京沪两地隆重纪念韬奋诞辰100周年 第四届韬奋出版奖在京颁发

综合消息:为纪念伟大的爱国者、杰出的出版家和新闻工作者邹韬奋诞生100周年,连日来首都和上海等地隆重举行各种纪念活动。 ●11月5日,首都各界人士隆重集会。李鹏总理在纪念大会上讲话,高度赞扬韬奋的革命精神和高尚品德。 ●江泽民总书记为纪念大会题词:“继承和弘扬韬奋同志真诚为人民服务的精神”,李鹏总理的题词是:“韬奋同志是新闻出版战线上的典范”。

Rhizome Elongation Growth of Umbrella Bamboo(Fargesia murielae) Seedlings at Its Native Home in Central China

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the rhizome elongation growth of umbrella bamboo （Fargesia murielae） seedlings in China. [Method] The study was conducted in Liangfengya, Shennongjia National Nature Reserve. In the field investigation, six clumps of umbrella bamboo which grow independently were randomly selected and labeled. Rhizome elongation growth parameters, length and diameter of all the ages were measured. The age classes of bamboo rhizome were ascertained by age grade backtracking method. [Result] Field investigation suggested that at seedling phase, rhizome of umbrella bamboo prolonged very quickly under yearly time sequence, following an exponential curve. It indicated that although it was 15 years since the mother population died back, new generation had not been established its stable population yet. [Conclusion] Studying elongation regulation of umbrella bamboo may provide the theory understanding of life cycle of this long lived bamboo species.

Phenotypic Plasticity in Response to the Heterogeneous Water Supplyin the Rhizomatous Grass Species, Calamagrostis epigejosin the Mu Us Sandy Land of China

Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. is a perennial grass with slender and long rhizome segments between interconnected neighbor ramets. To investigate the phenotypic plasticity in response to the heterogeneous soil water supply, ramet pairs of the species were subjected to heterogeneous water supply by which either mother ramets or daughter ramets were in high or low soil water supply, respectively, in the Maowusu (Mu Us) Sandy Land of Nei Mongol. The results showed that the phenotypic characteristics of the individual ramets of C epigejos were greatly influenced by the heterogeneous water supply. The ramets treated with high water supply significantly produced more new rhizomes and more offspring (ramets), and accumulated more shoot biomass, and allocated more biomass to their shoots than those treated with low water supply. In comparison with the daughter ramets in homogeneous soil water supply, phenotypic characteristics, in terms of new rhizome growth, the production of new offspring, and the biomass allocation pattern, of the daughter ramets within the pairs of the species were not significantly changed, no matter that high or low soil water supply to mother ramets. The phenotypic responses of mother ramets to soil water supply were similar to those of daughter ramets. From these results, it is inferred that the interconnected ramets of C epigejos response phenotypically to their local soil water rather than to the soil water experienced by the interconnected ramets. The interconnected ramets of C epigejos might be independent of each other in water relationship, although they are physically interconnected with rhizome segments. The physiological independence of interconnected ramets might facilitate the risk spreading and thus enhance the genet survivorship under the frequent drought stresses in Mu Us Sandland.

Agriculture Development in Agriculture Oriented County Based on Territorial Function ——A Case Study of Long’an County in GuangXi Zhuang Autonomous Region

[Objective] The aim was to research development plan of major agriculture-oriented county （MAOA or MAOC hereafter） based on territorial function. [Method] The relationship between Major Function Oriented Zoning （MFOZ hereafter） and agricultural development is explored with the case of Long＇an County in Guangxi. [Result] In the research, agricultural function, featured by composition and diversification, is considered one of territorial function typs, contributed by ecology, land, industries and population. With Long＇an as a study case, it can be concluded that the plan of major agriculture-oriented counties is as follows： With guidance of territorial function, the counties should formulate the strategies of major function oriented zones, strive for more social and economic resources for agricultural development, extend agricultural functions, enhance the role of agricultural additional functions, strengthen ecological conservation, improve agricultural productivity and transportation, reinforce exchange of countryside with other regions. In addition, attention should be paid to reconstruction of population and industry pattern for redistribution on the basis of evaluation on bearing capacity of resources and environment. [Conclusion] In future, major agriculture oriented county should coordinate relationship among agriculture, industries, ecology and population with rational distribution of territorial function in county to guarantee stable and sustainable agricultural development.

