利用1980-2008年CN05月平均地面气温格点资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,首先分析了中国中东部7月地面平均气温的变化特征,得到3个主要模态,其方差贡献率分别为44%、17%、11%,其中第1模态显示了江淮、华北和东北地区近30年来地面平均气温的...利用1980-2008年CN05月平均地面气温格点资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,首先分析了中国中东部7月地面平均气温的变化特征,得到3个主要模态,其方差贡献率分别为44%、17%、11%,其中第1模态显示了江淮、华北和东北地区近30年来地面平均气温的线性升高趋势;第2模态显示了江淮-江南地区与东北东部地区的"偶极子"型反位相分布特征,第3模态显示了华北-黄淮地区与华南和东北地区的"三极子"型分布特征。由于前人已对第1模态做了详细讨论,本文主要分析第2和第3模态。分析结果显示,东亚经向波列对"偶极子"型和"三极子"型有以下重要影响:当东亚西太平洋地区的经向波列整体偏北时,易出现第2模态的"偶极子"型特征,当该波列整体偏南时,有利于出现第3模态的"三极子"型特征;当中国华南沿海、台湾地区附近对流活动偏弱时,有利于对应第2模态的负位相的经向波列出现,反之亦然。在关于第2模态正负异常年的合成场中,850 h Pa上东亚沿海的波作用通量在低纬度地区主要是向北传播的,而300 h Pa上波作用通量在低纬度以北传为主,中纬度以东传为主,但低纬度的对流加热异常情况及北传的波作用通量对于第3模态不明显。展开更多
Accurate information on the spatial distribution and temporal change of wetlands is vital to devise effective measures for their protection. This study uses satellite images in 1994 and 2001 to assess the effects of t...Accurate information on the spatial distribution and temporal change of wetlands is vital to devise effective measures for their protection. This study uses satellite images in 1994 and 2001 to assess the effects of topography and proximity to channels on wetland change in Maduo County on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, western China. In 1994 wetlands in the study area extended over 6,780.0 km2. They were distributed widely throughout the county, with a higher concentration in the south, and were especially prominent close to streams. The pattern of wetlands demonstrated a bell-shaped distribution curve with elevation, ranging over hill slopes with gradients from 0-19°, the commonest gradient being around 3°. Although the aspects of these hill slopes range over all directions, there is a lower concentration of wetlands facing east and southeast. The extent of wetlands in 2001 decreased to 6,181.1 km2. Marked spatial differentiation in the pattern of wetlands is evident, as their area increased by 1,193.3 km2 at lower elevations but decreased by 1,792.2 km2 at higher ground, resulting in a net decrease of 598.8 km2. In areas with a gradient <2° or >9° the area of wetlands remained approximately consistent from 1994-2001. Newly retained wetlands are situated in relatively flat lowland areas, with no evident preference in terms of aspect. Wetlands on north-, east- and northeast-facing hillslopes with a bearing of 1-86° were more prone to loss of area than other orientations. The altered pattern of wetland distribution from higher to lower elevation on north-facing slopes coincided with the doubling of annual temperature during the same period, suggesting that climate warming could be an important cause.展开更多
Cassava is vulnerable to frost and snow, so it is suitable for planting in tropical and subtropical region. Low temperature is an important environment factor affecting the growth and development and production of cas...Cassava is vulnerable to frost and snow, so it is suitable for planting in tropical and subtropical region. Low temperature is an important environment factor affecting the growth and development and production of cassava, and the region with annual average temperature below 15 ℃ is not conducive to its normal growth and development. The improvement of cold resistance of cassava can increase the planting area and improve the yield and quality of cassava. In this study, morphological,physiological and biochemical and molecular researches on cold resistance of cassava, as well as the latest research progress,were reviewed in this paper. At the same time, some potential difficulties in the research on cold resistance of cassava were put forward, and the future work focus was also discussed.展开更多
文摘利用1980-2008年CN05月平均地面气温格点资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,首先分析了中国中东部7月地面平均气温的变化特征,得到3个主要模态,其方差贡献率分别为44%、17%、11%,其中第1模态显示了江淮、华北和东北地区近30年来地面平均气温的线性升高趋势;第2模态显示了江淮-江南地区与东北东部地区的"偶极子"型反位相分布特征,第3模态显示了华北-黄淮地区与华南和东北地区的"三极子"型分布特征。由于前人已对第1模态做了详细讨论,本文主要分析第2和第3模态。分析结果显示,东亚经向波列对"偶极子"型和"三极子"型有以下重要影响:当东亚西太平洋地区的经向波列整体偏北时,易出现第2模态的"偶极子"型特征,当该波列整体偏南时,有利于出现第3模态的"三极子"型特征;当中国华南沿海、台湾地区附近对流活动偏弱时,有利于对应第2模态的负位相的经向波列出现,反之亦然。在关于第2模态正负异常年的合成场中,850 h Pa上东亚沿海的波作用通量在低纬度地区主要是向北传播的,而300 h Pa上波作用通量在低纬度以北传为主,中纬度以东传为主,但低纬度的对流加热异常情况及北传的波作用通量对于第3模态不明显。
基金supported by the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant No. 2011DFG93160,2011DFA20820)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant No.41161084)the Scientific Research Collaboration and Training of Top Scientists project (Document No. 2009-1599),Department of International Exchange & Cooperation of the Chinese Ministry of Education
文摘Accurate information on the spatial distribution and temporal change of wetlands is vital to devise effective measures for their protection. This study uses satellite images in 1994 and 2001 to assess the effects of topography and proximity to channels on wetland change in Maduo County on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, western China. In 1994 wetlands in the study area extended over 6,780.0 km2. They were distributed widely throughout the county, with a higher concentration in the south, and were especially prominent close to streams. The pattern of wetlands demonstrated a bell-shaped distribution curve with elevation, ranging over hill slopes with gradients from 0-19°, the commonest gradient being around 3°. Although the aspects of these hill slopes range over all directions, there is a lower concentration of wetlands facing east and southeast. The extent of wetlands in 2001 decreased to 6,181.1 km2. Marked spatial differentiation in the pattern of wetlands is evident, as their area increased by 1,193.3 km2 at lower elevations but decreased by 1,792.2 km2 at higher ground, resulting in a net decrease of 598.8 km2. In areas with a gradient <2° or >9° the area of wetlands remained approximately consistent from 1994-2001. Newly retained wetlands are situated in relatively flat lowland areas, with no evident preference in terms of aspect. Wetlands on north-, east- and northeast-facing hillslopes with a bearing of 1-86° were more prone to loss of area than other orientations. The altered pattern of wetland distribution from higher to lower elevation on north-facing slopes coincided with the doubling of annual temperature during the same period, suggesting that climate warming could be an important cause.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-11-cssy)
文摘Cassava is vulnerable to frost and snow, so it is suitable for planting in tropical and subtropical region. Low temperature is an important environment factor affecting the growth and development and production of cassava, and the region with annual average temperature below 15 ℃ is not conducive to its normal growth and development. The improvement of cold resistance of cassava can increase the planting area and improve the yield and quality of cassava. In this study, morphological,physiological and biochemical and molecular researches on cold resistance of cassava, as well as the latest research progress,were reviewed in this paper. At the same time, some potential difficulties in the research on cold resistance of cassava were put forward, and the future work focus was also discussed.
