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应急地震学的研究进展 被引量:13
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作者 倪四道 《中国科学院院刊》 2008年第4期311-316,共6页
因孕震过程很难进行直接观测,人类对孕震过程及地震破裂起始过程了解尚少,地震的短临预报在短期难以取得突破。目前美、日等发达国家及地区采取的对策是,强化建筑物抗震设防、深化地震快速应急研究。应急地震学是指在地震发生后以最短... 因孕震过程很难进行直接观测,人类对孕震过程及地震破裂起始过程了解尚少,地震的短临预报在短期难以取得突破。目前美、日等发达国家及地区采取的对策是,强化建筑物抗震设防、深化地震快速应急研究。应急地震学是指在地震发生后以最短的时间确定地震的位置及强度,利用现代通信的快速性,在破坏性地震波(主要是地震面波)达到之前几到几十秒的时间内采取适当的措施,避免一些人员财产损失,形成地震预警系统。应急地震学另一个重要内容则是地震灾害的快速估计,即利用国家及全球的地震波形信息,结合地震灾区的强地面震动记录,快速确定地震的起始、终止时间、地点及能量释放的具体过程,结合当地地质结构信息,从而估计各地区可能的受灾程度,为合理分配救灾资源提供第一手资料。在进一步加密我国地震台网的基础上,在东部平原大都市地区我国应可实现强震(6.5级以上)发生后20秒内快速确定震中及震级,实现地震极早期预警。同时可在几小时内确定地震能量释放过程,形成地面震动理论评估图(shakemap),按照灾情程度合理分配救灾资源,提高救灾效率。 展开更多
关键词 地震应急学 地面震动理论评估图 研究进展 孕震过程
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Primary Quantitative Study on Earthquake Damage Extracted from Remote Sensing Imagery——A Case Study of Seismic Damage in the Urban Area of Dujiangyan due to the M_S8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake 被引量:1
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作者 Wang Xiaoqing Wang Long +6 位作者 Zhang Xihai Ding Xiang Qiu Hu Dong Yanfang DouAixia Zhang Feiyu Liu Zaitao 《Earthquake Research in China》 2009年第4期392-401,共10页
The fast developing remote sensing techniques play an increasingly important role in earthquake emergency response, disaster survey and loss estimation. As there is a lack of quantitative studies on seismic damage bas... The fast developing remote sensing techniques play an increasingly important role in earthquake emergency response, disaster survey and loss estimation. As there is a lack of quantitative studies on seismic damage based on remote sensing, its practicality in seismic disaster management has usually been questioned. The paper introduces the essential quantitative study idea, the concept of the remote sensing seismic damage index (D1RS) and analysis models, demonstrates the seismic damage indices ( D1G ) of buildings obtained from ground surveying and its quantitative relation to D1RS in Dujiangyan city, Sichuan Province, which was destroyed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with Ms8.0. The primary results show that an obvious relationship exists between the D1RS of buildings obtained from the high resolution satellite or aerial remote sensing images and D1G or the building collapse ratio obtained through ground survey, which suggests that the quantitative study on seismic damage based on remote sensing will provide an effective method for seismic damage survey and loss estimation. 展开更多
关键词 Seismic damage index Remote sensing Wenchuan earthquake Quantitative study
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