团块建模与粒子滤波相结合的行人目标视觉跟踪

针对粒子滤波算法在遮挡情况下导致视觉跟踪不稳定甚至丢失目标的问题,提出了一种基于团块建模与粒子滤波相结合的目标跟踪算法。首先通过图像分割的方法得到视频帧中的初始目标,并构建目标团块模型;然后基于多团块目标信息并结合粒子滤波算法进行分块跟踪;最后利用高斯加权的方式,得到最终的目标预测位置。实验结果表明,该算法具有较强的鲁棒性,尤其是在遮挡的情况下能够实现目标的稳定跟踪。

基于重构误差和多块建模策略的kNN故障监测

针对基于k近邻(k-nearest neighbor,kNN)的故障监测算法中,引发故障的异常信息易被正常信息淹没,导致故障检测不及时和报警率低的问题,利用自编码器和多块建模策略提出一种基于重构误差的k NN故障监测方法。该方法利用正常工况数据集训练自编码器模型,基于该模型进行重构误差提取以解决异常信息易被淹没的问题。进一步考虑微小偏移和振荡等故障特征,采用多块建模策略,对各子块分别计算统计量并融合检测。通过一个数值例子与田纳西-伊斯曼(Tennessee-Eastman,TE)过程进行仿真与分析,结果验证了所提方法的有效性与监测性能的提升。

平纹编织碳纤维复合材料的块均质化建模及其涡流无损检测

针对平纹编织结构碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)几何结构复杂、电导率分布各向异性等特点,提出了一种块均质化的建模方法,为平纹编织CFRP在涡流无损检测中的有限元分析提供了理论基础。在此基础上对双圆旋转(DCR)线圈传感器所产生的涡流分布情况进行仿真研究,并计算出阻抗变化的极坐标图。通过更改经纱块或纬纱块的电导率,模拟了平纹编织CFRP的疲劳现象,并通过实验验证了模型的准确性。结果表明:线圈阻抗的最大变化出现在经纱和纬纱的电导率矢量叠加的最大值处,仿真与实验的结果误差小于0.6%,说明所提出的模型可以有效模拟平纹编织CFRP的电磁特性;可以通过在块均质化模型中改变电导率来模拟平纹编织CFRP的疲劳现象。

马坑铁矿矿床块段建模与储量动态分析研究

针对传统储量计算方法存在估值速度慢、效率低、人为因素大等缺点,基于Surpac三维矿床数字模型,对马坑铁矿矿区53～85线间Fe矿石资源进行了储量计算与统计分析,得到了全矿区Fe矿石储量及其空间分布规律,研究结果表明,所建矿床块体模型有效可靠,储量计算结果与原始储量吻合,实现了储量计算从传统手工化到计算机化的转变,使得估算过程客观、快速、高效,为矿山生产科学管理和储量动态分析提供了有力保障。

基于滑动窗和多块卷积自编码器的故障检测

为了进一步提升故障检测性能,充分挖掘时序和隐含特征信息,提出一种基于卷积自编码器的故障检测方法。在对原始信息集进行建模的基础上增加了对累计信息与变化率信息的建模,以增强对隐含信息的挖掘;对重构的3个信息集进行滑动窗采样,基于卷积自编码器进行时序特征提取和建模;将卷积自编码器的决策结果进行贝叶斯融合得到统计量,并用核密度估计的方法确定控制限从而进行故障检测。将该方法进行数值仿真并应用于TE过程,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性和检测性能。

基于改进混合高斯模型的井下目标检测算法

煤矿井下监控视频图像质量差、噪点多、光照易突变,采用传统混合高斯模型进行目标检测存在运行速度慢、算法复杂度高、易受光照影响等问题。针对该问题,提出了一种基于改进混合高斯模型的井下目标检测算法。使用改进的暗通道去雾算法对井下图像进行预处理,对井下雾图的缩略图求暗通道图,并采用双线性插值得到去雾图像;在混合高斯模型的基础上,使用改进的块建模策略降低建模复杂度,提高算法运行速度;结合三帧差分法,根据图像前景所占比例对高斯建模前期和建模后期设定不同的学习率,以抑制光照对目标检测的影响,提高建模速度和准确度。实验结果表明,当光照发生突变时,该算法能较好地描述检测对象,对光照变化有明显抑制作用;与三帧差分法、传统混合高斯模型相比,该算法可有效提高处理速度。

