蛋白核小球藻原位催化制备生物柴油的研究

化石燃料是全球能源供应的主要来源,在过去的几十年里,由于人口和能源需求的增加,导致能源消耗和CO_(2)排放量迅速增加,加剧了全球气候变化。利用生长迅速、含油量高、对环境友好的蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)催化转化生物柴油具有很大发展潜力,可以实现“碳中和”及可持续发展。传统的两步酯交换法制备生物柴油在经济环境上是不可行的,脱水干燥和脂质提取过程消耗了大量能源和成本,采用“一步”原位酯交换方法替代传统的两步酯交换将微藻转化为低成本高附加值产品,可以实现高生物柴油产率及高C16、C18脂肪酸甲酯组分含量,产生高质量的生物柴油,具有生态和经济效益。

生物柴油制备新进展

介绍了国内外酯交换制备生物柴油的最新进展。目前酯交换法制备生物柴油主要有4种方法:均相酸碱催化法、酶催化法、超临界法和非均相催化剂催化法,综合比较了4种酯交换生产方法的优缺点,同时介绍了生物柴油制备的最新进展,指出了生物柴油的发展趋势。

Synthesis of a Novel Solid Acid with both Sulfonic and Carbonyl Acid Groups and Its Catalytic Activities in Acetalization

The novel solid acid with both sulfonic and carbonyl acid groups has been synthesized from 3-((2-sulfoethoxy) carbonyl)acrylic acid and tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS). The catalytic activities were investigated through the acetalization. The results showed that the novel solid acid was very efficient for the reactions with the high yields. The high acidity, high stability and reusability were the key feature of the novel solid acid. Moreover, the sulfonic and carbonyl acid groups could cooperate during the catalytic process, which improved its catalytic activities. The catalyst shows recyclability, and hold great potential for replacement of homogeneous catalysts.

Structural sensitivity of heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable chemical synthesis of gluconic acid from glucose

Gluconic acid and its derivatives have been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Conventional processes that involve the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid via fermentation present several technological shortcomings as they involve energy-intensive wastewater treatment and complex enzyme separation. Greener oxidation processes over heterogeneous metal catalysts have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Au-, Pt-and Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts have been extensively used for the chemical oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. Bimetallic catalysts synthesized by adding either noble or inexpensive metals have also presented excellent performance for the oxidations of glucose. In particular, particle size, which has been recognized as the most important factor that affect catalytic performances, could be rationally tuned by changing the types of support and ligand as well as the synthesis conditions. In this perspective review, we summarize and critically discuss the recent advances in the structural design of mono-and bimetallic catalysts for the oxidation of glucose in aqueous media. Furthermore, the challenges of developing catalysts for the green synthesis of gluconic acid have been highlighted. This review provides alternative insights for designing effective catalytic materials for the catalytic oxidation of bio-derived oxygenates over heterogeneous catalysts.

Efficient C-N Formation for Preparing α-Branched Primary Amines by Recycled Intramolecular Reactions of 1,8-Naphthosultone Using Ammonia as Nitrogen Source

Amination of tertiary and secondary alcohols using aqueous ammonia as nitrogen source was carried out by a process with recyclable intramolecular reaction of 1,8-naphthosultone, which lead to α-branched primary amines. Sulfonic resin serves as the heterogeneous catalyst for C N bond formation and protects the neighboring hydroxyl group until the required hydrolysis starts in the alkaline solution. The process can be conducted under mild conditions, no additional solvent is needed and no overreaction to secondary or tertiary amines occurs.