Google Earth影像辅助的农作物面积地面样方调查

地面样方调查是农作物种植面积遥感监测的重要环节,一般采用差分GPS(DGPS,differential GPS)实地测量的方式实现,是一项耗时、耗力的业务工作。该文利用经DGPS实测点校正后的Google Earth影像,以中国农业科学院(万庄)农业高新技术产业园及周边地区范围(3.1 km×2.0 km)为研究区域,探索了基于Google Earth影像辅助的农作物面积地面样方调查,比较了该方法与完全采用GPS实地测量在调查精度和效率方面的差异。针对不同的GE影像来源,文中定义基于GE客户端COM API编程下载后的影像为A级影像、经在线GE影像校正后的影像为B级影像、经DGPS实测点校正后的影像为C级影像。与实测的检查点相比,0.5 m以上空间分辨率的A级影像X、Y 2个方向中误差232.7 m,B级影像中误差5.4 m,C级影像中误差1.0 m。B级影像中误差符合《数字航空摄影测量空中三角测量规范》1:25000平地的平面位置中误差不大于8.75 m的要求,C级影像中误差符合1:10000平地的平面位置中误差不大于3.5 m的要求。在测区内选择结构组成简单、中等和较为复杂的3个样方类型,量算B和C级影像的面积量算精度,与DGPS实测面积比较,平均误差仅有0.108%和0.018%。从样方相对位置确定、地块和农田边界的修正3个方面用于地面样方的辅助测量,在业务工作中进行了初步应用,陕西省2015年冬小麦种植面积地面样方调查的实际效果表明,GE影像辅助调查比GPS实测方法在时间方面减少了64.2%,路程节约82.5%,调查效率提高了73.3%以上。

基于SPOT影像和地面样方的一季稻晚稻遥感监测

利用SPOT卫星影像数据和地面样方数据提取一季稻晚稻种植面积的相对变化率,解决单靠遥感进行一季稻晚稻种植面积监测产生的信息误差,以湖北省一季稻晚稻种植面积为研究区,选取一季稻晚稻光谱特征显著的7-8月份SPOT卫星数据作为遥感数据源,对比分析2009年和2010年湖北省一季稻晚稻种植面积的动态变化,结果表明,湖北省一季稻晚稻种植面积总体变化率为-1.39%.

思南县国家级地面样方旱地土壤墒情监测

思南县国家级地面样方是全国100个农业遥感地面监测网点之一。于2006年9月21日至2007年8月23日对1号样方的旱地土壤墒情进行了19次观测。对观测数据进行了综合分析,找出了影响观测精度的主要因子及其作用大小,其中,以田间操作规范化程度对墒情测量数据影响较大。

某地面电子方舱热设计

随着电子方舱的集成度越来越高,舱内热流密度越来越高,与此同时,操作人员对舱内的热舒适度及噪声舒适度的要求也越来越高,电子方舱热设计同时兼顾设备降噪设计十分关键。本文介绍了某地面电子方舱兼顾电子设备降噪的热设计过程。首先进行方舱布局及降噪设计;然后开展风道设计并通过理论计算选型空调设备;最后采用6SigmaRoom软件对舱内热环境进行仿真,仿真结果表明设计方案满足操作人员及设备的工作要求。本文提出的思路和方法,对于同类型方舱的热设计,具有一定的指导意义。

基于物方定位一致性约束的光学航空影像多视铅垂线轨迹匹配

针对传统铅垂线轨迹匹配方法在进行地面基元匹配时存在只能得到一个高程值且匹配结果缺乏准确性验证的缺点,本文提出了一种新的基于物方定位一致性约束的光学航空影像多视铅垂线轨迹匹配方法。该算法对传统铅垂线轨迹匹配方法进行了针对性的改进,首先,改善了物方地面基元的像方多视匹配过程,其次,利用地面基元已有的物方平面坐标作为物方定位一致性约束条件,增加了多视匹配结果的准确性检验过程,从而得到可验证的地面元匹配结果。使用实际航空多视影像对本文算法与传统铅垂线轨迹方法进行了对比实验,实验结果显示本文方法在可靠性、准确性和算法效率等定量指标方面,比传统铅垂线轨迹方法分别高出26%、40%和4倍,证明其能得到更加可靠与有效的地面元匹配结果。

