煤矿地质灾害特点以及防治措施解析

本文通过对煤矿地质灾害现状的了解,分析煤矿地质灾害的成因及特点,掌握其基本类型基础上制定防治措施,以为相关领域研究提供参考和借鉴。

汶川地震地质灾害发育特点及动因机制分析

汶川地震地质灾害具有发生范围广、密度大、明显的成群成带性、灾害类型以崩塌滑坡为主、且崩塌远多于滑坡以及次生地质灾害将长期存在的特点。这些特点主要是由于地震波自（地壳）内而外的、纵波和横波的连环传播导致山体先是结构性损伤，继而使表层岩土体失稳而造成的。岩性、地形地貌以及岩层倾向的差异也在一定程度上影响着灾害类型的发育和空间分布。汶川地震次生地质灾害防治将是一个任务艰巨、过程漫长、前所未有、充满科技挑战的一项系统工程。

陕北黄土粱峁沟壑区地质灾害与降雨关系浅析——以陕北延安地区2013年强降雨引发地质灾害为例

陕北黄土高原区,地质环境条件脆弱,地质灾害点多面广,2013年7月份陕北尤其是延安地区遭受强降雨袭击,造成严重经济损失及人员伤亡,据初步统计,倒塌房屋(窑洞)约4.5万间(孔),损毁房屋(窑洞)26.6万间(孔),造成154.5万人受灾,因灾死亡42人(含山洪及塌窑遇难者),直接经济损失115亿元。其中,引发滑坡、崩塌、泥流等地质灾害8 000余处,有人员伤亡及经济损失的灾情近300起,因地质灾害死亡近30人,分析在持续强降雨条件下,黄土高原地区地质灾害发生的特点及形成原因,并对引发地质灾害的临界降雨值进行了初步探讨。

Characteristics and Prevention of Secondary Geological Disasters of Wenchuan Earthquake

In the research, secondary geological disasters of Wenchuan earthquake were defined and the consequences were illustrated based on geological disasters, such as collapse, landslide and debris flow, and threats of barrier lakes. In addition, the characteristics of secondary disasters were analyzed, as follows： Rupture of geological faults lays foundation in terms of geological structure; loose solids provide resources of an earthquake; abundant rainfall and large runoffs are driving forces of an earthquake; rainstorm, flood, and long-term high temperature are major inducing factors. Furthermore, suggestions on prevention of secondary disasters were proposed in terms of prevention before, at and after an earthquake. Finally, the scientific and practical significances of secondary disasters were illustrated.