阻燃ABS燃烧性能及对火灾中人员所需安全疏散时间的影响

采用工业化产品用量最大的十溴二苯醚(DBDPO)和更新替代产品十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)制备了阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS),利用锥形量热仪研究了阻燃ABS的燃烧性能,在此基础上利用场模型软件(FDS)进行了火灾模拟研究。结果表明,与ABS/Sb2O3相比,ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3的平均热释放速率、热释放速率峰值、有效燃烧热、总热释放分别下降了42.29%4、8.87%、24.11%、63.24%,ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3分别下降了41.49%、44.99%2、1.37%、62.31%,但二者的烟毒参数、平均比消光面积、释烟量、平均CO生成量明显上升。FDS模拟结果显示ABS/Sb2O3的可用安全疏散时间为67.7 s,小于计算所需安全疏散时间139.5 s,对人员疏散造成威胁,ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3和ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3的可用安全疏散时间均大于150 s,对于人员疏散是安全的。

急倾斜薄煤层采空区煤自燃和瓦斯爆炸危险区域分布特征

为提高急倾斜煤层伪斜开采条件下瓦斯与煤自燃综合防治效果,基于煤自燃"三带"划分标准和瓦斯爆炸三角形,建立采空区自燃"三带"分布的数学模型,利用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2模拟软件,对东林煤矿3409工作面采空区孔隙率、气体浓度、温度等参数进行模拟分析。结果表明:采空区上部孔隙率较大,下部除回风巷道边缘处较大外,其他区域孔隙率相对较低;氧气浓度结合漏风速度共同划分氧化带范围为:在进风侧氧化带宽23.2 m,在回风侧宽37.6 m,高温区域主要集中在回风侧、采空区的下部距离工作面较近区域;采空区上部瓦斯浓度相对较低,下部瓦斯浓度相对较高;瓦斯爆炸危险区域为中间工作面支架处区域范围为爆炸危险区域。

CFD prediction of physical field for multi-air channel pulverized coal burner in rotary kiln

A 3-D numerical simulation with CFX software on physical field of multi-air channel coal burner in rotary kiln was carried out. The effects of various operational and structural parameters on flame feature and temperature distribution were investigated. A thermal measurement was conducted on a rotary kiln (4.5m in diameter, 90m in length) with four-air channel coal burner to determine the boundary conditions and to verify the simulation results. The calculation result shows that the distribution of velocity near burner exit is saddle-like; recirculation zones near nozzle and wall are useful for mixture primary air with coal and high temperature fume. A little central airflow can avoid coal backing up and cool nozzle. Adjusting the ratio of internal airflow to outer airflow is an effective and major means to regulate flame and temperature distribution in sintering region. Large whirlcone angle can intensify disturbution range at flame root to accelerate ignition and mixture. Large coal size can reduce high temperature region and result in coal combusting insufficiently. Too much combustion air will lengthen flame and increase heat loss.

Upper-bound and finite element analyses of multi-row sprocket during cold semi-precision forging process

The cold semi-precision forging of a multi-row sprocket was investigated using upper-bound （UB） and finite element methods combined with experiments. Based on the design of a new tooth profile for the sprocket, a cold semi-precision forging process and a kinematically admissible velocity field for filling the die cavity were proposed. Using the UB method, the velocity fields of the sprocket billet in the forming process were divided theoretically and calculated. The process of forging a multi-row sprocket was simulated using the FEM package Deform-3D V6.1 to obtain the distributions of the velocity field and the effective stress field in filling the die cavity. Similar to the simulated results, the experiment on cold forging a 5052 aluminum alloy sprocket was successfully performed. By comparing the calculated （UB method）, experimental and simulated load-stroke curves, the calculated and simulated results were basically in accordance with the experimental results. The study provides a theoretical foundation for the development of the precision forging of multi-row sprockets.

Comparison of structure and physical fields in 400 kA aluminum reduction cells

To investigate the differences and the development trends of the 400 kA aluminum reduction cell, four representative cells were deeply analyzed. By using numerical simulation methods in ANSYS software, the structure parameters were firstly compared, and then three-dimensional models of electric-magnetic-flow field were built and solved with finite element method(FEM). The comparison of the structures reveals that the cell bodies are similar while the current flow path and distribution ratio of bus bars are different. It appears that most of the current(70%-80%) in side A are used as the magnetic field compensation current and flow through two ends. The numerical simulation results indicate that the distributions of magnetic fields are different but all satisfy with the magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) stabilization, and the flow patterns are all two or multi vortexes with appropriate velocities. The comparison shows that all studied cells can satisfy with the physical field requirement, and the commercial applications also verify that the 400 kA cells have become the product of the mature and world's leading technology.