地面数字移动电视电波传播模型的选择

在分析ITU-R P．370．ITU-R P．1546．ITU-R P．526、Okumura-Hata四种基本传播模型特性的基础上,通过对北京单频网接收场强不同传播模型下的预测,结合北京单频网的实测数据,运用科学的数学检测手段,得出最适合地面数字移动电视在人口稠密、建筑物密集、城市地区网络规划的电波传播模型。

黑龙江省三江平原地面调查研究

以三江平原作为研究对象,采用遥感方法通过地面调查定性描述了主要农作物的长势情况,收集和积累该区土地利用、农业资源、生态环境等情况。根据野外实际调研,2008年大豆种植面积增加,水稻和玉米种植面积略减。

平行金属线阵列地面附近的早期HEMP环境

铺设金属网的地面作为一种复杂的地表,区别于均匀半空间均匀地面,金属网必然会影响地表附近上方的电磁环境,因此,对其电磁环境的准确描述和分析十分必要。为此,以地面铺设平行金属阵列为典型情形,提出了一种计算平行金属阵列地面附近上方高空核爆电磁脉冲环境的解析方案,并且分析了地面铺设平行金属阵列结构之后对早期高空核爆电磁脉冲环境的影响。结果表明:当地面铺设平行金属线阵列后,相比于均匀半空间地面而言,不同高度下的水平极化场,反射场与入射场相互抵消的现象更加明显,使得总水平极化场衰减更为严重;而对于不同高度下的垂直极化场,其反射场和入射场的叠加现象也更加明显,使得地面附近上方的垂直场强幅值大于入射波场强幅值的效应加强。

香港地面代理怡中航空的发展策略研究

本文从外部经营和内部管理,剖析怡中航空成为香港机场最大的第三方航空地面服务代理的重要因素,并就其面临的人力成本提高、代理协议压低服务费以及与内地航空竞争的发展困局,提出对应的解决方案。

Determination of Geopotential of Local Vertical Datum Surface

This paper first develops the approaches to determine the geopotential of the local mean sea level,and then investigates the offset of the 1985 vertical datum surface defined by the mean sea level of Yellow Sea at the Dagang Tide Gauge in Qingdao city using the developed approaches and GPS/leveling data.It shows that the geopotential of the local mean sea level at the tide gauge is equal to 62 636 853.5±0.2 m2·s -2 and that the 1985 vertical datum surface is 24.6±5.4 cm above the geoid realized by the geopotential W 0= 62 636 856.0±0.5 m2·s -2.

Three-dimensional calculation of roadway earthwork volume

To solve the inaccuracy problem caused by the two existing methods (averageend-area method and prismoidal method) used for the calculation of roadway earthwork volume, thispaper puts forward a new concept of the 3-dimensional algorithm that takes all the roadway geometricdesign procedures as a kind of geometrical operation between the ground model (original terrainmodel) and the roadway model (designed model) under certain constraints, and then presents acomplete 3-dimensional algorithm of roadway earthwork volume as well as its executable computerprogram. The algorithm benefits from the re-triangulation technique of constrained delaunaytriangulation (CDT), which can yield a true volume value theoretically. Through a number ofpractical testscovering varied intervals between adjacent cross sections, it is proven to possess ahigher accuracy compared with that of traditional methods. All the work involved in this paperindicates that the 3-dimensional calculation of roadway earthwork volumeis feasible, more accurateand should have further application in practice.

