The concept of the e-marketplace is introduced.Considering a supply chain with a single manufacturer who sells a single item in an e-marketplace,an analytical model for the use of the e-marketplace in a supply chain i...The concept of the e-marketplace is introduced.Considering a supply chain with a single manufacturer who sells a single item in an e-marketplace,an analytical model for the use of the e-marketplace in a supply chain is provided.Assuming the market demand is stochastic and price-dependent,the conditions under which the manufacturer and the e-marketplace owner share the market in equilibrium is developed.The existence and uniqueness of the optimal selling price,quantity and transaction percentage are proved.An integrated supply chain is put forward,and then the efficiency of supply chain coordination is studied by comparing the integrated supply chain with the decentralized supply chain.To gain further insights on the theoretical models,extensive simulations are then carried out.展开更多
The world entrepreneurial scenery, being under constant evolution because of globalization and the current international crisis, has changed corporate competition, requiring companies to meet such key-factors to succe...The world entrepreneurial scenery, being under constant evolution because of globalization and the current international crisis, has changed corporate competition, requiring companies to meet such key-factors to success as increased organizational flexibility and innovative development of their structures and products. Thus ＂NTBF＂ （New Technology Based Firms） are increasingly developing, that are able to act both as a major player in the innovation process, and as a link between the market and the production world and that need not only venture capital to cope with the large initial investment, but also such figures that, with their leadership qualities, are able to anticipate the market development. As a result, the emergence of the knowledge society has increasingly driven companies to search for new business figures, playing both the role of financing partners and of valuable support to the entrepreneur in running a business. Such distinguishing characteristics appear to be peculiar to the figure of the business angel that, thanks to the know-how and international contacts, acts not only as a simple partner but also as a leading force within the company, who is able to simplify the decision process of the business and drive it to plan profitable investment and winning strategies. Therefore, the present work is aimed at understanding how such a figure is crucial to the development of new companies operating in emerging economies being, as well, technologically advanced, as it is the case for Estonia, which is called the ＂Silicon Valley of the Baltic Sea＂. Thus, the work will first focus on the functions, organization and the benefits resulting from the involvement of business angels and, secondly, on the reasons why this figure is preferable to other operators involved in venture capital, namely venture capitalists. Finally, the good practices implemented in Europe by the various associations of business angels will be analyzed, paying particular attention to the Italian context, in order to consider the opportunity to develop, even in the Baltic Republics area, a similar institution being able to ensure, by promoting contact between entrepreneurs and business angels, the proper development of businesses, especially starting-up companies.展开更多
There are 9.56 million accountants in China, who are working in different size firms and nonprofit organizations. The objective of this article is to examine the quantitative relationship between the firm size and the...There are 9.56 million accountants in China, who are working in different size firms and nonprofit organizations. The objective of this article is to examine the quantitative relationship between the firm size and the quantity of accountants working for the firm. In this paper, the employees, sales revenues, and total assets in a firm are employed to measure firm size. The authors collect and analyze the data of 436 listed firms from the Chinese Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The result of this study indicates there is a positive relationship between the firm size and the quantity of accountants employed by the firm. The study also establishes the multiple regression equation, which can be used to predict the quantity of accountants of listed firms. And it provides a way to predict the quantity of accountants of legal organizations.展开更多
Along with China＇ s rapid economic development, the competition between enterprises is more and more intense, especially for the coal enterprises, and the market competition is fierce is predictable. If the coal ente...Along with China＇ s rapid economic development, the competition between enterprises is more and more intense, especially for the coal enterprises, and the market competition is fierce is predictable. If the coal enterprises want to be a healthy, sustainable development, it is necessary to strengthen the financial management and change the management mode according to the characteristics of the market competition. This paper mainly analyzes the present situation of financial management of coal enterprises in China and proposes further strengthening measures related to the financial management of coal enterprises.展开更多
