考虑地质演化过程的断层三维建模技术研究进展

断层的形成受地质演化过程影响,断层所处的应力场会对未来演化趋势产生影响。因此,断层建模不应仅对断层当前形态、属性进行准确刻画,还应涵盖断层演化及未来可能的趋势等动态过程。本文回顾了传统断层建模方法、断层表面模型、曲面拟合方法的研究现状及断层建模难点问题。研究基于地质演化过程的粗糙断层面建模方法、三维断层恢复及断层活动性预测等问题。认为断层建模中应融入动态地质演化思想,采取基于地质演化过程的断层面构建及曲面插值拟合方法,基于已有数据进行三维断层恢复、断层活动性预测及区域地质力学稳定性评价。

改进的特殊地质单元综合方法——以岩脉为例

岩脉总是与矿脉密切共生,对于揭示区域地质演化过程、指导找矿工作具有重要意义,但在地质图自动综合过程中,由于岩脉出露规模较小,通常被合并处理。针对地质图综合过程中岩脉信息丢失问题,提出了地质图综合过程中基于地理事实的岩脉综合方法。首先根据连续性原则,识别潜在同源的岩脉组,再推理演绎地质过程,对岩脉进行同一性判断,对岩脉进行初步合并;其次,在开方根定律的基础上,确定相应比例尺地图的载负量及面积阈值,并根据计算结果对岩脉进行取舍;最后,简化岩脉的外部轮廓以及内部结构,避免制图比例尺变换过程中导致的岩脉与其他地质单元之间的邻近冲突问题,从而实现地质图的岩脉综合处理。试验结果与现有小比例尺地质图对比表明:所提出的岩脉自动综合方法较合理,可以在保留地层岩性特征、地质构造特征的条件下,有效避免岩脉的完整性被破坏,综合过程受人为因素的影响较小。该方法为地质图综合过程中特殊地理要素高效处理提供了一个新的思路。

High-P/T experimental studies and water in the silicate mantle

Water(or H) in the silicate mantle is a key element in influencing Earth's climate, habitability, geochemical evolution, geophysical properties and geodynamical processes, and has received increasing attention in the past decades. Experimental work under simulated high-pressure and high-temperature conditions is a powerful tool in characterizing the species, distribution, storage capacity and various physicochemical impacts of water in the mantle. In recent years, significant approaches have been acquired about some key physical, chemical and dynamical properties of water in the mantle and their various impacts, as a result of extensive studies by high-pressure and temperature experiments, and our knowledge of Earth's water cycle, especially the deep water cycle, on both temporal and spatial scales has been greatly enhanced. In this paper, a brief review based mainly on experimental studies is presented concerning the current understanding and some recent approaches of water in the silicate mantle, such as the possible origin, amount, storage and the effect on mantle properties.