In this paper,we compared the normalized radar cross section in the cases of oil spill,biogenic slicks,and clean sea areas with image samples made from 11-pixel NRCS average,and determined their thresholds of the NRCS...In this paper,we compared the normalized radar cross section in the cases of oil spill,biogenic slicks,and clean sea areas with image samples made from 11-pixel NRCS average,and determined their thresholds of the NRCS of the synthetic aperture radar. The results show that the thresholds of oil and biogenic slicks exhibit good consistency with the corresponding synthetic aperture radar images. In addition,we used the normalized radar cross section of clean water from adjacent patches of oil or biogenic slicks areas to replace that of oil or biogenic slicks areas,and retrieve wind field by CMOD5.n and compare wind velocity mending of oil and biogenic slicks areas with Weather Research and Forecasting modeled data,from which the root mean squares of wind speed(wind direction) inversion are 0.89 m/s(20.26°) and 0.88 m/s(7.07°),respectively. Therefore,after the occurrence of oil spill or biogenic slicks,the real wind field could be repaired using the method we introduced in this paper. We believe that this method could improve the accuracy in assessment of a real wind field on medium and small scales at sea,and enhance effectively the monitoring works on similar oil or biogenic slicks incidents at sea surface.展开更多
The cases of cholera in Mariupol and adjacent areas which were observed within the period of May-August, 2011 are investigated. Thirty-two diseased and 22 vibriocarriers were found on the territory of the city in the ...The cases of cholera in Mariupol and adjacent areas which were observed within the period of May-August, 2011 are investigated. Thirty-two diseased and 22 vibriocarriers were found on the territory of the city in the course of epidemic. The potential sources of infection are specified. The ways to avoid similar situations in the future are suggested. The analysis of the locations of the cholera contamination sources results in the obvious conclusion that most of them are connected with the place where the river Kalmius meets the Azov Sea. Waste flow from the residential solid waste landfill brings a considerable harm to the river Kalmius and the Azov Sea.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41176160)the "135 Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y455011031)
文摘In this paper,we compared the normalized radar cross section in the cases of oil spill,biogenic slicks,and clean sea areas with image samples made from 11-pixel NRCS average,and determined their thresholds of the NRCS of the synthetic aperture radar. The results show that the thresholds of oil and biogenic slicks exhibit good consistency with the corresponding synthetic aperture radar images. In addition,we used the normalized radar cross section of clean water from adjacent patches of oil or biogenic slicks areas to replace that of oil or biogenic slicks areas,and retrieve wind field by CMOD5.n and compare wind velocity mending of oil and biogenic slicks areas with Weather Research and Forecasting modeled data,from which the root mean squares of wind speed(wind direction) inversion are 0.89 m/s(20.26°) and 0.88 m/s(7.07°),respectively. Therefore,after the occurrence of oil spill or biogenic slicks,the real wind field could be repaired using the method we introduced in this paper. We believe that this method could improve the accuracy in assessment of a real wind field on medium and small scales at sea,and enhance effectively the monitoring works on similar oil or biogenic slicks incidents at sea surface.
文摘The cases of cholera in Mariupol and adjacent areas which were observed within the period of May-August, 2011 are investigated. Thirty-two diseased and 22 vibriocarriers were found on the territory of the city in the course of epidemic. The potential sources of infection are specified. The ways to avoid similar situations in the future are suggested. The analysis of the locations of the cholera contamination sources results in the obvious conclusion that most of them are connected with the place where the river Kalmius meets the Azov Sea. Waste flow from the residential solid waste landfill brings a considerable harm to the river Kalmius and the Azov Sea.