基于GPS照片数据处理系统的地面样方调查

集成GPS模块的相机拍摄的农作物照片可同时记录地物类型和空间位置。为了处理大量的地面样方照片数据并及时转换为遥感监督分类的训练样本,开发了一个能够高效处理样方GPS照片数据的软件系统。该系统通过人机交互判识照片中的地物类型,同时提取照片的地理位置信息,并对样本的地理位置进行修正或补充,在地图与遥感影像的辅助下生成有效的样本信息。以宁夏银川灌区农作物采样样本为例,对系统进行了测试。结果表明,1 000个典型的训练样本可在1 h内产生,减少了样本的处理时间,提高了样本的质量。

35周年庆典

这年的国庆阅兵,是在经过"文化大革命"的动乱之后,全面改革和现代化建设取得巨大成就的形势下举行的。这次受阅部队10370人,各种作战飞机117架,导弹189枚,坦克装甲车205辆,火炮126门,火箭布雷车18辆,轻武器6429支(挺),汽车2216辆,组成46个方(梯)队。其中地面方队42个,包括1个仪仗队,6个军事院校方队,

Shrek:a dynamic object-oriented programming language

From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure, and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.

Vertical-to-horizontal response spectral ratio for offshore ground motions:Analysis and simplified design equation

In order to study the differences in vertical component between onshore and offshore motions,the vertical-to-horizontal peak ground acceleration ratio(V/H PGA ratio) and vertical-to-horizontal response spectral ratio(V/H) were investigated using the ground motion recordings from the K-NET network and the seafloor earthquake measuring system(SEMS).The results indicate that the vertical component of offshore motions is lower than that of onshore motions.The V/H PGA ratio of acceleration time histories at offshore stations is about 50%of the ratio at onshore stations.The V/H for offshore ground motions is lower than that for onshore motions,especially for periods less than 0.8 s.Furthermore,based on the results in statistical analysis for offshore recordings in the K-NET,the simplified V/H design equations for offshore motions in minor and moderate earthquakes are proposed for seismic analysis of offshore structures.

Analysis of factors and countermeasures of mining subsidence in Kaiyang Phosphorus Mine

Ground crack and subsidence were investigated in Kaiyang Phosphorus Mine as an example. Contribution factors to cause ground crack and mining subsidence were studied, including mining method, mining depth and ore thickness and stope size, dip angle of orebody, geological structure, nature of overburden and water contents, and roof supports, etc. Countermeasures against cracks and subsidence were put forward. The uniaxial compressive strength of compounded phosphorus gypsum after 28 d of curing period was tested to be more than 1 MPa. Phosphorus gypsum can be used as materials for the backfill of stope. By comparison and numerical simulation, cut and fill mining method with middle-deep drilling holes and ore transportation by blasting force was selected as the optimum mining method in Kaiyang Phosphorus Mine.

Influence of Late Springtime Surface Sensible Heat Flux Anomalies over the Tibetan and Iranian Plateaus on the Location of the South Asian High in Early Summer

Variation in the location of the South Asian High （SAH） in early boreal summer is strongly influenced by elevated surface heating from the Tibetan Plateau （TP） and the Iranian Plateau （IP）. Based on observational and ERA-Interim data, diagnostic analyses reveal that the interannual northwestward-southeastwaxd （NW-SE） shift of the SAH in June is more closely correlated with the synergistic effect of concurrent surface thermal anomalies over the TP and IP than with each single surface thermal anomaly over either plateau from the preceding May. Concurrent surface thermal anomalies over these two plateaus in May are characterized by a negative correlation between sensible heat flux over most parts of the TP （TPSH） and IP （IPSH）. This anomaly pattern can persist till June and influences the NW-SE shift of the SAH in June through the release of latent heat （LH） over northeastern India. When the IPSH is stronger （weaker） and the TPSH is weaker （stronger） than normal in May, an anomalous cyclone （anticyclone） appears over northern India at 850 hPa, which is accompanied by the ascent （descent） of air and anomalous convergence （divergence） of moisture flux in May and June. Therefore, the LH release over northeastern India is strengthened （weakened） and the vertical gradient of apparent heat source is decreased （increased） in the upper troposphere, which is responsible for the northwestward （southeastward） shift of the SAH in June.