A new record of Picidae in China:the Brown-fronted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos auriceps)

A female Brown-fronted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos auriceps) was first observed and photographed in the Jilong Valley of the Mount Qomolangma Region,China,on 21 May 2012.The coordinates of the site are 28°19′25.03″N,85°20′29.70"E at an elevation of 2150 m.A few months later,a male was observed at 28°20′02.49"N,85°20′46.30"E on 8 August at an elevation of 2197 m.The habitat is a mountain temperate coniferous and dry broadleaved mixed forest of the warm temperate zone.

Prediction of ground surface displacement caused by grouting

Ground surface displacement caused by grouting was calculated with stochastic medium theory. Ground surface displacement was assumed to be caused by the cavity expansion of grouting, slurry seepage, and slurry contraction. A prediction method of ground surface displacement was developed. The reliability of the presented method was validated through a comparison between theoretical results and results from engineering practice. Results show that the present method is effective. The effect of parameters on uplift displacement was illustrated under different grouting conditions. Through analysis, it can be known that the ground surface uplift is mainly caused by osmosis of slurry and the primary influence angle of stratum β determines the influence range of surface uplift. Besides, the results show that ground surface uplift displacement decreases notably with increasing depth of the grouting cavity but it increases with increasing diffusion radius of grout and increasing grouting pressure.

Vertical Upheaval Buckling of Submarine Buried Heated Pipelines with Initial Imperfection

In this paper,a theoretical solution of vertical buckling is proposed with regard to the typical initial imperfection cases of submarine pipelines.Analytical tools are applied to predicting the occurrence and consequence of inservice buckling of a buried heated pipeline in Bohai Gulf.An evaluation is performed to ensure the pipeline structural integrity during operation under loading conditions.Different protection measures are proposed and their validities are analyzed.Analyses show that for the same magnitude of initial imperfection,the upheaval buckling of pipeline with isolated prop model is the most likely to occur.The empathetic model represents a special sub-case of continuous prop model,and the calculated buckle temperature is between the first stage and the second stage of post-upheaval buckling of continuous prop model.And the larger the initial imperfection,the less the axial force required for the upheaval buckling.Meanwhile,it can be seen that a peak point appears on the curves of temperature difference against buckling amplitude for small initial imperfection.Besides,trenching-burial is one kind of protection measures preventing the pipeline from thermal upheaval.The covered depth-to-diameter ratio depends on the design conditions and subsoil properties.For the given pipeline in this paper,the covered depth-to-diameter ratio is recommended to be 5.

Predominance of Plasmodium malariae-falciparum Co-Infection by Molecular Speciation in Bangolan, North West Region of Cameroon

Although microscopy still remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, rapid diagnostic tests （RDTs） and PCR assays have been shown to be sensitive and specific. Very few comparative studies have been reported of the three diagnostic methods on the same samples in vulnerable groups. Microscopy, RDTs and PCR assays were used for detection and speciation of Plasmodium falciparum （P）＇）, Plasmodium malariae （Pm） and Plasmodium ovale （Po） in patients in a rice culture savanna ecotype. Fifty four children and 16 pregnant women presenting with a fever were recruited. Bloods collected was used for thin and thick smears, perform RDTs and spotted blood on filter paper for DNA extraction and performance of a PCR. Mean parasitaemia was 37,619.06 （＋ 33,599.04） p/pL and 7,512.5 （＋ 12,446.11） p/μL for children and pregnant women, respectively. A total of 87.14% were positive by microscopy, 85.71% by RDTs and 90% by PCR. Distribution of Plasmodium species as identified by PCR was 72.86% Pf/Pm, 11.43% Pf/Pm/Po and 5.43% Pm while 10% were negative. Cohen＇s Kappa value for PCR and RDTs was K = 0.75 （CI = 0.28-1.22） while PCR and microscopy was K = 0.64 （CI = 0.18-1.10）. Malaria infection in Bangolan was mostly due to mix infection predominantly P. falciparum/P, malariae.

