神经干细胞球在生物反应器内培养的模拟计算

采用元胞自动机技术建立的模拟神经球生长的动态模型,结合反应器中培养的神经球内部养分的扩散传递模型,求解了神经干细胞球内出现坏死细胞核的临界神经球尺寸和坏死细胞核的扩大规律,以及反应器内养分浓度的变化情况。计算结果表明,坏死细胞核的出现与体外培养条件有一定关系:神经球培养密度、培养基养分浓度和培养基与神经球之间的传质情况等都有一定程度的影响;但是坏死细胞核的出现主要取决于神经球的尺寸,过大的神经球内必定会出现坏死细胞核,即使在生物反应器中良好的外部培养条件下也不可能抑制它的出现。此外,神经球内由于氧缺乏而形成的坏死细胞核的出现要早于由于葡萄糖缺乏时的情况,并且坏死细胞核一旦出现,其增长速度就非常快,有可能很快使整个神经球成为坏死细胞球。本文所建立的元胞自动机(C e llu larau tom ata,CA)模型及各种生物反应器培养条件下神经球内的传质模型可以很好的模拟神经球的生长过程。

Seven amino acid peptide mimic from HVR1 of HCV influences cytokine profile of immune cells

Objective:To investigate the actions of cytokine profile in the immune cells by a seven amino acid peptide mimic from HVR1 of HCV (GQTYTSG,named 7P).Methods:The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 17 healthy blood donors were stimulated with 7P,and the cytokine levels in CD4+CD8-,CD4-CD8+ T cells,NK,NKT cells were analyzed by the intracellular cytokine staining.Results:The frequency of cells which secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was found to be significantly increased in all cells,interleukin-10(IL-10) was significantly increased in CD4+CD8-,CD4-CD8+ T cells but decreased in NK,NKT cells,and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was decreased in CD4+CD8-,CD4-CD8+ but increased in NK cells.Conclusion:7P could induce a cytokine profile in different immune cells in vitro and there was some difference between the CD4+CD8-,CD4-CD8+ T cells which represented the adaptive immunity cells and NK,NKT cells which represented the innate immunity cells.This kind of variation of cytokine profile might contribute to anti-virus and anti-inflammatory immune reaction.

Curative effect of Xuebijing injection on severe pulmonary contusion

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the curative effects of Xuebijing （XBJ） injection, a Chinese patent medi- cine, on severe pulmonary contusion （PC）. METHODS： Sixty-three patients with PC were ran- domized to conventional therapy plus XBJ injec- tion （n=33） or conventional therapy alone （n=30）. Between groups differences in corticosteroid treat- ment, immune regulation therapy, hemofiltration, infusion volume, transfusion volume and antibiotic period were measured, as were intensive care unit（ICU）-free time, ventilation time, 28-day mortality rate and incidence of ventilation-associated pneu- monia （VAP）. Serum concentrations of procalcito- nin （PCT）, tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleu- kin （IL）-6, and 11_-10, white blood cell （WBC） counts and percentages of human leukocyte antigen DR/ CD14＋ （HLA-DR/CD14＋） peripheral blood mononu- clear cells were compared. Markers of ventilation were determined by blood gas analysis and ventila- tor parameters. RESULTS： WBC counts and serum concentrations of PCT, TNF-a, 11.-6 and IL-10 were reduced signifi- cantly more quickly, and CD14＋ percentage was in- creased significantly earlier, in the XBJ group than in the control group （P〈0.05 each）. The level of ven- tilation and oxygenation index were ameliorated earlier in the XBJ than in the control group （P〈 0.05）. XBJ treatment significantly reduced ICU-free time, ventilation time and incidence of VAP （P〈0.05 each）, but had no effect on 28-day mortality rate （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： XBJ treatment can shorten ICU-free and ventilation times and reduce the incidence of VAP, improving outcomes in patients with severe PC. XBJ may act by regulating inflammation and im- munity, alleviating systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by trauma.

Effects of electroacupuncture pretreatment on M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages in rats with acute lung injury

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)pretreatment on M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages(AMs)in rats with acute lung injury(ALI)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and to explore the potential protective mechanism of EA.Methods:Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,and three groups of EA pretreatment[including a Chize(LU5)group,a Zusanli(ST36)group and a Chize(LU5)plus Zusanli(ST36)group],with eight rats in each group.The model rats of ALI were established by instilling LPS[2 mg/(kg·bw)]into the trachea of rats for 3 h.The rats in each EA pretreatment group were pretreated with EA for 30 min per day at the corresponding bilateral acupoints 6 d before instilling LPS.Three hours after modeling,the pulmonary function of the rats was tested,and the lung tissue was taken to calculate the ratio of lung wet weight to dry weight(W/D).The pathological lung changes and the injury score were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The contents of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in rat's bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The mRNA and protein expression levels of M1 macrophage markers clusters of differentiation 86(CD86),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),and its signaling pathway factor Toll-like receptor(TLR)4,and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)p65 in the alveoli were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively.Results:After being induced by LPS,the pulmonary function of the model rats showed that the forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s(FEV0.1),forced expiratory volume in 0.3 s(FEV0.3),and their respective ratios of FEV to forced vital capacity(FVC)(including FEV0.1/FVC and FEV0.3/FVC)were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the W/D of lung tissue was increased(P<0.01).The score of lung injury was significantly higher(P<0.01).The contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,and MPO in the BALF and the mRNA and protein expression levels of CD86,iNOS,TLR4,and NF-κB p65 in the lung tissue were significantly increased(P<0.01).After EA pretreatment,the FEV0.1,FEV0.3,FEV0.1/FVC,and FEV0.3/FVC were significantly increased,the lung injury score decreased significantly,and the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,and MPO in the BALF and the expression levels of CD86,iNOS,TLR4,and NF-κB p65 mRNAs and proteins in the alveoli decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the other two single acupoint groups,the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,and MPO in the BALF and the expression levels of CD86,iNOS,TLR4,and NF-κB p65 mRNAs in the alveoli in the Chize(LU5)plus Zusanli(ST36)group were significantly lower(P<0.01).Conclusion:EA pretreatment at Chize(LU5)and Zusanli(ST36)can inhibit inflammation and reduce pulmonary injury in ALI rats induced by LPS.The effect of the combination of Chize(LU5)and Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of using these two acupoints separately,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of AMs'M1 polarization by down-regulation TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.