An Estimation of Ground Ice Volumes in Permafrost Layers in North- eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

The ground ice content in permafrost serves as one of the dominant properties of permafrost for the study of global climate change, ecology, hydrology and engineering construction in cold regions. This paper initially attempts to assess the ground ice volume in permafrost layers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by considering landform types, the corresponding lithological composition, and the measured water content in various regions. An approximation demonstrating the existence of many similarities in lithological composition and water content within a unified landform was established during the calculations. Considerable knowledge of the case study area, here called the Source Area of the Yellow(Huanghe) River(SAYR) in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has been accumulated related to permafrost and fresh water resources during the past 40 years. Considering the permafrost distribution, extent, spatial distribution of landform types, the ground ice volume at the depths of 3.0–10.0 m below the ground surface was estimated based on the data of 101 boreholes from field observations and geological surveys in different types of landforms in the permafrost region of the SAYR. The total ground ice volume in permafrost layers at the depths of 3.0–10.0 m was approximately(51.68 ± 18.81) km^3, and the ground ice volume per unit volume was(0.31 ± 0.11) m^3/m^3. In the horizontal direction, the ground ice content was higher in the landforms of lacustrine-marshland plains and alluvial-lacustrine plains, and the lower ground ice content was distributed in the erosional platforms and alluvial-proluvial plains. In the vertical direction, the volume of ground ice was relatively high in the top layers(especially near the permafrost table) and at the depths of 7.0–8.0 m. This calculation method will be used in the other areas when the necessary information is available, including landform type, borehole data, and measured water content.

Improved geologic surface approximation using a multiquadric method with additional constraints

Geologic surface approximation is profoundly affected by the presence, density and location of scattered geologic input data. Many studies have recognized the importance of utilizing varied sources of information when reconstructing a surface. This paper presents an improved geologic surface approximation method using a multiquadric function and borehole data. Additional information, i.e., inequality elevation and dip-strikes data extracted from outcrops or mining faces, is introduced in the form of physical constraints that control local changes in the estimated surface. Commonly accepted hypothesis states that geologic surfaces can be approximated to any desired degree of exactness by the summation of regular, mathematically defined, surfaces: in particular displaced quadric forms. The coefficients of the multiquadric functions are traditionally found by a least squares method. The addition of physical constraints in this work makes such an approach into a non-deterministic polynomial time problem. Hence we propose an objective function that represents the quality of the estimated surface and that includes the additional constraints by incorporation of a penalty function. Maximizing the smoothness of the estimated surface and its fitness to the additional constraints then allows the coefficients of the multiquadric function to be obtained by iterative methods. This method was implemented and demonstrated using data collected from the 81'st coal mining area of the Huaibei Coal Group.

Dynamic Polarization-Basis Compensation for Free-Space Quantum Communications

In polarization-encoded free-space quantum communications, a transmitter on a satellite and a receiver in a ground station each have a respective polarization zero direction, by which they encode and decode every polariza-tion quantum bit required for a quantum com-munication protocol. In order to complete the protocol, the ground-based receiver needs to track and compensate for the polarization zero direction of the satellite-based transmitter. Ex- pressions satisfied by amplitudes of the s-polarization component and the p-polarization component are derived based on a two-mirror model, and a condition satisfied by the reflec- tion coefficients of the two mirrors is given. A polarization tracking principle is analyzed for satellite-to-ground quanaun communications, and quantum key encoding and decoding prin- ciples based on polarization tracking are given. A half-wave-plate-based dynamic polariza- tion-basis compensation scheme is proposed in this paper, and this scheme is proved to be suitable for satellite-to-ground and intersatellite quantum communications.