基于自编码器和PCA的滚筒烘丝机多块过程监测方法

鉴于滚筒烘丝干燥过程的多变量、强耦合、非线性的复杂特征,而传统主成分分析(PCA)过程监测方法不具有非线性表达能力及全局建模无法精确检测故障的问题,提出自动编码器特征提取和多块主成分分析联合驱动的多块建模方法。首先,依据叶丝干燥工作原理对变量进行分块,以突出过程局部特征;其次,使用自编码器提取每个子块的非线性特征;再次,分别建立相应的PCA监测模型;最后,通过贝叶斯推理对多个子空间的监测结果进行融合决策。以两个实际叶丝干燥案例进行验证,结果表明:该方法的报警率分别高达91.67%和98.21%,相比传统PCA和AE-PCA检测方法,该方法能准确揭示并表征干燥过程的整体运行状态及局部特征信息,提高对滚筒叶丝干燥生产过程的异常检测精度,实现对质量异常情况的准确报警,有利于保证滚筒叶丝干燥过程的稳定生产。

基于故障敏感主元的多块PCA故障监测方法

为了解决传统主元分析(PCA)故障监测方法中主元选择不合理问题,提出一种基于故障敏感主元的多块PCA故障监测方法。该方法基于正常工况数据集进行PCA分解,得到投影方向与特征值;定义一种故障敏感程度系数作为新的主元排序准则,以选择出每个变量方向上故障监测最敏感的主元;并建立相应的子模型,计算其监测统计量,利用贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)对监测结果进行融合。通过对田纳西伊斯曼(TE)过程和高炉炼铁过程中的应用仿真,结果表明所提方法有效地选取了主元,并且提升了故障监测模型的精度。

基于互信息的多块k近邻故障监测及诊断

由于传统的k近邻故障监测不考虑过程的局部信息,只建立一个全局模型,因此提出一种基于互信息的多块k近邻故障监测方法。首先,考虑建模数据的非线性和非高斯等特性,基于变量间的互信息进行子块构建;然后,利用k近邻方法对每个子块进行建模与监测,子块中的k近邻模型反映了更多的过程局部特征;最后,将所有子块的监测结果通过贝叶斯推断方法进行融合,并采用基于马氏距离的故障诊断方法辨识故障源。通过对田纳西−伊斯曼过程和高炉炼铁过程中的应用仿真,监测结果表明所提方法的可行性和有效性。

基于多块信息提取的PCA故障诊断方法

传统的监控方法往往只利用传感器观测值信息进行过程的故障监测,而忽略了原始数据中包含的其他有效信息。为此,提出一种基于多块信息提取的PCA故障监测算法。首先,对过程变量的累计误差和变化率信息进行定义,从而能够从数据中提取新的特征信息,并基于每种特征将过程划分为3个子块;然后,利用PCA方法对每个子块进行建模与监测,通过贝叶斯方法对监测结果进行融合;最后,提出一种基于加权贡献图的故障诊断方法,分离出引发故障的源变量。通过数值例子与田纳西-伊斯曼(TE)过程监控中的应用证明了所提方法的有效性与可行性。

一种分层信息提取的多块主元分析故障监测方法

针对传统多块故障监测方法建模时,一般仅考虑到过程局部信息的问题,提出一种分层信息提取的多块主元分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)故障监测方法。第一层考虑过程变量之间的互信息,对过程变量进行分块,提取过程局部信息;第二层对每个变量块进一步提取累计误差和二阶差分等特征信息,结合观测值信息共同将每个变量块扩展为3个信息子块;对每个信息子块采用PCA方法进行监测,并基于贝叶斯方法融合所有信息子块的监测结果。所提方法的有效性和性能在田纳西-伊斯曼(Tennessee-Eastman,TE)过程监控中进行了验证和分析。

