高速铁路运行控制用地震动参数及单台地震预警技术研究

地震预警是近年来发展起来的防震减灾的有效手段之一。中国是一个地震多发国家,同时地震也是一种发生概率较小但对铁路行车安全危害极大的自然灾害,随着我国铁路实施了6次大提速和开行高速列车,列车运行速度和列车密度的不断提高,较小震级的地震对路基、轨道、桥梁等的冲击都可能导致危害旅客生命安全的重大事故。在这种形势下,地震时如果能在破坏性地震动到来前提早哪怕是短短的几十秒甚至几秒对高速铁路实施报警和紧急处置，将大大降低旅客生命财产损失的发生概率，因此，对中国高速铁路来说，迫切需要建设地震预警系统。

无线自记测震系统在露天矿山爆破地震控制中的应用

在国内，对工程爆破地震效应的观测基本上形成了自己的观测系统和手段，尤其是无线自记测震系统的运用。这种系统测试数据精确，操作简单，没有长电缆。该系统在露天矿山控制爆破中初步应用，已获得了比较理想的效果。

调谐液体阻尼器对高层结构抗震性能的影响分析

在高层结构中,调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)是结构被动控制的一种装置,在结构风振控制中得到了广泛的应用,但是在地震作用下TLD对高层结构的控制技术还不完善。通过Sap2000有限元软件建立了实际框架-核心筒模型,对TLD在地震作用下的影响因素进行动力时程分析,研究了质量比、频率比以及TLD作用位置对减震效果的影响规律。得出了在频率比和位置一定时,TLD的减震率随着质量比的增大而增大,在质量比大于3%之后,减震率将逐渐减小;在质量比和位置确定时,减震率随着频率比的增大呈现出类似正态分布的规律,在频率比为0.88左右时,减震率达到最大;在质量比和频率比一定时,将TLD放置在中间位置比放在其他位置的减震率要高,为今后高层结构的设计提供参考。

Semi-active predictive control strategy for seismically excited structures using MRF-04K dampers

The theoretical study of a semi-active predictive control(SAPC) system with magnetorheological(MR) dampers to reduce the responses of seismically excited structures was presented.The SAPC scheme is based on a prediction model of the system response to obtain the control actions by minimizing an object function,which has a function of self-compensation for time delay occurring in real application.A double-ended shear mode combined with a valve mode MR damper,named MRF-04K damper,with the maximum force of 20 kN was designed and manufactured,and parameters of the Bouc-Wen hysteresis model were determined to portray the behavior of this damper.As an example,a 5-story building frame equipped with 2 MRF-04K dampers was presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed SAPC scheme for addressing time delay and reducing the structural responses under different earthquakes.Comparison with the uncontrolled structure,the passive-off and passive-on cases indicates that both the peak and the norm values of structural responses are all clearly reduced,and the SAPC scheme has a better performance than the two passive cases.

Seismic design and analysis of nuclear power plant structures

The seismic design and analysis of nuclear power plant (NPP) begin with the seismic hazard assessment and design ground motion development for the site. The following steps are needed for the seismic hazard assessment and design ground motion development:a. the development of regional seismo-tectonic model with seismic source areas within 500 km radius centered to the site;b. the development of strong motion prediction equations; c. logic three development for taking into account uncertainties and seismic hazard quantification;d. the development of uniform hazard response spectra for ground motion at the site;e. simulation of acceleration time histories compatible with uniform hazard response spectra. The following phase two in seismic design of NPP structures is the analysis of structural response for the design ground motion. This second phase of the process consists of the following steps:a. development of structural models of the plant buildings;b. development of the soil model underneath the plant buildings for soilstructure interaction response analysis;c. determination of instructure response spectra for the plant buildings for the equipment response analysis. In the third phase of the seismic design and analysis the equipment is analyzed on the basis of in-structure response spectra. For this purpose the structural models of the mechanical components and piping in the plant are set up. In large 3D-structural models used today the heaviest equipment of the primary coolant circuit is included in the structural model of the reactor building. In the fourth phase the electrical equipment and automation and control equipment are seismically qualified with the aid of the in-structure spectra developed in the phase two using large three-axial shaking tables. For this purpose the smoothed envelope spectra for calculated in-structure spectra are constructed and acceleration time is fitted to these smoothed envelope spectra.

