The types, composition and physico-chemical conditions of primary fluid inclusions were researched. The results show that the primary fluid inclusions contain vapor and liquid phase type （Type I）, daughter mineral-b...The types, composition and physico-chemical conditions of primary fluid inclusions were researched. The results show that the primary fluid inclusions contain vapor and liquid phase type （Type I）, daughter mineral-bearing type （Type II） and pure liquid phase type （Type III）. The compositions of vapor are mainly H20 and CO2 with a tiny amounts of CH4 and H2; the liquid phase mainly contains Mg2＋, Ca2＋, Na＋, K＋, CI- and SO]-, and w（Na＋）/w（K＋）〉l; the homogenization temperatures of the primary fluid inclusions can be divided into 190-250 ℃, 250-340 ℃ and 360-420 ℃, corresponding to the salinities of 4%-9%, 9%-14%, and 14%-20.43% （NaC1 equivalent mass fraction）, respectively. The mineralization process can be divided into three episodes： the silicatization stage, the quartz-sulfide stage, and the carbonatization stage, and all of them are associated with the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid activity. The origin of the hydrothermal fluid is from magrnatic water mainly, and later it mixes with the groundwater and meteoric water, which lead to the decrease of temperature and salinity. The decrease of salinity, temperature and pressure are the main causes of the metallogenic elements unloading and enriching in the favorable position.展开更多
Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. （Coleoptera： Bruchinae） is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds （Vigna subterranea Verd.） in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, s...Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. （Coleoptera： Bruchinae） is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds （Vigna subterranea Verd.） in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, some of the biological parameters of C. subinnotatus were determined under laboratory conditions （30 ± 2℃; 72 ± 2% HR; 12h： 12h LD）. The results have shown that the mean lifespan of females （11.36±1.85 days） is shorter than that of males （15.14 ±2.4 days）. The female lays 80.83% eggs within the first 6 days after her emergence with a mean fecundity of 121.34 ±27.62 eggs. The means egg fertility, survival and adult emergence rates are respectively 96.19±1.45%, 97.72 ± 1.08% and 94.01± 2.14%. The sex ratio is in favor of males with a mean of 0.845 ± 0.08. The monitoring of adult emergence in connection with their reproductive status showed that the offspring of C. subinnotatus consists of two physiotypes, a reproductive type that appears during the first 8 days of emergence with a short development time （28.35± 3.36 days） and a non reproductive type that appears from the 9th day of emergence with a longer development time （37.92 ± 3.92 days）.展开更多
Multi-decadal high resolution climate change simulations over East Asia were performed by using The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM3), nested within the NA...Multi-decadal high resolution climate change simulations over East Asia were performed by using The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM3), nested within the NASA/NCAR global model FvGCM/CCM3. Two sets of simulations were conducted at 20-km grid spacings, one for present day (1961-1990) and one for the future climate (2071-2100, IPCC A2 scenario). Simulations of present climate conditions over China by RegCM3 and FvGCM were compared against observations to assess the model performance. Results showed that both models repro- duced the observed spatial structure of 500 hPa height, surface air temperature and precipitation. Compared with FvGCM, RegCM3 provided increasing spatial detail of surface variables. Furthermore, RegCM3 improved the simulation of monsoon precipitation over the region. Changes in the mean temperature and precipitation were analyzed and compared between the two models. Significant warming in the end of the 21st century was simulated by both models in December-January-February (DJF), June-July-August (JJA), and the annual mean. In DJF, greater warming was simulated by FvGCM over Northeast and Northwest China, as well as the Tibetan Plateau, compared with RegCM. In JJA, RegCM3 simulated greater warming over northern China, Inner Mongolia, Northwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau. Simulated changes in DJF precipitation showed similar spatial patterns between the two models. In JJA, while FvGCM projected a prevailing increase of monsoon precipitation over China, which is in agreement with other global models, RegCM3 projected extended areas of decreased precipitation. Changes in the variability for annual mean temperature and precipitation also are presented.展开更多
