on the construction and development of the social economy of Anshan. In order to enhance the studies of rules of...Debris flow and Karst collapse are the main parts of geological disasters in Anshan, which have affected on the construction and development of the social economy of Anshan. In order to enhance the studies of rules of disaster and give scientific estimation and alarm ahead of schedule warning, we established the warning system of Anshan and investigated the corresponding software, which are based on the deep discussions about the crisis estimation and methods of prediction of disasters. In this paper, the foundation of model used in estimating the alarm ahead of schedule for disaster and the methods of appraisal for the alarm ahead of schedule are discussed. This system for warning and evaluating is the combination of the models of warning and GIS fiat roof, with so many virtues, such as complete functions, convenience, applicability, which has considered the output of data, analyses of space, chooses of model, output of production, report of information for warning and the statements and help of system.展开更多
The second member of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sanhuiba area in Huaying Mountain is an important section of sedimentary delta facies in the Chongqing Tianfu Geological Survey and Training Base. In spite of...The second member of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sanhuiba area in Huaying Mountain is an important section of sedimentary delta facies in the Chongqing Tianfu Geological Survey and Training Base. In spite of some initial efforts on its lithology and lithofacies, the existing research is yet to be completed and suffers from contradictory conclusions and inadequate evidence. Starting from the sedimentary microfaeies types and cyclic features, we analyzed the vertical sequence of a sedimentary delta model and discovered that this section is a constructional delta deposit. Eight incomplete and asymmetric regressive cycles are marked off, given that frequent erosion surfaces appeared in the section. Based on the analysis of structural characteristics of every monocycle, we summarized the system of cycles, tracts and sequence characteristics of the overall section. In view of this systematic series of cycles, we discussed the features of the syndepositional tectonic movements in the area and conclude that, due to frequent erosion, migration and diversion of a sub-channel branch was brought about by oscillating movements of the crust. In a comparison with neighboring sections, we explored the cause of erosion and the relations between erosion and cycles. This study greatly strengthens existing research and theories, makes an important and comprehensive contribution to geological surveys and training in the area and provides essential suggestions for coal exploration, oil and gas evaluation and in general to exploration and development in the target stratum.展开更多
In order to investigate the behavior of buildings and engineering structures during earthquakes, based on the data of seismic observation devices mounted on constructions with typical characteristics, results of inves...In order to investigate the behavior of buildings and engineering structures during earthquakes, based on the data of seismic observation devices mounted on constructions with typical characteristics, results of investigating the change of mechanical properties of building structural system over time and the results of examination of structural rigidity and safety change over time, depending on the dynamic characteristics of the building, determined by experimental investigations made at intervals are mentioned in this article. In addition, evaluation of earthquake acceleration acting on structures due to earthquake-induced damage characteristics of buildings and engineering constructions which are made earthquake resistant is also included here.展开更多
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-47)Super Late-maturing Rice Variety Breeding and Demonstration Program of Ministry of Agriculture~~
文摘[Objective] This study was performed to determine the effects of sowing dates and sites on grain quality and Rapid Viscosity Analyzer （RVA） profile of Nan-jing 46. [Method] The field experiments were carried out at five sites in Jiangsu Province, and in every site, the seeds were sowing on seven different dates. RVA related indices were measured after harvest. [Result] Along with the delay of sowing date, the mil ing quality of Nanjing 46 increased at first and then reduced, while its appearance quality went up and the cooling and edible quality decreased. With the sowing sites moving southward, the rice mil ing quality, appearance quality, and cooling and edible quality of Nanjing 46 decreased at first and then increased. Grain traits responded variably to the sowing