泾阳-渭南活动断裂带场地形变与地层应力特征数值分析

西安地铁十号线穿越的泾阳—渭南断裂,该断裂为全新世活动断裂,黏滑发震与同震位错对地铁线路构成潜在安全威胁。为揭示泾阳—渭南断裂带黏滑发震和同震位错作用引起的场地形变与地层应力特征,以西安地铁十号线穿越泾阳—渭南断裂带为工程背景,建立断裂带场地同震位错与黏滑发震地质力学模型,考虑不同位错量及发震强度,开展断裂带场地形变及应力场特征的数值模拟分析。结果表明:同震位错下场地在断裂带附近上、下盘分别出现应力降低区和增强区,场地呈反“S”形差异沉降破坏,差异位移在断裂带处达到峰值且塑性区集中,上盘变形范围与塑性区分别为下盘的1.67倍和2.50倍;黏滑发震作用下场地在断裂带附近位移量及差异形变均达到峰值,大震时场地位移影响范围约为中震的6.50倍,且具有典型的上盘放大效应,远离断裂带时位移呈线性递减;大震时地表峰值加速度放大系数受影响范围为中震时1.14倍,场地呈“V”形剪切破坏,上盘塑性区范围约为中震时1.40倍,而下盘则为1.00倍。研究结果可为西安地铁线路穿越泾阳—渭南断裂带场地的抗震设防提供科学依据与参考借鉴。

基于InSAR技术的张家口定点形变观测场地形变监测

针对张家口定点形变观测场地伸缩仪NS向观测曲线在2020年6月至12月出现加速上升的异常变化,以张家口定点形变观测场地为研究区域,基于Sentinel-1 SAR降轨数据并采用小基线集技术对场地进行形变监测,并获取了2018—2020年该区垂向年平均形变速率和形变时间序列。研究结果表明:张家口断裂两侧地表在垂向的相对运动速率小于1 mm/a,断层活动性较弱;张家口断裂在NNW-SSE向拉张应力作用下,使得断层南盘地表相对北盘出现较为明显的沉降运动,导致张家口伸缩仪NS向观测出现张性加速趋势变化异常现象。

首都圈地区跨断层流动形变监测场地优化布设探讨

依据跨断层流动形变测量规范,兼顾监测场地的可控性和均匀性、监测服务目的以及活动断裂的地震易发性等,探讨了首都圈地区跨断层流动形变监测场地的优化布设。

华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地优化初探

首先分析了华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地布测现状及监测效能,继而依据跨断层流动形变测量规范及监测的可控性、均匀性、目的性以及监测场地监测效能等,结合该区域断裂活动及地震活动性研究结果,给出华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地拟优化布设结果。该优化布设结果消除了华北地区跨断层流动形变网监测地震活动盲区,有助于提高该区跨断层流动形变网监测地震活动能力。

Singularity-free expression of magnetic field of cuboid under undulating terrain

Most of the current computing methods used to determine the magnetic field of a uniformly magnetized cuboid assume that the observation point is located in the upper half space without a source. However, such methods may generate analytical singularities for conditions of undulating terrain. Based on basic geomagnetic field theories, in this study an improved magnetic field expression is derived using an integration method of variable substitution, and all singularity problems for the entire space without a source are discussed and solved. This integration process is simpler than that of previous methods, and final integral results with a more uniform form. AT at all points in the source-flee space can be calculated without requiring coordinate transformation; thus forward modeling is also simplified. Corresponding model tests indicate that the new magnetic field expression is more correct because there is no analytical singularity and can be used with undulating terrain.

Seismic Deformation and Seismic Resistance Analysis of Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete Arch Dam Based on Field Monitoring and Dynamic Finite Element Method

Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete(RCC) Arch Dam is the highest RCC arch dam of the 20th century in the world with a maximum height of 132m,and it is the only concrete arch dam near the epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th,2008.The seismic damage to the dam and the resistance of the dam has drawn great attention.This paper analyzed the response and resistance of the dam to the seismic wave using numerical simulations with comparison to the monitored data.The field investigation after the earthquake and analysis of insitu data record showed that there was only little variation in the opening size at the dam and foundation interface,transverse joints and inducing joints before and after the earthquake.The overall stability of the dam abutment resistance body was quite good except a little relaxation was observed.The results of the dynamic finite element method(FEM) showed that the sizes of the openings obtained from the numerical modeling are comparable with the monitored values,and the change of the opening size is in millimeter range.This study revealed that Shapai arch dam exhibited high seismic resistance and overload capacity in the Wenchuan earthquake event.The comparison of the monitored and simulated results showed that the numerical method applied in this paper well simulated the seismic response of the dam.The method could be useful in the future application on the safety evaluation of RCC dams.

