三维空间大气紊流场生成与扩展方法

为了提高飞机穿越大气紊流场时的实时飞行仿真逼真度,提出了三维空间大气紊流场的生成与扩展方法。采用Von Karman模型,在频域空间直接进行蒙特卡罗法随机抽样,经三维傅立叶逆变换得到三维空间大气紊流场。基于傅立叶变换的复共轭对称特性,生成实的紊流场。在飞行仿真过程中,对预先生成的无因次紊流场进行有因次化,保证紊流场尺度和强度随飞行高度动态变化。运用基于对称扩展的紊流场扩展方法,保证生成的局部空间紊流场有效扩展为大范围连续紊流场。仿真结果表明:生成的三维紊流场在对称扩展前、后均符合Von Karman模型,且与基于紊流场相关函数矩阵的生成方法相比,新算法计算速度快,存储空间需求少,更适于实时飞行仿真。

基于生成式对抗网络的风场生成研究

生成式对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Network,GAN)是人工智能领域较为重要的思想与方法。该文提出基于GAN生成风场,其中,由于GAN需要训练数据,考虑到实测风场数据的困难与匮乏,该文通过改进循环预前模拟法生成训练数据,并利用GANθ与GAN_(Δθ)生成风场,前者用于生成单点相位谱,后者用于生成单位距离相位谱差值,以克服传统模拟方法湍流度略低、频谱特性失真等不足;进而基于中心递进法利用GANθ、GAN_(Δθ)的结果生成相位谱;利用相位谱、幅值谱生成风场。从数据分布角度定性评估了GAN结果质量;利用1-NN算法定量评估了GAN结果质量;从风场特性角度将GAN生成的风场与目标风场进行了对比验证。通过定性、定量及对比验证可得:基于GAN生成的数据分布与目标分布相接近,生成的风场特性与目标风场相接近,说明基于GAN生成风场方法通过学习数据分布特性生成数据,具有良好的适应能力与生成数据能力。

一种指纹合成的方法及其实现

提出并实现了一种指纹合成方法.该方法通过新的联合方向场模型生成更加符合真实指纹的方向场,并提出一种新的指纹密度图的表示方法.然后,通过改进的Gabor滤波器生成指纹脊线纹理.该方法包括两个主要步骤:首先,经过指纹方向场生成、密度图生成和脊线纹理生成产生一个指纹模板图像;然后对指纹模板图像进行一系列变换,包括添加划痕、纹理平移、脊线的膨胀/腐蚀、脊线的弹性形变、脊线的加噪和平滑、图像的平移和旋转、改变对比度、添加背景噪声,最终得到类似于真实指纹的合成指纹图像.基于该方法的指纹生成器平台,已在2004年中国生物特征竞赛中得到应用和检验.实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性.

Techno-economic and Environmental Assessments of SAF from Bioamss:An Review

This review presents a comprehensive techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)production from biomass.The critical need for transitioning towards environmentally sustainable alternatives for liquid fuel and aviation industry is first discussed.Key insights encompass the evolutionary progression of biofuel production from first-generation to second-generation biofuels,with a focus on utilizing non-food sources like woody biomass for enhanced sustainability.Available data from the literature on techno-economic assessments of various SAF production pathways are analyzed including production costs,conversion efficiency,and scalability.Moreover,results of lifecycle assessments associated with different SAF production pathways are presented,providing essential insights for decision-making processes.The challenges of scaling up woody biomass-based SAF production are discussed based on the assessment results,and recommendations are proposed to steer stakeholders towards a greener and more sustainable trajectory for aviation operations.

知识场的考证与知识场的生成及场效应分析

描述场的散度、旋度和梯度三个基本特征,分析科学知识的扩散、吸收和在分布中的知识密度梯度三个重要参量,结果表明在知识分布的空间范围内存在场的基本特征,由此论证知识场的存在。通过学科知识要素的分析,认为知识场是由学科的根基,即知识的基因生成的。最后以知识流动的实例论述知识场的效应。

使用3DS软件的几个问题释疑

本文针对3DS用户常遇到的几个问题,如:一次生成若干个3DS文件,使用场生成功能消除快速运动物体的跳动感,防止静止物体的变化等问题进行了详细的分析,并提出了解决这些问题的技巧和方法。

Three-dimensional Spaces of Quasi-constant Curvature

In this paper some properties of three-dimensional spaces of quasi-constant curvature different from those of cases when dimension n≥4 are proved. In particular, two classes of non-conformally flat solutions of them are constructed. In physics,a three-dimensional space of quasi-constant curvature appears as the space-like hypersurface of the rotation-free cosmological model of type D for the fluids with heat flow in General Relativity.