三维栅格数据结构的研究与应用

三维数据结构是三维G IS研究的重点。三维栅格数据结构在数字影象、数字高程模型等领域得到了广泛应用。从栅格的编码、栅格的空间分析等方面对三维栅格数据结构进行研究,并以一个具体的矿床为例,对应用三维栅格数据结构进行矿体块段建模、特定范围内储量计算等空间分析时涉及的技术和方法进行了论述。提出了今后在研究和应用三维数据结构时的建议和展望。

Improved CFD modeling of full dissolution of alumina particles in aluminum electrolysis cells considering agglomerate formation

The full alumina dissolution process in aluminum electrolysis cells was investigated using an improved computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model based on the previous researches by consideration of agglomerate formation.The results show that the total mass of alumina agglomerate and its maximum size are mainly dependent on the feeding amount and increase with increasing it.Higher superheat can effectively inhibit the agglomerate formation and thus promote the full alumina dissolution behavior.The full alumina dissolution process mainly includes a fast stage and a slow stage,with an average dissolution rate of 17.24 kg/min and 1.53 kg/min,respectively.About 50%(mass percentage)of the total alumina particles,almost all of which are the well-dispersed alumina fine grains,dissolve within the fast dissolution stage of about 10 s.The maximum values of the average dissolution rate and final percentage of the cumulative dissolved alumina mass are obtained with a feeding amount of 1.8 kg for a superheat of 12℃.The formation of the alumina agglomerates and slow dissolution characteristics play a dominant role in the full dissolution of alumina particles.

Toward modular construction of cell‐free multienzyme systems

The implementation of multiple enzymes for chemical production in a cell‐free scenario is an emerging field in biomanufacturing.It enables the redesign and reconstitution of new enzymatic routes for producing chemicals that may be hard to obtain from natural pathways.Although the construction of a cell‐free multienzyme system is highly flexible and adaptable,it is challenging to make all enzymatic reactions act in concert.Recently,modular construction has been conceptual‐ized as an effective way to harmonize diverse enzymatic reactions.In this review,we introduce the concept of a multienzyme module and exemplify representative modules found in Nature.We then categorize recent developments of synthetic multienzyme modules into main‐reaction modules and auxiliary modules according to their roles in reaction routes.We highlight four main‐reaction mod‐ules that can perform carbon metabolism,carbon assimilation,protein glycosylation and nonribo‐somal peptide synthesis,and exemplify auxiliary modules used for energy supply,protection and reinforcement for main reactions.The reactor‐level modularization of multienzyme catalysis is also discussed.

Modeling Patch Characteristics of Farmland Loss for Site Assessment in Urban Fringe of Beijing, China

Farmland protection and delimitation in the urban fringe considers not only natural factors but also the spatial characters and site factors. Taking Daxing District, Beijing in China as a case study, this paper used landscape ecology and power-law methods to ana- lyze and evaluate farmland loss during the period of 2004~2007 based on the interpretation results of SPOT5 remote sensing images in 2004 and 2007. At the patch level, we selected four landscape indices, namely patch size, shape index, the nearest neighbor distance between farmland and construction land （including residential land and other construction land）, and cropping type, to evaluate the risk of farmland loss and establish a farmland site analysis indicator system. The results showed that patch size and shape index have a sig- nificant positive correlation with farmland loss, whereas the distance to construction land has a clear negative correlation with farmland loss. As regards cropping type, fallow farmland is much easier for non-agriculUlral use than cultivated farmland. The relative transition ratio among vegetable land, fallow farmland and cultivated farmland is 1 ： 5.6 ： 1. The patch size of lost farmland follows a power-law distribution, indicating that not only small parcels but also large parcels can be lost. Patch size less than 4 ha or more than 15 ha is in high loss risk, between 4 ha and 10 ha in medium loss risk, and larger than 10 ha and less than 15 ha in low risk. Farmland with a more regular shape has a higher likelihood of loss. Patch shape index less than 2.0 is in high loss risk, between 2.0 and 3.0 in medium loss risk, and larger than 3.0 in low risk. Construction land has a varying impact on farmland loss, the residential land effeeted distance is 1000 m, and that of the other construction land is 2000 m. This analysis showed the relationships between site factors and farmland loss, and the analysis framework can provide support and reference for farmland protection and delimitation of prime farmland in China.