Study on the Horizontal Deformation Strain Field in the Central and Northern Parts of Yunnan Province

Based on the horizontal deformation field and the strain field derived from the GPS data over the period of 1999～2001 in the Yunnan area, the characteristics of deformation and strain in the northern part of Yunnan Province have been studied. The results indicate that the central part of the studied area is rather stable with little crustal displacement, while the western and eastern parts are active with larger displacement. The strain field reveals that the orientations of the principal compressive strain axis of the crust and the sub blocks in the area are NW SE, while the orientations of the principal tensile strain axis is NE SW. In the studied area, the tensile strain is predominatly in the northern part and the compressive strain is predominatly in the central and southern parts. The stretching direction of the shear strain contour is basically consistent with the strike of the active fault. The strain and stress fields of the fault activity are related to the structure where the fault is located, while the activity properties of the faults are different.

西安地震台新山洞建设亮点与创新

西安基准地震台是陕西省地震局重要的窗口台站,由于老的形变山洞建设时间早,建设起点低,存在噪声大、观测精度不高等问题。2017年底开始在西安台南侧约200 m占地面积约600 m2处的钻孔应变观测场地建设形变观测新山洞,项目从设计到施工,既学习和借鉴了先进台站形变观测山洞的建设经验,同时也加入了一些创新元素。新建山洞按"观测业务区""比测实验区""宣传展示区"三大功能分区进行布局,努力打造标准化、信息化、现代化地震综合观测场地。

Movement and deformation laws of the overlying strata in paste filling stope

We combined the similar simulation with numerical simulation to analyze the movement and deforma- tion features of overlying strata caused by paste backfill mining, study the movement and deformation laws of the overlying strata in paste backfill mining, structural movement of the stope strata as well as the stope stress distribution laws. Furthermore, authors also explored the key factors to the movement and deformation of the overlying strata in paste backfill mining. The results indicate that a caving zone existed in the bending zone only in the overlying strata of the paste backfill mining. Compared with the roof caving mining, the degree of stress concentration and area of influence in the paste filling stope were apparently smaller. And the degree of destruction and area of the overlying strata decreased prominently. Also, there was no apparent strata behavior in the working face. Lastly, the filling ratio was the key to control the movement and deformation of the overlying strata. Combined with a specific engineering example, the author proved the reliability of the simulation results and provided a theoretical basis for the further extension of the paste backfill mining.

Earthquake deformation field characteristics associated with the 2010 Yushu M_s7.1 earthquake

The spatial distribution and characterization of a heavily damaged area can be determined by studying surface ruptures of seismogenic faults.If the distribution of surface ruptures can be obtained shortly after they occur,then areas heavily damaged by an earthquake can be readily identified.The information can then be used as a guide for earthquake relief programs.In this paper,an intensity offset-tracking method applied to an ALOS PALSAR image is used to map the Yushu earthquake rupture and to identify the faults activated by the earthquake.Azimuthal displacement analysis indicates that the surface rupture is about 55 km long,running from the epicenter to the southeast,trending N310°W,with a relative displacement of～1 m characterized by sinistral slip.The result of range displacement observations indicates that the north wall of the fault is dominated by decreases(i.e.,uplift in line of sight observations) ,whereas in the south wall of the fault,the range displacement is dominated by increases(drops in line of sight observations) .Given the position from which the images were recorded,this means that the north wall moves westward,and the south wall move eastward,i.e.,left-lateral slip motion across the fault.Finally,an earthquake disaster assessment using computer-assisted image analysis software shows that buildings near the fault rupture have been destroyed most heavily;therefore,the shape of the heavily damage belt is controlled partially by the fault rupture's geometry and the damage degree relates to the magnitude of displacement field.