Modeling of ancillary services market can be described as institutional arrangements for establishing ancillary services management in deregulated electricity market. Models of the national ancillary services markets ...Modeling of ancillary services market can be described as institutional arrangements for establishing ancillary services management in deregulated electricity market. Models of the national ancillary services markets are market models which offer transmission system operator efficient procurement of ancillary services, reducing the system management risk, more competitive electricity market, better utilization of production facilities and complete deregulation of electricity markets. This paper deals with current mode of ancillary services market and potential market development in Croatia. Described models are used for establishing market of ancillary services which should occur in parallel with the electricity market.展开更多
Along with the continuous development of China＇s reform and opening-up to the outside world, the market mechanism is constantly improved and developed. In the fiercely competitive market environment, the market risk ...Along with the continuous development of China＇s reform and opening-up to the outside world, the market mechanism is constantly improved and developed. In the fiercely competitive market environment, the market risk can be avoided with enterprise financial management. In this paper, the problems in the current situation of enterprise financial management are introduced, and also improvement measures are proposed according to the problems.展开更多
The research topic of this article ＂Managing and measuring business networks in Russia＂ has been under consideration in three successive research projects oriented to Russian business to business （B2B） networks. T...The research topic of this article ＂Managing and measuring business networks in Russia＂ has been under consideration in three successive research projects oriented to Russian business to business （B2B） networks. The projects have been accomplished by HAMK, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Tampere University of Technology （TUT）. Russian experts from The Higher School of Economics in Moscow and the Graduate School of Management in St. Petersburg were involved in these projects. We asked how managing and measuring B2B networks should be developed, when a company becomes established to Russian market. Both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods were used. Results concerning performance measurement presented in this article are based on data which was collected using survey and a questionnaire. Methodical triangulation was carried out as both research instruments produced 17 full answers for questions concerning performance measurement. Wider results are based on about 200 face-to-face interviews and answers for questionnaires. Results indicate that in Russia the management and leadership models as well as the company performance measurement should be adjusted to Russian traditions. Networked companies have difficulties in applying matrix type organizations in Russia, as management practices are based traditionally on authoritarian leadership. However, clear and specific targets should be set for projects and strategic business areas. Targets and bonuses should be agreed on with managers and staff throughout the company and the business network. Personal networks, within project stake- holders, have more emphasis in Russia than in Finland, because personal relations to authorities＇, and organizations are needed at every stage of the project. Therefore, managing SMEs working in B2B networks is challenging in Russia. In this article, a method for setting and implementing strategic targets for a business networked company is presented. Understanding networked performance measurement indicators will enable successful business for all networked partners in the long tenn.展开更多
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)the Program Project of Humanity and Social Science of Ministry of Education in China(No.06JA630012)
文摘The concept of the e-marketplace is introduced.Considering a supply chain with a single manufacturer who sells a single item in an e-marketplace,an analytical model for the use of the e-marketplace in a supply chain is provided.Assuming the market demand is stochastic and price-dependent,the conditions under which the manufacturer and the e-marketplace owner share the market in equilibrium is developed.The existence and uniqueness of the optimal selling price,quantity and transaction percentage are proved.An integrated supply chain is put forward,and then the efficiency of supply chain coordination is studied by comparing the integrated supply chain with the decentralized supply chain.To gain further insights on the theoretical models,extensive simulations are then carried out.