Research on parametric modeling and computing of multi-tower suspension bridge based on ANSYS

Based on FEM (finite element method) program ANSYS and the OpenGL graphics, this paper develops the parametric modeling module and the computing module of the multi-tower suspension bridge, the modules being embedded into the ANSYS system, and the parametric modeling module parameters can be entered by way of interface, which can fast establish a multi-tower suspension bridge model. Calculation module can establish load conditions for the features of road bridge and specifications, in which multiple conditions can be defined and solved automatically. Post-processing part of the solution also serves the results of the subtotals and selects the output, so that the results of the output and finishing work have become more convenient and easier, and also the results can be saved in word, excel and other different file types.

基于多块信息提取的AUV资源勘查系统故障检测

针对"潜龙二号"AUV在实际航行过程中,资源勘查系统传感器数据具有多重变量相关性、故障类型多样、受运行状态和环境变化影响数值变化大以及噪声强等问题,提出一种新的基于多块信息提取的主元分析(PCA)故障检测方法.首先,针对变量之间的多重相关性,通过滑窗和相关系数的方法提取变量间相关性信息;然后,根据变化率在不同运行状态和环境下基本稳定的特点,对于不同类型故障,分别提取变化率信息和变化率信息的各阶统计量累积误差信息;最后,基于提取的特征信息建立3个子块,对每个子块分别建立PCA模型并进行检测,将检测的结果通过中值滤波去噪后,用贝叶斯推断进行融合.通过对"潜龙二号"实际运行数据进行检测,验证所提方法的有效性.

Solar Collectors of Buildings Facade Based on Aluminum Heat Pipes with Colored Coating

A variety of liquid thermal solar collectors designs used for water heating have been developed by the previous researchers. But the majority of them do not meet the requirements on small weight, easy assembling and installing, versatility, scalability and adaptability of the design, which are particularly important when they are facade integrated. In order to avoid the above mentioned drawbacks of the liquid thermal collectors, the authors propose to apply to them extruded aluminum alloy made heat pipes of originally designed cross-sectional profile with wide fins and longitudinal grooves. Such solar collectors could be a good solution for building facade and roof integration, because they are assembled of several standard and independent, hermetically sealed and light-weight modules, easy mounted and ＂dry＂ connected to the main pipeline. At that, their thermal performances are not worse than of the other known ones made of heavier and more expensive copper with higher thermal conductance, or having entire rigid designs. Some variants of the developed solar collectors shaping of the assembled modules for building facade or roof integration are proposed. Variously colored coatings to the absorbers are developed and made of carbon-siliceous nano-composites by means of sol-gel method. Their optical performances were compared with ＂anodized black＂. It is stated that colored coatings have a good prospect in thermal SCs （solar collectors） adaptation to building facades decoration, but the works on study and upgrade of their performances should be continued.

基于多块信息提取和马氏距离的k近邻故障监测

针对传统k近邻故障监测算法中仅考虑近邻样本观测信息的问题,提出了一种基于多块信息提取和马氏距离的故障监测方法.通过挖掘原始数据中隐含的累计信息和变化率信息,提升了传统k近邻故障监测算法对微小偏移和脉冲振荡等故障的监测性能.同时结合观测数据构建三类信息子块,基于马氏距离与贝叶斯融合策略,构造出新的统计量进行监测.将所提方法进行数值仿真并应用于田纳西—伊斯曼(TE)过程和高炉炼铁过程故障监测,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性及监测性能.

Harmonic Impedance Modeling and Oscillation Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converter

To facilitate rapid analysis of the oscillation stability mechanism in modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC)systems and streamline the simulation process for determining MMC impedance characteristics,a simplified mathematical simulation model for MMC closed-loop impedance is developed using the harmonic state space method.This model considers various control strategies and includes both AC-side and DC-side impedance models.By applying a Nyquist criterion-based impedance analysis method,the stability mechanisms on the AC and DC sides of the MMC are examined.In addition,a data-driven oscillation stability analysis method is also proposed,leveraging a global sensitivity algorithm based on fast model results to identify key parameters influencing MMC oscillation stability.Based on sensitivity analysis results,a parameter adjustment strategy for oscillation suppression is proposed.The simulation results from the MATLAB/Simulinkbased MMC model validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.