基金Supported by NSF of China(11201213,11371183)NSF of Shandong Province(ZR2015AM026,ZR2013AM004)the Project of Shandong Provincial Higher Educational Science and Technology(J15LI07)
基金Project(200911007-04) supported by the Special Funds for Scientific Research of Land and Natural Resources, ChinaProject (2007CB411405) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(20109901) supported by the National Crisis Office of China
文摘The types, composition and physico-chemical conditions of primary fluid inclusions were researched. The results show that the primary fluid inclusions contain vapor and liquid phase type （Type I）, daughter mineral-bearing type （Type II） and pure liquid phase type （Type III）. The compositions of vapor are mainly H20 and CO2 with a tiny amounts of CH4 and H2; the liquid phase mainly contains Mg2＋, Ca2＋, Na＋, K＋, CI- and SO]-, and w（Na＋）/w（K＋）〉l; the homogenization temperatures of the primary fluid inclusions can be divided into 190-250 ℃, 250-340 ℃ and 360-420 ℃, corresponding to the salinities of 4%-9%, 9%-14%, and 14%-20.43% （NaC1 equivalent mass fraction）, respectively. The mineralization process can be divided into three episodes： the silicatization stage, the quartz-sulfide stage, and the carbonatization stage, and all of them are associated with the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid activity. The origin of the hydrothermal fluid is from magrnatic water mainly, and later it mixes with the groundwater and meteoric water, which lead to the decrease of temperature and salinity. The decrease of salinity, temperature and pressure are the main causes of the metallogenic elements unloading and enriching in the favorable position.
文摘Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. （Coleoptera： Bruchinae） is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds （Vigna subterranea Verd.） in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, some of the biological parameters of C. subinnotatus were determined under laboratory conditions （30 ± 2℃; 72 ± 2% HR; 12h： 12h LD）. The results have shown that the mean lifespan of females （11.36±1.85 days） is shorter than that of males （15.14 ±2.4 days）. The female lays 80.83% eggs within the first 6 days after her emergence with a mean fecundity of 121.34 ±27.62 eggs. The means egg fertility, survival and adult emergence rates are respectively 96.19±1.45%, 97.72 ± 1.08% and 94.01± 2.14%. The sex ratio is in favor of males with a mean of 0.845 ± 0.08. The monitoring of adult emergence in connection with their reproductive status showed that the offspring of C. subinnotatus consists of two physiotypes, a reproductive type that appears during the first 8 days of emergence with a short development time （28.35± 3.36 days） and a non reproductive type that appears from the 9th day of emergence with a longer development time （37.92 ± 3.92 days）.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421407)the R & D Special Fund for Public Welfare (Grant Nos. Industry Meteorology-GYHY200806010 and Forestry-200804001)
文摘Multi-decadal high resolution climate change simulations over East Asia were performed by using The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM3), nested within the NASA/NCAR global model FvGCM/CCM3. Two sets of simulations were conducted at 20-km grid spacings, one for present day (1961-1990) and one for the future climate (2071-2100, IPCC A2 scenario). Simulations of present climate conditions over China by RegCM3 and FvGCM were compared against observations to assess the model performance. Results showed that both models repro- duced the observed spatial structure of 500 hPa height, surface air temperature and precipitation. Compared with FvGCM, RegCM3 provided increasing spatial detail of surface variables. Furthermore, RegCM3 improved the simulation of monsoon precipitation over the region. Changes in the mean temperature and precipitation were analyzed and compared between the two models. Significant warming in the end of the 21st century was simulated by both models in December-January-February (DJF), June-July-August (JJA), and the annual mean. In DJF, greater warming was simulated by FvGCM over Northeast and Northwest China, as well as the Tibetan Plateau, compared with RegCM. In JJA, RegCM3 simulated greater warming over northern China, Inner Mongolia, Northwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau. Simulated changes in DJF precipitation showed similar spatial patterns between the two models. In JJA, while FvGCM projected a prevailing increase of monsoon precipitation over China, which is in agreement with other global models, RegCM3 projected extended areas of decreased precipitation. Changes in the variability for annual mean temperature and precipitation also are presented.