Numerical simulation study of gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation

Aiming at the issue that mass of gas emission from mining gob and the gas exceeded in working face, gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation was studied. In consideration of the influence of natural wind pressure to analyze the stope face differential pressure, gob air leakage field distribution and gas migration regularity theoretically. Established a two-dimensional physical model with one source and one doab, and applied computational fluid dynamics analysis software Fluent to do numerical simulation, analyzed and contrasted to the areas of gob air leakage on size and gas emission from gob to working face on strength when using the downlink ventilation and uplink ventilation. When applied downward ventilation in stope face, the air leakage field of gob nearly working face, and the air leakage intensity were smaller than uplink, this can effectively reduce the gas emission from gob to working face; when used downlink ventilation, the air leakage airflow carry the lower amount of gas to doab than uplink ventilation, and more easily to mix the gas, reduced the possibility of gas accumulation in upper comer and the stratified flows, it can provide protection to mine with safe and effective production.

Numerical simulation of vegetated mine dump slope with reference to small plants

The present paper discusses the effects of small plants on the dump mass reinforcement and slope stability.The roots of smaller plants(such as grasses and shrubs)do not go deep.However,they stabilize the slope by binding the upper layer of dump slope.Shear strength of the dump mass with and without root reinforcement is determined by laboratory shear box instrument.The increased cohesion(apparent cohesion)of upper layer of the dump mass due to plants is determined by fabricated shear box.The kinetic behavior of the dump has been investigated using the FLAC software.The factor of safety has been calculated in order to determine the possible effect of small plants on the stability of the dump slope.It is observed that the small plants do not significantly improve the factor of safety(FOS)of slope.However,it could be useful for early stabilization.The grasses quickly bind the upper surface,whereas shrubs too immensely strengthen the stability of the dump in the initial stage.

Mechanism on simulation and experiment of pre-crack seam formation in stope roof

The pre-crack blast technology has been used to control the induction caving area in the roof. The key is to form the pre-crack seam and predict the effect of the seam. The H-J-C blast model was built in the roof. Based on the theories of dynamic strength and failure criterion of dynamic rock, the rock dynamic damage and the evolution of pre-crack seam were simulated by the tensile damage and shear failure of the model. According to the actual situation of No. 92 ore body test stope at Tongkeng Mine, the formation process of the pre-crack blast seam was simulated by Ansys/Ls-dyna software, the pre-crack seam was inspected by a system of digital panoramic borehole camera. The pre-crack seam was inspected by the system of digital panoramic borehole in the roof. The results of the numerical simulation and inspection show that in the line of centers of pre-hole, the minimum of the tensile stress reaches 20 MPa, which is much larger than 13.7 MPa of the dynamic tensile strength of rock. The minimum particle vibration velocity reaches 50 cm/s, which is greater than 30-40 cm/s of the allowable vibration velocity. It is demonstrated that the rock is destroyed near the center line and the pre-crack is successfully formed by the large diameters and large distances pre-crack holes in the roof.

Numerical simulation of flow field of single-hole oxygen lance jet

The numerical simulation of jet flow field in Laval tube was carried out first by commercial software CFX4.4, and it is used to determine inlet pressure condition out of nozzle in order to its numerical simulation. The decay rule of jet middle line velocity of axial symmetry turbulence jet and cross section＇s expand situation out of the tube in different stagnation pressure and surrounding temperature were analyzed systematically. The result showed that K-e model is suitable for numerical simulation. The conclusion will have important guide and referent function to research of two important craft parameters, impact depth and the impact area which are related to steel-making production practice.

Effects of Measuring Positions on the Measured Aerodynamic Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor

This paper performs a numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow field in a centrifugal compressor with long inlet and outlet pipes using CFX software.By arranging virtual probes at different positions in both inlet and outlet planes,the aerodynamic performance of the centrifugal compressor is measured and compared with each other.Then effects of measuring positions on measurement results are discussed.The results show that it will generate notable measuring errors of the pressure ratio and efficiency if the inlet total pressure is measured using a single-point probe.The inlet total pressure data can be accurate when they are measured using a 3-point rake.The outlet total pressure and total temperature data can not be accurate if they are respectively measured at one circumferential position even using a multi-point rake.Increasing tangential measuring positions at the outlet is effective to improve the test accuracy.When the outlet total pressure and total temperature are respectively measured at 3 tangential positions,the data can be almost accurate.