dates and sites. The brown rice rate, grain width, grain length, length/width, mil ed rice rate and head mil ed rice rate were less affected, while the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree were more af-fected. The gelatinization temperature, protein content, amylose content, gel consis-tency and eating value were in-between. The RVA profile analysis revealed that the breakdown value, setback value and pasting temperature were affected by the sow-ing date and geographical environment. The peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool vis-cosity and peak time were influenced more by geographical environment. With the delay of the sowing date, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity, setback value and pasting temperature decreased at first and then increased, while the breakdown value changed inversely, and the peak time did not exhibit a regular trend. With the decrease of latitude, the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown and cool viscosity declined at first and then increased, the setback value and peak time decreased, while the pasting temperature increased. [Conclusion] This study wil provide refer-ences for the effective production of Nanjing 46.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2010CB950102)the Strategic and Special Frontier Project of Science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. XDA05080803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40902054)
文摘The mid-Pliocene, the most recent warm geological period, is thought to be indicative of the fate of the Earth's climate under global warming. Earlier evidence has suggested that permanent El Nio-like conditions existed in the mid-Pliocene, though the concept of a permanent El Nio remains controversial. Here, the authors analyzed Nio 3.4 SST in pre-industrial and mid-Pliocene simulations with the low-resolution version of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM-L). The simulated mid-Pliocene Nio3.4 SST, with a smaller standard deviation, indicated that a weaker ENSO existed in the mid-Pliocene relative to the pre-industrial experiment. Compared with earlier modeling studies, our simulations show that the problem of ENSO's standard deviations in the mid-Pliocene remains unresolved, although the mean and the period of ENSO in the mid-Pliocene have been resolved by earlier geological and modeling studies.
文摘Based on the collection and analysis of achievements of other scholars, and by consulting the results of seismic safety evaluation of engineering sites and field surveys of recent years, the seismotectonic indicators are determined for northwest Yunnan and its vicinity, and then potential seismic sources are further delineated. In practice, the following principles are applied: for areas with strong historical earthquakes, the recurrence principle is used to determine the upper bound magnitude; for areas with distinct seismogenic structure but no historical strong earthquake records, the tectonic analogy principle is used in the light of the size and activity behavior of the structure; for areas where the segmentation of the active fault is well studied, the potential sources will be demarcated more precisely; and for areas with buried fault, the seismicity pattern and geophysical abnormity are used to determine the direction of the major axis of the potential seismic source.
基金Projects(51161120359,90915005)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-08-0096)supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of the Ministry of China
文摘The determination of collapse margin ratio(CMR)of structure is influenced by many uncertain factors.Some factors that can affect the calculation of CMR,e.g.,the elongation of the structural fundamental period prior to collapse,the determination of earthquake intensity measure,the seismic hazard probability,and the difference of the spectral shapes between the median spectrum of the ground motions and the design spectrum,were discussed.Considering the elongation of the structural fundamental period,the intensity measure Sa(T1)should be replaced with *aS in the calculation of CMR for short-period and medium-period structures.The reasonable intensity measure should be determined by the correlation analysis between the earthquake intensity measure and the damage index of the structure.Otherwise,CMR should be adjusted according to the seismic hazard probability and the difference in the spectral shapes.For important long-period structures,CMR should be determined by the special site spectrum.The results indicate that both Sa(T1)and spectrum intensity(SI)could be used as intensity measures in the calculation of CMR for medium-period structures,but SI would be a better choice for long-period structures.Moreover,an adjusted CMR that reflects the actual seismic collapse safety of structures is provided.