Composition and Origin of Ferromanganese Crusts from Equatorial Western Pacific Seamounts

In the equatorial western Pacific, iron-manganese oxyhydroxide crusts(Fe-Mn crusts) and nodules form on basaltic seamounts and on the top of drowned carbonate platform guyots that have been swept free of pelagic sediments. To date, the Fe-Mn crusts have been considered to be almost exclusively of abiotic origin. However, it has recently been suggested that these crusts may be a result of biomineralization. Although the Fe-Mn crust textures in the equatorial western Pacific are similar to those constructed by bacteria and algae, and biomarkers also document the existence of bacteria and algae dispersed within the Fe-Mn crusts, the precipitation, accumulation and distribution of elements, such as Fe, Mn, Ni and Co in Fe-Mn crusts are not controlled by microbial activity. Bacteria and algae are only physically incorporated into the crusts when dead plankton settle on the ocean floor and are trapped on the crust surface. Geochemical evidence suggests a hydrogenous origin of Fe-Mn crusts in the equatorial western Pacific, thus verifying a process for Fe-Mn crusts that involves the precipitation of colloidal phases from seawater followed by extensive scavenging of dissolved trace metals into the mineral phase during crust formation.

Episodic Orogeny Deduced from Coeval Sedimentary Sequences in the Foreland Basin and Its Implication for Uplift Process of Longmen Mountain,China

Longmen Mountain located at the boundary between the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau,representing the steepest gradient of any edges of the plateau.Three endmember models of uplift process and mechanism have been proposed,including crustal thickening,crustal flow,and crustal isostatic rebound.Here we use coeval sedimentary sequences in the foreland basin to restraint uplift process and mechanism in the Longmen Mountain.The more than 10,000 m thick Late TriassicQuaternary strata filled in this foreland basin and can be divided into six megasequences that are distinguished as two distinct types.The first type is the wedge-shaped megasequences which are sedimentary response of strong active thrust loading events,characterized by a high rate of subsidence and sediment accumulation,coarsening-upward succession and a dual-sourced sediment supply.This type includes Late Triassic,Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous to Paleogene megasequences.The second type is the tabular megasequences,characterized by the low rate of subsidence and sediment accumulation,finingupward succession,and a single-sourced sediment supply,which is sedimentary response of isostatic rebound and erosion unloading.This type includes the Early to Middle Jurassic,Middle Cretaceous and Neogene to Quaternary megasequences.Basing on sedimentary,active tectonic,geomorphic evidence,we infer that the direction has been reversed from SSWdirected sinistral strike-slip to NNE-directed dextral strike-slip during 40-3.6 Ma,and since 3.6 Ma,the Longmen Mountain thrust belt belong to times of isostatic rebound and erosional unloading with NNEdirected dextral strike-slip.This suggests that crustal isostatic rebound is a primary driver for uplift and topography of the present Longmen Mountain.The Wenchuan(Ms8.0) earthquake,which ruptured a large thrust fault with NNE-directed dextral strikeslip along the range front,is an active manifestation of this crustal isostatic rebound process with dextral strike-slipping and shortening.This process may be the cause for the Wenchuan Earthquake and the apparent paradox of high relief,little shortening,the relative dearth of historical seismicity in the region.

Study on mechanical principle of reinforcing sidewalls and corners of roadway to control floor heave by anchors

The movement principle of sidewalls and floor of extraction opening is analyzed, it is found that floor heave not only has something to do with the floor strata, but sidewalls. The effect of sidewall anchor and corner anchor is studied, the mechanical principle of reinforcing sidewalls and corners is put forward and applied in engineering practice.