文摘The world entrepreneurial scenery, being under constant evolution because of globalization and the current international crisis, has changed corporate competition, requiring companies to meet such key-factors to success as increased organizational flexibility and innovative development of their structures and products. Thus ＂NTBF＂ （New Technology Based Firms） are increasingly developing, that are able to act both as a major player in the innovation process, and as a link between the market and the production world and that need not only venture capital to cope with the large initial investment, but also such figures that, with their leadership qualities, are able to anticipate the market development. As a result, the emergence of the knowledge society has increasingly driven companies to search for new business figures, playing both the role of financing partners and of valuable support to the entrepreneur in running a business. Such distinguishing characteristics appear to be peculiar to the figure of the business angel that, thanks to the know-how and international contacts, acts not only as a simple partner but also as a leading force within the company, who is able to simplify the decision process of the business and drive it to plan profitable investment and winning strategies. Therefore, the present work is aimed at understanding how such a figure is crucial to the development of new companies operating in emerging economies being, as well, technologically advanced, as it is the case for Estonia, which is called the ＂Silicon Valley of the Baltic Sea＂. Thus, the work will first focus on the functions, organization and the benefits resulting from the involvement of business angels and, secondly, on the reasons why this figure is preferable to other operators involved in venture capital, namely venture capitalists. Finally, the good practices implemented in Europe by the various associations of business angels will be analyzed, paying particular attention to the Italian context, in order to consider the opportunity to develop, even in the Baltic Republics area, a similar institution being able to ensure, by promoting contact between entrepreneurs and business angels, the proper development of businesses, especially starting-up companies.
文摘There are 9.56 million accountants in China, who are working in different size firms and nonprofit organizations. The objective of this article is to examine the quantitative relationship between the firm size and the quantity of accountants working for the firm. In this paper, the employees, sales revenues, and total assets in a firm are employed to measure firm size. The authors collect and analyze the data of 436 listed firms from the Chinese Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The result of this study indicates there is a positive relationship between the firm size and the quantity of accountants employed by the firm. The study also establishes the multiple regression equation, which can be used to predict the quantity of accountants of listed firms. And it provides a way to predict the quantity of accountants of legal organizations.
文摘Along with China＇ s rapid economic development, the competition between enterprises is more and more intense, especially for the coal enterprises, and the market competition is fierce is predictable. If the coal enterprises want to be a healthy, sustainable development, it is necessary to strengthen the financial management and change the management mode according to the characteristics of the market competition. This paper mainly analyzes the present situation of financial management of coal enterprises in China and proposes further strengthening measures related to the financial management of coal enterprises.
文摘Modeling of ancillary services market can be described as institutional arrangements for establishing ancillary services management in deregulated electricity market. Models of the national ancillary services markets are market models which offer transmission system operator efficient procurement of ancillary services, reducing the system management risk, more competitive electricity market, better utilization of production facilities and complete deregulation of electricity markets. This paper deals with current mode of ancillary services market and potential market development in Croatia. Described models are used for establishing market of ancillary services which should occur in parallel with the electricity market.
文摘Along with the continuous development of China＇s reform and opening-up to the outside world, the market mechanism is constantly improved and developed. In the fiercely competitive market environment, the market risk can be avoided with enterprise financial management. In this paper, the problems in the current situation of enterprise financial management are introduced, and also improvement measures are proposed according to the problems.
文摘The research topic of this article ＂Managing and measuring business networks in Russia＂ has been under consideration in three successive research projects oriented to Russian business to business （B2B） networks. The projects have been accomplished by HAMK, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Tampere University of Technology （TUT）. Russian experts from The Higher School of Economics in Moscow and the Graduate School of Management in St. Petersburg were involved in these projects. We asked how managing and measuring B2B networks should be developed, when a company becomes established to Russian market. Both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods were used. Results concerning performance measurement presented in this article are based on data which was collected using survey and a questionnaire. Methodical triangulation was carried out as both research instruments produced 17 full answers for questions concerning performance measurement. Wider results are based on about 200 face-to-face interviews and answers for questionnaires. Results indicate that in Russia the management and leadership models as well as the company performance measurement should be adjusted to Russian traditions. Networked companies have difficulties in applying matrix type organizations in Russia, as management practices are based traditionally on authoritarian leadership. However, clear and specific targets should be set for projects and strategic business areas. Targets and bonuses should be agreed on with managers and staff throughout the company and the business network. Personal networks, within project stake- holders, have more emphasis in Russia than in Finland, because personal relations to authorities＇, and organizations are needed at every stage of the project. Therefore, managing SMEs working in B2B networks is challenging in Russia. In this article, a method for setting and implementing strategic targets for a business networked company is presented. Understanding networked performance measurement indicators will enable successful business for all networked partners in the long tenn.
