In this work, the easy to use, simple and direct equations were formulated and tested. These equations can be used to calculate the mean values of the heat transfer coefficients of inside tube flow during phase change...In this work, the easy to use, simple and direct equations were formulated and tested. These equations can be used to calculate the mean values of the heat transfer coefficients of inside tube flow during phase change. Analytical and experimental methods were used to correlate these equations. Two different forms were used, one for evaporation case and the other for condensation case. Carbon dioxide, CO2, was used as case study. Correlated values of the mean heat transfer coefficients （hcor,.） were compared with the experimental results （he^e） and with other published result, a good agreement was noticed. The resulted correlations can be used to simplify the design and performance studies of both condensers and evaporators.展开更多
This paper concerns two-person zero-sum games for a class of average-payoff continuous-time Markov processes in Polish spaces.The underlying processes are determined by transition rates that are allowed to be unbounde...This paper concerns two-person zero-sum games for a class of average-payoff continuous-time Markov processes in Polish spaces.The underlying processes are determined by transition rates that are allowed to be unbounded,and the payoff function may have neither upper nor lower bounds.We use two optimality inequalities to replace the so-called optimality equation in the previous literature.Under more general conditions,these optimality inequalities yield the existence of the value of the game and of a pair of optimal stationary strategies.Under some additional conditions we further establish the optimality equation itself.Finally,we use several examples to illustrate our results,and also to show the difference between the conditions in this paper and those in the literature.In particular,one of these examples shows that our approach is more general than all of the existing ones because it allows nonergodic Markov processes.展开更多
文摘In this work, the easy to use, simple and direct equations were formulated and tested. These equations can be used to calculate the mean values of the heat transfer coefficients of inside tube flow during phase change. Analytical and experimental methods were used to correlate these equations. Two different forms were used, one for evaporation case and the other for condensation case. Carbon dioxide, CO2, was used as case study. Correlated values of the mean heat transfer coefficients （hcor,.） were compared with the experimental results （he^e） and with other published result, a good agreement was noticed. The resulted correlations can be used to simplify the design and performance studies of both condensers and evaporators.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation and GDUPS (2010)supported by CONACyT Grant 104001
文摘This paper concerns two-person zero-sum games for a class of average-payoff continuous-time Markov processes in Polish spaces.The underlying processes are determined by transition rates that are allowed to be unbounded,and the payoff function may have neither upper nor lower bounds.We use two optimality inequalities to replace the so-called optimality equation in the previous literature.Under more general conditions,these optimality inequalities yield the existence of the value of the game and of a pair of optimal stationary strategies.Under some additional conditions we further establish the optimality equation itself.Finally,we use several examples to illustrate our results,and also to show the difference between the conditions in this paper and those in the literature.In particular,one of these examples shows that our approach is more general than all of the existing ones because it allows nonergodic Markov processes.
