Based on the theory of Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), the correlation between 500 hPa geopotential height (H) fields over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and a 15-region rainfall (R) field of China in May is studi...Based on the theory of Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), the correlation between 500 hPa geopotential height (H) fields over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and a 15-region rainfall (R) field of China in May is studied. The results indicate that: (1) there is a strong relationship between the H fields in January / May and the R field in China, (2) the variation of the general circulation over the whole NH (especially the 500 hPa H field over Europe and Asia) can affect the R in China, (3) in January and February the atmospheric general circulation can affect the R mainly by means of planetary waves, while in April and May the main control mechanism can be due to some teleconnections, and (4) the characteristic vectors for R in May and H from January to May have wave train structure, alternating sign from south to north.展开更多
This paper investigates empirically the effect of different types of product market competition on levels of voluntary disclosure of proprietary information in financial markets. The author proposes that there are two...This paper investigates empirically the effect of different types of product market competition on levels of voluntary disclosure of proprietary information in financial markets. The author proposes that there are two types of strategic interaction settings relevant to disclosure： capacity competition and price competition. Capacity competition drives firms to disclose more information to attain financial market valuation-related benefits, while price competition drives them to disclose less to protect long-term product market advantages. The author finds that the type of product market competition affects the level of voluntary disclosure over and above the finn＇s external financing needs documented in the previous literature. That is, firms engaged in capacity competition disclose relatively more information than those in price competition. Further analysis shows that capacity competition firms disclose more information than no-strategic-interaction benchmark firms but that price competition firms do not disclose less information than the benchmark firms.展开更多
This paper is motivated by looking for a loop solution of the Hamiltonian systems such that (0.1) q'(t)+V′(q(t))=0 for t∈ with some T>0 and (0.2) 12|q′(t)| 2+V(q(t))=h ...This paper is motivated by looking for a loop solution of the Hamiltonian systems such that (0.1) q'(t)+V′(q(t))=0 for t∈ with some T>0 and (0.2) 12|q′(t)| 2+V(q(t))=h for t∈ with q(0)=q(T)=x 0 where q∈C 2(, R n 0}), n≥2, x 0∈R n 0} is a fixed point, h∈R is a given number, V∈C 2(R n 0}), R is a potential with a singularity and V′ denotes its gradient. Our main existence results are obtained by a appropriately defined lengthdecreasing (or rather energy decreasing) deformation and a min max procedure which is a combined version of Bahri Rabinowitz and Klingenberg . Our main assumptions are geodesic convex conditions found by the author and the strong force condition of Gordon . As a direct application, for the relativistic gravitational potential V(x)=|x| -1 +|x| -2 or its large scale perturbation, there always exists an almost periodic solution of (0.1)-(0.2) for any h∈R and any x 0∈R n 0} with | x 0 | small enough. This is an interesting phenomenon because we know that there exists no periodic solution of prescribed nonnegative energy for such a Hamiltonian system.展开更多
In today＇s knowledge-based economy, the role played by human capital in the determination of the market value of a firm is recognized. To be able to persist in the open competition, entities are forced to invest incr...In today＇s knowledge-based economy, the role played by human capital in the determination of the market value of a firm is recognized. To be able to persist in the open competition, entities are forced to invest increasingly in the professional training of their employees. Inconsistent with this rising importance is the prohibition to capitalize professional training cost according to international accounting standards （IAS） 38.69 （b）. Highly qualified employees ensure competitive advantages and thus lead to an increase in shareholder value. Regarding the financial statement as a primary source of information, it does not seem reasonable to leave such a valuable resource completely unnoticed in the balance sheet. Consequently, a truthful representation of a firm＇s asset should take training costs into account. This article pleads for a limitation of this general legal prohibition and analyzes under which premises those expenditures for training can comply with the common criteria of capitalization according to IAS 38.展开更多
基金Project "973" (G1998040905) a project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-203) Natural Science Foundation of China (40065001)
文摘Based on the theory of Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), the correlation between 500 hPa geopotential height (H) fields over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and a 15-region rainfall (R) field of China in May is studied. The results indicate that: (1) there is a strong relationship between the H fields in January / May and the R field in China, (2) the variation of the general circulation over the whole NH (especially the 500 hPa H field over Europe and Asia) can affect the R in China, (3) in January and February the atmospheric general circulation can affect the R mainly by means of planetary waves, while in April and May the main control mechanism can be due to some teleconnections, and (4) the characteristic vectors for R in May and H from January to May have wave train structure, alternating sign from south to north.
文摘This paper investigates empirically the effect of different types of product market competition on levels of voluntary disclosure of proprietary information in financial markets. The author proposes that there are two types of strategic interaction settings relevant to disclosure： capacity competition and price competition. Capacity competition drives firms to disclose more information to attain financial market valuation-related benefits, while price competition drives them to disclose less to protect long-term product market advantages. The author finds that the type of product market competition affects the level of voluntary disclosure over and above the finn＇s external financing needs documented in the previous literature. That is, firms engaged in capacity competition disclose relatively more information than those in price competition. Further analysis shows that capacity competition firms disclose more information than no-strategic-interaction benchmark firms but that price competition firms do not disclose less information than the benchmark firms.
文摘This paper is motivated by looking for a loop solution of the Hamiltonian systems such that (0.1) q'(t)+V′(q(t))=0 for t∈ with some T>0 and (0.2) 12|q′(t)| 2+V(q(t))=h for t∈ with q(0)=q(T)=x 0 where q∈C 2(, R n 0}), n≥2, x 0∈R n 0} is a fixed point, h∈R is a given number, V∈C 2(R n 0}), R is a potential with a singularity and V′ denotes its gradient. Our main existence results are obtained by a appropriately defined lengthdecreasing (or rather energy decreasing) deformation and a min max procedure which is a combined version of Bahri Rabinowitz and Klingenberg . Our main assumptions are geodesic convex conditions found by the author and the strong force condition of Gordon . As a direct application, for the relativistic gravitational potential V(x)=|x| -1 +|x| -2 or its large scale perturbation, there always exists an almost periodic solution of (0.1)-(0.2) for any h∈R and any x 0∈R n 0} with | x 0 | small enough. This is an interesting phenomenon because we know that there exists no periodic solution of prescribed nonnegative energy for such a Hamiltonian system.
文摘In today＇s knowledge-based economy, the role played by human capital in the determination of the market value of a firm is recognized. To be able to persist in the open competition, entities are forced to invest increasingly in the professional training of their employees. Inconsistent with this rising importance is the prohibition to capitalize professional training cost according to international accounting standards （IAS） 38.69 （b）. Highly qualified employees ensure competitive advantages and thus lead to an increase in shareholder value. Regarding the financial statement as a primary source of information, it does not seem reasonable to leave such a valuable resource completely unnoticed in the balance sheet. Consequently, a truthful representation of a firm＇s asset should take training costs into account. This article pleads for a limitation of this general legal prohibition and analyzes under which premises those expenditures for training can comply with the common criteria of capitalization according to IAS 38.