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression profiles of thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis

Thioredoxin （Trx） proteins are involved in many biological processes especially the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis. In this study, two Trx cDNAs were cloned from the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis using rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction （RACE-PCR）. The two cDNAs were named MgTrxl and MgTrx2, respectively. The open reading frames of MgTrxl and MgTrx2 were 318 and 507 base pairs （bp） and they encoded proteins of 105 and 168 amino acids with estimated molecular masses of 11.45 and 18.93 kDa, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that both proteins possessed the conserved active site dithiol motif Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys. In addition, MgTrx2 also possessed a putative mitochondrial targeting signal suggesting that it is located in the mitochondria. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） revealed that both MgTrxl and MgTrx2 were constitutively expressed in all tissues examined. The MgTrxl transcript was most abundant in hemocytes and gills, whereas the MgTrx2 transcript was most abundant in gonad, hepatopancreas, gill and hemocytes. Following Vibrio anguillarum challenge, the expression of MgTrxl was up-regulated and reached its peak, at a value 10-fold the initial value, at 24 h. Subsequently, expression returned back to the original level. In contrast, the expression level of MgTrx2 was down-regulated following bacterial stimulation, with one fifth of the control level evident at 12 h post challenge. These results suggest that MgTrxl and MgTrx2 may play important roles in the response ofM. galloprovincialis to bacterial challenge.

Terraces and Tectonic Uplifts at Yandantu and Changcaogou on the Northern Margin Fault of Altun

The formation of strath and strath terrace is closely related to tectonic uplift in the drainage basin. Based on the investigation of straths at Yandantu and Changcaogou on the eastern segment of the northern margin fault of Altun, and in combination with the paleoclimatic data, the tectonic uplift since late Epipleistocene as revealed by stream terraces at the two places is discussed. At Yandantu, three levels of stream terraces(T 1, T 2 and T 3)have developed since 16ka BP, where T 1, T 3 and T 2 are fill terraces and the buried major straths are exposed. The ages of three treads are dated to be about 16.1ka BP, 12.8ka BP and 6.2ka BP, respectively. The three terraces reflect three tectonic uplift events, while the ages of the treads represent the occurrence time of these events. The stream is still beveling the bedrock and widening the channel at present, and the modern strath is being generated. The uplift rate is 4.8～4.5mm/a since 16.1 ka BP in this area. From 12.8ka B.P to 6.2ka BP, The uplift rate was 6.4mm/a. The uplift rate is 3.1mm/a since 6.2ka BP. At Changcaogou, four levels of stream terraces(T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 1′)have developed since 7ka BP. All of them are fill terraces. There are buried straths under the deposits. The buried major strath is exposed on T 3 and T 2 and the minor strath on T 1′and T 1. The ages of treads of the three terraces (T 3, T 2 and T 1′) are 7 ka BP, 3 ka BP and 2.5 ka BP, respectively. The four terraces reflect two uplift events induced by tectonic activities. One occurred in about 7 ka BP, and the other in 3ka BP. The uplift rate is 5.9mm/a since 7.0 ka BP at Changcaogou. From 7ka BP to 3ka BP, the uplift rate was 7.0mm/a, and since 3ka BP till now, the uplift rate is 4.7 mm/a.

Characteristics of Fault Activity in the Taiyangshan Uplift Area in Hunan,China

Lying on the west edge of Dongting Lake,the Taiyangshan area in Hunan Province is part of a hilly region which has uplifted since the Late Cenozoic.According to field investigation of the six existing faults in the Taiyangshan area,we found that four of them are not active in the Quaternary,and that the Gangshi-Hefu fault is likely to have been active in the early Mid-Pleistocene.The geological evidence derived suggests that the Xiaowupu fault was active from the late Mid-Pleistocene to the early late-Pleistocene.It cut the stratum with a TL age of 123±10ka BP and has the property of thrusting.The research results are of great significance for understanding the seismogenic structure of the Changde earthquake with M6 3/4 in 1631.

ON SOME KEY GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE LINGLONG-JIAOJIA ORE-CENTRALIZED DISTRICT IN SHANDONG PROVINCE,CHINA

The Linglong-Jiaojia ore-centralized district is controlled by the tectonic stress field characterized by the combination of extension and strike-slip, and the dip, dip angle, pitch and pitch angle of the ore bodies are all constrained by the dynamic conditions of the tectonics. The metallotectonic series for the ore-centralized district belong to the type of a combination of extension and strike-slip and can be subdivided into four sub-series. The ore-forming process in the brittle regime can be disintegrated into two stages, i.e., the embryonic fracture stage and the megascopic fracture stage, and ore-forming process is rather common in the ore-centralized district at the former stage. Moreover, several key structural patterns and their features were discussed and a preliminary assessment about the ore-forming prospect in this district was made in the paper.