Seismic Response of Liquid-Filled Tank with Baffles

In thispaper, the effects of a rigid baffle on the seismic response of liquid in a rigid cylindrical tank are evaluated. A baffle is an annular plate which supplies a kind of passive control on the effects of ground excitation. The contained liquid is assumed incompressible, inviscid and has irrotational motion. To estimate the seismic response, the method of superposition of modes has been applied. To analyze the rigid tank response, Laplace＆#39;s equation is considered as the governing equation of the fluid domain, in both time and frequency domains. The boundary element method （BEM） is employed to evaluate the natural modes of liquid in a cylindrical tank. To gain this goal, the fluid domain is divided into two upper and lower parts partitioned by the baffle. Linearized kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions of the free surface of the contained liquid have been considered.

A statistically refined Bouc-Wen model for the identification of structures under tri-directional seismic excitations

This paper presents a statistically refined Bouc-Wen model of tri-axial interactions for the identification of structural systems under tri-directional seismic excitations. Through limited vibration measurements in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan conducting model-based experiments, the 3-D Bouc-Wen model has been statistically and repetitively refined using the 95% confidence interval of the estimated structural parameters to determine their statistical significance in a multiple regression setting. When the parameters＇ confidence interval covers the ＂null＂ value, it is statistically sustainable to truncate such parameters. The remaining parameters will repetitively undergo such parameter sifting process for model refinement until all the parameters＇ statistical significance cannot be further improved. The effectiveness of the refined model has been shown considering the effects of sampling errors, of coupled restoring forces in tri-directions, and of the under-over-parameterization of structural systems. Sifted and estimated parameters such as the stiffness, and its corresponding natural frequency, resulting from the identification methodology developed in this study are carefully observed for system vibration control.

Consistent Distribution of Stress before Strong Earthquake from Focal Mechanisms

At some stage of a strong earthquake preparation, the focal mechanisms of small earthquakes have roughly the same direction with the tectonic stress field. According to this feature, we define the angle between P, B and T axis of focal mechanisms and the three stress axes of tectonic stress field as the consistency parameter a in studying the dynamic changes of stress fields in earthquake preparation areas. We mainly analyze the changes of the consistency parameter a of the Mw8. 3 Knril island arc earthquake and the Mw8. 4 Peru earthquake. Our study shows that before the strong earthquakes, the earthquake area saw a low consistency, and the focal mechanisms of a series of small earthquakes had small differences in the directions with the tectonic stress field, which means the foreshocks were under the control of the stress field. On the other hand, a higher consistency means the focal mechanisms of their aftershocks are scattered and have big differences in the directions with the tectonic field, which indicate that the control of background stress field starts weakening.

Research on the Characteristics of Deep and Shallow Structures in Shenyang City and Their Relationship with Seismic Activities

Deep and shallow tectonic data in Shenyang and its relationship with seismic activity shows that the NE trending faults developed on the surface control the formation and development of the fault-uplift and fault-depression. The uplift and depression of the bedrock at a depth of 7km underground are＇consistent with the surface structure. 12 planar listric normal faults have developed above a depth of 18km -20km and two deep faults have developed in the lower crust. Because of the deep incision and new activities, the surface Wanggangpu-Xinehengzi fault and Yongle-Qingshuitai fault, which correspond to the deep F3 fault and F6 fault, might be related to seismic activity in Shenyang.

调谐液体阻尼器对高层结构抗震性能的影响分析

通过SAP2000有限元软件建立了实际框架-核心筒模型,对地震作用下调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)的影响因素进行分析,研究了质量比、频率比以及TLD设置位置对结构减震效果的影响规律。结果表明,在频率比和TLD设置位置一定时,当质量比不大于3%时,减震率随质量比的增大而增大,当质量比大于3%之后,减震率将逐渐减小;在质量比和TLD设置位置一定时,减震率随频率比的增大呈现出类似正态分布的规律,在频率比为0.88左右时,减震率达到最大;在质量比和频率比一定时,将TLD设置在结构正中间位置比放在其他位置时的减震率要高。