Cost of Production at Business Unit in Aquaculture Industry： Study at Aquafarm Nusantara Company

Types of industry are manifold, patterns used in the determination of the cost of production can also vary. Elements of the cost of production are raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead. Value of raw materials used in aquaculture industry in particular needs to calculate the cost of feed consumed by fish, thus greatly affect the price of fish feed cost of production. The calculation of the value of raw materials in fish production cost element to consider is the calculation of the value of raw material components, namely, （1） biomass of harvestable fish as the basic multiplication cost of production per kilogram or per fish harvested fish; （2） the ratio of fish feed intake by the amount of fish produced or often called the Feed Conversion Ratio （FCR）; and （3） the average purchase price of feed on fish harvest period is used as the basis for calculating the cost of production as well. This research is applied research that uses data archive aquaculture companies. The results in the observed period, the value FCR is 0.80, which means to fish have been consumed as much as 0.80 kg of fish feed. Biomass of fish that are harvested at 47,399.95 kg or 1,869,647 individuals. The average purchase price of fish feed on the observation period amounted to IDR 4,855.79. So the price of raw materials contained in harvested fish in the observation period calculates the value of multiplying all the components of raw materials （i.e., IDR 184,131,362.57）. Method of calculating the cost of production companies is process method and charging method used is the full costing method.

A new two-dimensional experimental apparatus for electrochemical remediation processes

Electrochemical extraction of contaminants from soils is a promising soil decontamination technology. Various experiments have been conducted to study electrochemical reactions and geochemical processes in the electrochemical extraction using different experimental apparatuses. This paper presents the development of a new closed two-dimensional(2D) apparatus that can better simulate the field application of the technology and accurately monitor the most important electrochemical parameters to understand the process. The innovative features of the new apparatus include the outer and inner electrodes designed to apply a non-uniform electrical field across the specimen as in the field electrochemical remediation process, the probes installed to measure the 2D distribution of electrical voltage, and the gas and fluid volume measurement devices used to accurately monitor the gas generation and electroosmotic flow rates at both electrodes as a function of time. The components of this new apparatus and the features of each component are described. The operating procedure and some typical results from three experiments with the apparatus are demonstrated. The results show that the variation of the gas generation rate is in good agreement with the electric current. Their relation provides a valid evaluation for electrochemical behavior of the system and Faraday's laws of electrolysis. The 2D profiles of cadmium concentration and voltage distribution at the end of the experiment reveal the great effects of a non-uniform electrical field on the contaminant mobilization.

Animal Production Systems in Algeria： Transformation and Tendencies in the Setif Area

Algeria registers only 0.25 ha of agricultural surface per capita. This indicates very low agricultural capacities. Otherwise agricultural activities are concentrated in a narrow fringe of the Northern part of the country where the dominant climate is semi-arid with very irregular rainfalls. A majority of farms produces its main part of income from cereal crops--livestock association system. However, the diversity of the climate and the physical environment, on one hand, and the agricultural policies on the other hand, induce major transformations in this system. Transformations are also the result of a significant demographic growth in rural area. In this context, significant issues appear in term of resource＇s uses and systems＇ sustainability. To shed light in the actual situation, this study, based on a survey of 90 owners, shows that： the intensification can constitute a threat on the pastoral resources; the weakness of the farms encourages the generalization of practices characterised by a weak feed autonomy and a bad management of stock fodders; the animal interspecific integration and partial intensification are positive if they follow models which ensure autonomy, performance and optimal pastoral resource management.

Debt Rating Initiations： Natural Evolution or Opportunistic Behavior？

The authors examine a firm＇s decision to begin issuing debt in public bond markets and find that it is a function of both life cycle influences and opportunistic timing. Defining life cycle factors to encompass both a firm＇s age in years and its underlying characteristics, the authors confirm that bond market participation is generally restricted to large, mature firms. Summary statistics show that finns obtain their initial bond ratings on average 9.5 years after their equity initial public offering （IPO） and 11.8 years after initiating dividend payments. Growth rates, capital expenditures, and cash flow volatility all decline as the firm accesses public debt markets, consistent with entry into the mature phase of its life cycle. With respect to opportunistic timing, it is asked whether entry into public bond markets follows strong performance （or precedes weak performance） at both the firm and market levels. At the firm level, the authors find that the debt IPO occurs following periods of strong operating performance and high excess stock returns. At the market level, entry coincides with favorable interest rates and default spreads. The benefits of careful timing result in firms receiving initial bond ratings that are stronger than what would be predicted; however, there is no evidence of abnormal numbers of downgrades for these firms in subsequent years.