文摘Elimination of human losses is the main and immediate task in the seismic vulnerability problem.The authors suggest the ways of development of seismic research and discussion of defense problems for reducing of seismic vulnerability. It is the ways of nonlinear seismology region. Unconditionally seism zoning and the theory of catastrophes allow reduce human losses and building destruction. But well-known isoseists are the private case of caustic catastrophe theory or seismo-acoustics, so seism zoning can be amounted to 6 elementary catastrophe forms. It will better help to predict seismic actions. The short-time local prediction of seismic events is general method for strong reducing of human losses. This method takes into account chaotic properties of stress fields and waves and the peculiarities of urban area. It bases on the natural seismo-emission phenomenon and is realized by long-time monitoring, which gives statistically and geographically continuous picture （chart） of seismic noise level inside geologic media. The instruments of this strategy are shock and pressure-proofed seismometers for long-time monitoring and control the state of geological media including underwater shelf areas. The authors think that the active protecting for cities and buildings as the best modem form of people safety consists in stress discharge of geologic media. Ultrasonic wave defense includes and bases on strong interaction between powerful waves from earthquake and ultrasonic wave train. The authors want to point out that the technical objects may be used lbr the investigation of earthquakes induced and some reasons of seismic vulnerability. Also reducing of seismic vulnerability contains as component kinetic acting on volcano at the pre-explosive stage. The interesting and important aspect of defense problem is observation of the inharmonic wave processes in the soil and quasi-constant forces as the nearest seismic analogue of radiation forces in nonlinear acoustics under powerful earthquake seismic tremor.
文摘The cement dry jet mixing method has been used to reinforce soft cohesive ground to increase the strength of soft cohesive ground and to decrease its deformation. The study briefly introduces the curing mechanism of cement-soil,presents the factors of influencing on compressive strength,mainly analyses the factors including cement mixing ratio,cement strength grade,curing age,moisture content and soil texture and puts forward some rational proposals at last.
文摘Debris flow and Karst collapse are the main parts of geological disasters in Anshan, which have affected on the construction and development of the social economy of Anshan. In order to enhance the studies of rules of disaster and give scientific estimation and alarm ahead of schedule warning, we established the warning system of Anshan and investigated the corresponding software, which are based on the deep discussions about the crisis estimation and methods of prediction of disasters. In this paper, the foundation of model used in estimating the alarm ahead of schedule for disaster and the methods of appraisal for the alarm ahead of schedule are discussed. This system for warning and evaluating is the combination of the models of warning and GIS fiat roof, with so many virtues, such as complete functions, convenience, applicability, which has considered the output of data, analyses of space, chooses of model, output of production, report of information for warning and the statements and help of system.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50678182 and 40802001)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City (No.2008 BA0015)the Research Fund for Teaching Reform in Institutes of Higher Learning, Chongqing, China (No.09-3-094)
文摘The second member of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sanhuiba area in Huaying Mountain is an important section of sedimentary delta facies in the Chongqing Tianfu Geological Survey and Training Base. In spite of some initial efforts on its lithology and lithofacies, the existing research is yet to be completed and suffers from contradictory conclusions and inadequate evidence. Starting from the sedimentary microfaeies types and cyclic features, we analyzed the vertical sequence of a sedimentary delta model and discovered that this section is a constructional delta deposit. Eight incomplete and asymmetric regressive cycles are marked off, given that frequent erosion surfaces appeared in the section. Based on the analysis of structural characteristics of every monocycle, we summarized the system of cycles, tracts and sequence characteristics of the overall section. In view of this systematic series of cycles, we discussed the features of the syndepositional tectonic movements in the area and conclude that, due to frequent erosion, migration and diversion of a sub-channel branch was brought about by oscillating movements of the crust. In a comparison with neighboring sections, we explored the cause of erosion and the relations between erosion and cycles. This study greatly strengthens existing research and theories, makes an important and comprehensive contribution to geological surveys and training in the area and provides essential suggestions for coal exploration, oil and gas evaluation and in general to exploration and development in the target stratum.
文摘In order to investigate the behavior of buildings and engineering structures during earthquakes, based on the data of seismic observation devices mounted on constructions with typical characteristics, results of investigating the change of mechanical properties of building structural system over time and the results of examination of structural rigidity and safety change over time, depending on the dynamic characteristics of the building, determined by experimental investigations made at intervals are mentioned in this article. In addition, evaluation of earthquake acceleration acting on structures due to earthquake-induced damage characteristics of buildings and engineering constructions which are made earthquake resistant is also included here.
