香溪河岩溶流域几种岩溶水系统的地质结构特征

香溪河流域位于湖北鄂西地区,属于中国南北岩溶过渡带。通过在香溪河岩溶流域开展1∶5万水文地质调查研究,不仅查明了调查区内基础地质及水文地质条件,且针对调查区地质结构的独特性,确定了香溪河流域岩溶水系统划分和岩溶水系统模式分类的原则,在此基础上划分了四类具有代表性的岩溶水系统结构模式:震旦-寒武双层分散排泄型、震旦单层分散排泄型、寒武-奥陶单层集中排泄型、二叠-三叠单层集中排泄型,并阐述了其地质结构特征和岩溶水的基本循环模式。研究结果对探索鄂西岩溶山区水资源量准确评价和解决当地岩溶干旱地区水资源开发利用问题具有重要意义。

西藏昌都白格滑坡斜坡地质结构特征及成因机制

在西藏昌都市江达县波罗乡发生的两次高位大型滑坡,形成堰塞体阻断金沙江,其溃决洪水对下游造成了巨大损失.本文基于野外地质调查与工程验证、遥感影像、倾斜摄影测量、岩体微观特征,结合区域地质资料进行分析研究.结果表明:(1)白格滑坡发育于金沙江构造混杂岩带,坡体属于河谷型构造破碎松散体;(2)坡体物质主要由弱变形构造透镜体岩块和强变形错动带(糜棱岩带、碎裂岩带、断层泥)组成,镜下岩石结构破坏严重,岩石强度显著降低;(3)断层破碎带控制滑坡体两侧及后缘边界,为滑坡提供了侧向及后缘的切割面;(4)不连续错动带为白格滑坡的滑动层,在重力卸荷作用下发生贯通,导致坡体发生多期次崩滑;(5)综合坡体失稳启动分析,白格滑坡为“推移式+牵引式”混合型滑坡;(6)白格滑坡是在内动力和外动力耦合作用相互交替下促进形成,加之金沙江对坡脚掏蚀,松散体在重力卸荷作用下剪切破坏致使滑坡发生.白格滑坡事件可为研究金沙江构造混杂岩带中大型滑坡形成机制提供依据,同时也为该区域防灾减灾研究提供理论指导.

某水电站的工程地质分析

高重力坝对岩体强度、坝基稳定性等有较高要求,在勘察过程中充分利用工程地质结构模型进行工程地质分析,对选定坝址岩体进行详细的工程地质岩组划分,查清各岩组的工程地质特性,进行坝址各建筑物方案比较,为坝线及建筑物位置确定提供准确依据。

雅砻江某水电站导流洞进水口边坡稳定性研究

雅砻江某水电站导流洞进水口边坡岩体结构面相对较发育,可能会对导流洞洞口边坡造成安全威胁。在野外搜集资料调研和室内研究分析的基础上,分析了边坡的变形破坏模式,采用极限平衡方法进行评价。并在此基础上,分析了导流洞进水口边坡产生破坏的可能性。研究表明,该处边坡仅在地震状况下处于基本稳定—不稳定状态。基于以上认识,提出了相应的工程措施,为导流洞进水口边坡在各个阶段的安全保障提供了可靠的依据。

某水电站尾水洞出口边坡稳定性研究

某水电站尾水洞出口边坡岩体结构面相对较发育,可能会对尾水洞出口边坡造成安全威胁。在野外搜集资料调研和室内研究分析的基础上,分析了边坡的变形破坏模式,采用极限平衡方法进行评价。并在此基础上,分析了尾水洞出口边坡产生破坏的可能性。研究表明,该处边坡仅在地震状况下处于基本稳定—不稳定状态。基于以上认识,提出了相应的工程措施,为尾水洞出口边坡在各个阶段的安全保障提供了可靠的依据。

Joint inversion of gravity and multiple components of tensor gravity data

Geological structures often exhibit smooth characteristics away from sharp discontinuities. One aim of geophysical inversion is to recover information about the smooth structures as well as about the sharp discontinuities. Because no specific operator can provide a perfect sparse representation of complicated geological models, hyper-parameter regularization inversion based on the iterative split Bregman method was used to recover the features of both smooth and sharp geological structures. A novel preconditioned matrix was proposed, which counteracted the natural decay of the sensitivity matrix and its inverse matrix was calculated easily. Application of the algorithm to synthetic data produces density models that are good representations of the designed models. The results show that the algorithm proposed is feasible and effective.