New Rural Construction 2.0: Practice of “Small Group Ecology” in Chengdu

One big issue in the＂Large Centralization＂era is what farmers would do for living when they have been centralized to live in tall buildings and their lands have been circulated？Now,the distance between farmers and their workplaces are limited to 10minutes in the planning.Compared to the construction of happy and beautiful new countryside in China,

Globalization and Local Strategy： The IKEA Experience in Apulia

The process of the economic globalization that has increasingly made markets for goods and services, capital markets, and interdependent consumption patterns, is strongly linked to the current issue of the relationship between marketing and territory. Marketing is usually described as a set of tools used by businesses to promote the exchange of goods and services produced in order to fully meet the demand of the community of the territory in which they operate. Therefore, to apply marketing to the territory, one needs to identify a set of rules for programming, evaluation, and promotion, in order to attract producers and consumers to an area, in which there are both tangible and intangible factors. The ability to create a development process is not only related to the possession of these factors, but also and above all to the ability to make them cohesive so that the area as a whole has more value than its individual components. In this paper, the authors show that it is not so much the actions carried out by local political institutions, but those of IKEA~ itself have contributed to the improvement of the area around Bari, where it has chosen to open a store.

Effects of Vegetation Cover, Grazing and Season on Herbage Species Composition and Biomass: A Case Study of Yabello Rangeland, Southern Ethiopia

The Yabello rangeland is a semi-arid area in Borana, Ethiopia that is facing great degradation challenges. Increasing infestation of vegetation cover, over grazing and high seasonal variation have significantly affected the herbage composition and biomass in the Yabello rangeland. This study focused on assessing the effect of vegetation cover, grazing and season on both herbage composition and biomass in the Yabello rangeland. An experiment was conducted using randomized plots of 1m×1m. Sites were selected based on vegetation cover type and grazing variation, and seasonal impacts were also assessed. Data on herbage composition, height and mass with respect to those parameters were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.1(SAS Institute, 2001) and Microsoft Excel. A total of 26 grass species were recorded and Chloris roxburghiana Chrysopogon aucheri and Chrysopogon aucheri grass species showed the highest average single species cover height and biomass production, for all the sites among all parameters. As a result, those grass species are highly recommended for the rehabilitation of degraded rangeland in the study area. This study also showed that vegetation cover type grazing and seasonal variation were the key factors in determining herbage species composition, height and biomass production. Finally, we recommended that sustainable management which controls bush vegetation cover and balances grazing levels is essential for sustainable herbage production and biodiversity conservation in the area.

An Analytical Solution of the Potential Velocity Field Induced by a Growing Bubble from a Plate Orifice

An analytical solution is derived with the mirror image method of the velocity field of an inviscid liquid induced by a growing bubble from a plate orifice. The flow is assumed potential, and the bubble shape is idealised as spherical. In deriving the motion equation, the spherical image of a point source, which is a combination of a point source and a line source, is proved approximate to a double source. This approximation enables continuation of the effectiveness of mirror image method to the case studied in this paper. The derived velocity potential equation is verified for the boundary conditions on the bubble surface and the orifice plate. The streamlines of the velocity field are presented and compared with experimental results in the literature.

Method of Generating Strategic Guidance Information for Driving Evacuation Flows to Approach Safety-Based System Optimal Dynamic Flows: Case Study of a Large Stadium

In previous evacuation flow planning, a system optimal dynamic traffic assignment(SODTA) did not consider the exogenous costs caused by potential traffic accidents. A traffic accident,which might occur as a result of traffic congestion, will impact an evacuation process because of accidentrelated delays experienced by the downstream vehicles. This paper establishes a safety-based SO-DTA linear programming model in which the generalized system cost incorporates both the travel time and the accident-related delay. The goal is to minimize the generalized system cost under the cell transmission setup. Furthermore, the authors provide strategic guidance information that considers both the objective of the decision maker and the route choice behavior of the evacuees. Mathematically,the authors propose an unconstrained non-linear programming model aimed at minimizing the gap between the safety-based flows and the stochastic real-world evacuation flows, to provide strategic travel time information to be published on variable message signs(VMS). In the case study, the authors found that the safety-based SO-DTA model can reduce congestion and improve the evacuation efficiency; the stochastic real-world evacuation flows, guided by strategic information, can approach the safety-based flows.

EQUILIBRIUM IN AN OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODEL WITH ALTRUISTIC PREFERENCE WHEN MARKETS ARE FRICTIONAL

Abstract. This paper examines the equilibrium existence of an overlapping generationsmodel with transaction costs. Moreover, we also show that if the equilibrium prices ofbuying equal those of selling the equilibrium allocations are pareto effiCient when the valueof the aggregate endowment at equilibrium price is finite.

Extension of Harmonic Cutoff and Generation of Isolated Sub-30 as Pulse in a Two-Color Chirped Laser Field

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic and isolated attosecond pulse generation in a two-color chirped laser field,which is synthesized by a 9 fs/800 nm fundamental chirped pulse and a 9 fs/1600 nm controlling chirped pulse.Our numerical results show that,by using this method,not only is the harmonic cutoff significantly extended to the 948th order harmonic,but also the bandwidth of the supercontinuum spectrum is effectively broadened to about 1342 eV.In addition,due to the introduction of the chirp,the long quantum path is suppressed and only the short one is selected,and then an isolated 28 as pulse with a bandwidth of 155 eV is obtained directly.