Analysis of soft rock roadway deformation mechanism in Zhangshuanglou Mine

On basis of ground stress surveying and analysis of physical nature and mechanics character of rock, the deformation mechanism of west main roadway in Zhangshuanglou Mine is studied. It is put forward that engineering mechanics nature, infiltration of water and concentrated stress on pillar are the main factors to affect stability of the west main roadway. The overall thinking used to restore the roadway is raised.

Comparative Study on Telecommunications Base Stations＇ Power Supply Systems on Remote Sites in the Northern Part of Cameroon

The TBS （telecommunications base stations） on remote sites in the northern part of Cameroon are mainly supplied by a system of two generating units. Only a few TBS located in the Waza and Benue National Parks are powered by a PV （photovoltaic） solar system to avoid any disturbance to wildlife. It is against this background that we decided to do a comparative study on these two systems. This study focuses on the reliability of electrical quantities, the environmental impact and the installation and operating costs of these two major systems namely the GU （generating unit） system comprising two generating units and the PV system. In conducting this study, we took a sample of TBS including those located in the Badjouma and Waza localities. After collecting data from mobile telephony operators, measurements of electrical quantities on the sites for twelve consecutive months and updating costs, their operation reveal indicators that are surprising, to say the least. Concerning the reliability index, the PV system is estimated at 99.9% as against 97.8% for the GU system. As for environmental impact, the mass of CO2 released by the GU system reached 1,707.5 tons in 25 years for a single TBS while the PV system produced no emissions. In addition to its contribution to climate change, the GU system pollutes its immediate environment through the spillage of waste and production of deafening noise. On the other hand, economic analysis shows mixed results. The GU system has a lower installation cost of $6,640 as against $174,550 for the PV system, whose investment cost is its main handicap. Regarding operating costs, the GU system peaks at $923,940 in 25 years while the PV system requires only $487,550 for the same duration.

Linear Optical Scheme for Implementing Optimal Real State Cloning

We propose an experimental scheme for implementing the optimal 1 → 3 real state cloning via linear optical elements. This method relies on one polarized qubit and two location qubits and is feasible with current experimental technology.

Genetic Diversity of Cameroon Native Goat Populations Revealed by Caprine Microsatellites

A total of seventeen caprine microsatellite markers were used on 169 goats to investigate genetic diversity of eight Cameroon native goat populations and to assess genetic differentiation with the East African small goat. All microsatellites showed a high polymorphic content （PIC） of more than 0.5 in almost all ecotypes. These microsatellite markers were useful for native goat ecotypes variability assessment. Expected heterozygosity of all ecotypes was above 0.5, varying from 0.2 to 0.7. Only goats from Eastern rainforest ecotype deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test （P 〉 0.001）. Although geographic distribution was a good indication of differentiation, there appeared a tendency of genetic exchange between various ecotypes in Cameroon native goats.

The Role of Harmattan in the Edaphic Processes in the Extreme-North-Cameroon

In the Cameroonian sudano-sahelian and sahelian zone, karal soils i.e., vertisoils and soils with vertic similarities largely spread on tropical black clay in depressions and fiat sectors. Those black cotton soils are out of season＇s sorghum loft, locally called as muskwari. As the staple diet in the Cameroonian dry areas, this crop becomes more and more an alternative to drying or better to climate changes. Till now, those soils are considered to be lacustrine or they are resulting just from weathering, according to pedologic researchs. The purpose of this communication, therefore, is to show the effects of Harmattan on the basis of our field＇s observations, investigations and superficial deposits＇ analysis： granulometry and diffractometry in the laboratory. Harmattan is a dry and stable air mass which originates from the saharian anticyclone. Its participation in edaphics process is very relevant. Indeed, dust storms take place throughout the dry season and vertisoil spreads out on various topographic locations bringing about homogeneity of texture and similarity of mineralogic spectrum. Their high kaolinite content, thin granulometric component （fine sand, silt and clay） are indicative of Aeolian loessial dust deposits. It could not be something else in this area of the most southern saharian blow of the great Saharo-Sahelian GWAS （global wind action system） in sub-equatorial latitudes, in line with the venturi formed by Ennedi and Tibesti mountains.