Geomorphological Evolution Revealed by Aeolian Sedimentary Structure in Badain Jaran Desert on Alxa Plateau, Northwest China

The Badain Jaran Desert,located in the Alxa Plateau,Northwest China,features mega-dunes and a unique dune-lake alternation landscape.This paper presented the aeolian sediment structures of three representative dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert using ground-penetrating radar (GPR).We processed and analyzed the GPR data and investigated the feasibility of using integrated GPR and sedimentological data to reconstruct dunes structure,sedimentary environment and geomorphological evolution.The results show that the internal structures of star dune and transverse dune represent various stages of mega-dune evolution: the main deposition processes of mega-dune are similar to those of transverse dunes but have a more complicated mechanism of sand transport and deposition because of the superimposition of dunes;the upper section of the mega-dune has a structure similar to that of star dune,with vertical aggradations on top.Diffraction hyperbolae in the GPR profile indicates that the presence of ancient dunes characterized by calcareous cementation layers is involved in the maintenance of mega-dunes,and water levels,shown by continuous,sub-horizontal GPR reflections,are supposed to be closely related to mega-dunes and the interdune lakes.Outcrop of wet sand and horizontal stratifications on the GPR image indicate moisture potentials with different levels inside mega-dunes.The multiplex geomorphology in the Badain Jaran Desert is the result of global climatic undulation,the unique geographical location,the geological structural features,etc.

Effects of micrite microtextures on the elastic and petrophysical properties of carbonate reservoirs

Apparent differences in sedimentation and diagenesis exist between carbonate reservoirs in different areas and affect their petrophysical and elastic properties.To elucidate the relevant mechanism,we study and analyze the characteristics of rock microstructure and elastic properties of carbonates and their variation regularity using 89 carbonate samples from the different areas The results show that the overall variation regularities of the physical and elastic properties of the carbonate rocks are controlled by the microtextures of the microcrystalline calcite,whereas the traditional classification of rock-and pore-structures is no longer applicable.The micrite microtextures can be divided,with respect to their morphological features,into porous micrite,compact micrite,and tight micrite.As the micrites evolves from the first to the last type,crystal boundaries are observed with increasingly close coalescence,the micritic intercrystalline porosity and pore-throat radius gradually decrease;meanwhile,the rigidity of the calcite microcrystalline particle boundary and elastic homogeneity are enhanced.As a result,the seismic elastic characteristics,such as permeability and velocity of samples,show a general trend of decreasing with the increase of porosity.For low-porosity rock samples(φ<5%)dominated by tight micrite,the micritic pores have limited contributions to porosity and permeability and the micrite elastic properties are similar to those of the rock matrix.In such cases,the macroscopic physical and elastic properties are more susceptible to the formation of cracks and dissolution pores,but these features are controlled by the pore structure.The pore aspect ratio can be used as a good indication of pore types.The bulk modulus aspect ratio for dissolution pores is greater than 0.2,whereas that of the intergranular pores ranges from 0.1 to 0.2.The porous and compact micrites are observed to have a bulk modulus aspect ratio less than 0.1,whereas the ratio of the tight micrite approaches 0.2。

Microstructure and texture characteristics of ZK60 Mg alloy processed by cyclic extrusion and compression

The microstructure and crystallographic texture characteristics of an extruded ZK60 Mg alloy subjected to cyclic extrusion and compression(CEC) up to 8 passes at 503 K were investigated.The local crystallographic texture,grain size and distribution,and grain boundary character distributions were analyzed using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The results indicate that the microstructure is refined significantly by the CEC processing and the distributions of grain size tend to be more uniform with increasing CEC pass number.The fraction of low angle grain boundaries(LAGBs) decreases after CEC deformation,and a high fraction of high angle grain boundaries(HAGBs) is revealed after 8 passes of CEC.Moreover,the initial fiber texture becomes random during CEC processing and develops a new texture.

Elementary Research on Activity Behavior of the Crust in Funan-Huoqiu Area, Southern Border of the North China Active Block Region

The Funan-Huoqiu area is located in the border tectonic belt between the North China and South China active block regions. By means of seismological and geological surveys and synthetic analysis, evidences of tectonic deformation in lower intensity have been found in the area since Late Pleistocene, where small earthquakes are distributed linearly along the main faults, conjugate shear joints are developed in the Upper Pleistocene nearby the faults. In the south of the studied region, fissures with different lengths, widths and directions occurred successively in Gushi, Huoqiu, Funan and other places of the area, in the 1970’s, and the direction of the fissures is approximately consistent with that of the Feizhong fault and Wanglaorenji fault. The authors hold that the clustering of small earthquakes, the conjugate shear joints developed in the Upper Pleistocene, the crumpled deformation of materials on fault plane, and the development of modern surface fissures in the area all reflect that the energy in the crust was slowly released, and that the weak deformation took place in corresponding faults. There was only one destructive earthquake taking place in the area (the Jiangkouji {M_S43/4} earthquake). Altogather, there has been weak activity in the area since the Late Quaternary, and it is mainly shown as a creep-slip.