为了解决商用车驾驶过程中转向力矩跟踪精度不高,反馈给驾驶员的路感出现偏差与滞后问题,通过选取两轴商用车二自由度车辆模型对Trucksim内置阻力矩的计算进行推导,采用高精度正交编码传感器对方向盘转角进行解析,将解析后的前轮转角通...为了解决商用车驾驶过程中转向力矩跟踪精度不高,反馈给驾驶员的路感出现偏差与滞后问题,通过选取两轴商用车二自由度车辆模型对Trucksim内置阻力矩的计算进行推导,采用高精度正交编码传感器对方向盘转角进行解析,将解析后的前轮转角通过CAN(controller area network)发送器发送到LabVIEW的CAN接收模块,借助转向系统实验台实现LabVIEW与Trucksim的联合仿真。结果表明,LabVIEW通过控制PXI(PCI extensions for instrumentation)驱动伺服电机产生的模拟地面转向阻力矩能够很精确地跟踪上Trucksim输出的前轮地面转向阻力矩,并且及时反馈给驾驶员适当的路感,为商用车转向系统助力的设计提供依据。展开更多
Roughness elements are various in a mountain area; they include gravel and ground surface vegetation that often result in surface friction drag to resist overland flows. The variation and characteristics of flow resis...Roughness elements are various in a mountain area; they include gravel and ground surface vegetation that often result in surface friction drag to resist overland flows. The variation and characteristics of flow resistance strongly impact the overland flow process and watershed floods. In view of the universal existence of natural vegetation, such as Chlorophytum malayense(CM) or Ophiopogon bodinieri(OB), and the sand-gravel bed of the river channel, it is important to understand the role of different types of roughness elements in flow resistance. This study was performed to investigate and compare through flume experiments the behaviors of overland flow resistance by the reaction of multi-scale configuration of different roughness elements. The result showed that the resistance coefficient gradually reduced versus the increase of flow rate in unit width and tended to be a constant when q = 3.0 l/s.m, Fr = 1.0, and Re = 4000 for slopes of 6 to 10 degrees. The gap of the vegetated rough bed and the gravel rough bed is limited to the same as the gap of the two types of vegetation, CM and OB. It was noted that the vegetation contributed to the increase in form resistance negatively and may lead to the mean resistance on decrease. To classify the flow pattern, the laminar flows were described by DarcyWeisbach's equation. In the study the f-Re equation of vegetated bed was developed with f ?5000 Re.The friction coefficient for laminar flows can be regarded as the critical value for identifying the transformation point of the flow pattern.展开更多
Better understanding of the role of vegetation and soil on hydraulic resistance of overland flow requires quantitative partition of their interaction. In this paper, a total of 144 hydraulic flume experiments were car...Better understanding of the role of vegetation and soil on hydraulic resistance of overland flow requires quantitative partition of their interaction. In this paper, a total of 144 hydraulic flume experiments were carried out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of overland flow. Results show that hydraulic resistance is negatively correlated with Reynolds number on non-simulated vegetated slopes, while positively on vegetated slopes. The law of composite resistance agrees with the dominant resistance, depending on simulated vegetation stem,surface roughness, and discharge. Surface roughness has greater influence on overland flow resistance than vegetation stem when unit discharge is lower than the low-limited critical discharge, while vegetation has a more obvious influence when unit discharge is higher than the upper-limited critical discharge. Combined effects of simulated vegetation and surface roughness are unequal to the sum of the individual effects through t-test, implying the limitation of using linear superposition principle in calculating overland flow resistances under combined effect of roughness elements.展开更多
文摘为了解决商用车驾驶过程中转向力矩跟踪精度不高,反馈给驾驶员的路感出现偏差与滞后问题,通过选取两轴商用车二自由度车辆模型对Trucksim内置阻力矩的计算进行推导,采用高精度正交编码传感器对方向盘转角进行解析,将解析后的前轮转角通过CAN(controller area network)发送器发送到LabVIEW的CAN接收模块,借助转向系统实验台实现LabVIEW与Trucksim的联合仿真。结果表明,LabVIEW通过控制PXI(PCI extensions for instrumentation)驱动伺服电机产生的模拟地面转向阻力矩能够很精确地跟踪上Trucksim输出的前轮地面转向阻力矩,并且及时反馈给驾驶员适当的路感,为商用车转向系统助力的设计提供依据。
基金support from the authorities of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41171016)Sichuan Province Science and technology support program (Grant No. 2014SZ0163)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University (Grant No. SKHL1309 and SKHL1418)
文摘Roughness elements are various in a mountain area; they include gravel and ground surface vegetation that often result in surface friction drag to resist overland flows. The variation and characteristics of flow resistance strongly impact the overland flow process and watershed floods. In view of the universal existence of natural vegetation, such as Chlorophytum malayense(CM) or Ophiopogon bodinieri(OB), and the sand-gravel bed of the river channel, it is important to understand the role of different types of roughness elements in flow resistance. This study was performed to investigate and compare through flume experiments the behaviors of overland flow resistance by the reaction of multi-scale configuration of different roughness elements. The result showed that the resistance coefficient gradually reduced versus the increase of flow rate in unit width and tended to be a constant when q = 3.0 l/s.m, Fr = 1.0, and Re = 4000 for slopes of 6 to 10 degrees. The gap of the vegetated rough bed and the gravel rough bed is limited to the same as the gap of the two types of vegetation, CM and OB. It was noted that the vegetation contributed to the increase in form resistance negatively and may lead to the mean resistance on decrease. To classify the flow pattern, the laminar flows were described by DarcyWeisbach's equation. In the study the f-Re equation of vegetated bed was developed with f ?5000 Re.The friction coefficient for laminar flows can be regarded as the critical value for identifying the transformation point of the flow pattern.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2016ZCQ06)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51309006)
文摘Better understanding of the role of vegetation and soil on hydraulic resistance of overland flow requires quantitative partition of their interaction. In this paper, a total of 144 hydraulic flume experiments were carried out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of overland flow. Results show that hydraulic resistance is negatively correlated with Reynolds number on non-simulated vegetated slopes, while positively on vegetated slopes. The law of composite resistance agrees with the dominant resistance, depending on simulated vegetation stem,surface roughness, and discharge. Surface roughness has greater influence on overland flow resistance than vegetation stem when unit discharge is lower than the low-limited critical discharge, while vegetation has a more obvious influence when unit discharge is higher than the upper-limited critical discharge. Combined effects of simulated vegetation and surface roughness are unequal to the sum of the individual effects through t-test, implying the limitation of using linear superposition principle in calculating overland flow resistances under combined effect of roughness elements.
