深部岩体具有块系等级构造特性,俄罗斯深部矿山原位量测得到的摆型波(μ波)产生于动力冲击作用下(如深部地震、岩爆和封闭核爆等)块系岩体的运动,是一种不同于传统纵波和横波的新型非线性弹性波。为了证明μ波的存在,并对块系块体介质...深部岩体具有块系等级构造特性,俄罗斯深部矿山原位量测得到的摆型波(μ波)产生于动力冲击作用下(如深部地震、岩爆和封闭核爆等)块系岩体的运动,是一种不同于传统纵波和横波的新型非线性弹性波。为了证明μ波的存在,并对块系块体介质中应力波传播特性及块体材料、尺寸和结构形式的影响进行研究,利用自主研发的深部岩体动态特性试验系统,分别对6种具有不同特征尺寸的花岗岩和水泥砂浆块系块体模型和连续块体模型进行一维低速冲击试验。试验表明:对于两种结构形式的介质,一维冲击作用下,块体(测点)三向加速度幅值均随冲击能量提高近似线性增加。对于块系块体介质,块体三向加速度幅值随块体个数增加呈一阶指数衰减,并且衰减系数与冲击能量无关;冲击能量仅仅改变加速度波谱密度幅值,而对三向振动极值频率没有影响,并且块体越多,能量越大,块体振动波谱趋于低频波的趋势越强;通过对比试验结果和原位量测结论(关于μ波无量纲冲击能量判据,波速和振幅,波谱峰值频率等),证明了块系介质中出现的低频低速波就是μ波;通过对5种块系块体模型三向加速度频谱进行分析,证明其振动极值频率满足定量的规范序列关系(2^(1/2))i f 0,推广了原位测量试验结论。并且上述规律中,块体材料和尺寸效应不明显,而对于连续块体介质上述规律均不成立。最后,分别采用黏弹性夹层和刚性块体、集中质点以及弹性块体三种理论计算模型对冲击作用下块系块体运动参数进行分析,计算结果和试验曲线吻合较好,并讨论了夹层参数的敏感性。展开更多
Zonal disintegration is a typical static phenomenon of deep rock masses. It has been defined as alternating regions of fractured and relatively intact rock mass that appear around or in front of the working stope duri...Zonal disintegration is a typical static phenomenon of deep rock masses. It has been defined as alternating regions of fractured and relatively intact rock mass that appear around or in front of the working stope during excavation of a deep tunnel. Zonal disintegration phenomenon was successfully demonstrated in the laboratory with 3D tests on analogous gypsum models, two circular cracked zones were observed in the test. The linear Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion was used with a constitutive model that showed linear softening and ideal residual plastic to analyze the elasto-plastic field of the enclosing rock mass around a deep tunnel. The results show that tunneling causes a maximum stress zone to appear between an elastic and plastic zone in the surrounding rock. The zonal disintegration phenomenon is analyzed by considering the stress-strain state of the rock mass in the vicinity of the maximum stress zone. Creep instability failure of the rock due to the development of the plastic zone, and transfer of the maximum stress zone into the rock mass, are the cause of zonal disintegration. An analytical criterion for the critical depth at which zonal disintegration can occur is derived. This depth depends mainly on the character and stress concentration coefficient of the rock mass.展开更多
文摘深部岩体具有块系等级构造特性,俄罗斯深部矿山原位量测得到的摆型波(μ波)产生于动力冲击作用下(如深部地震、岩爆和封闭核爆等)块系岩体的运动,是一种不同于传统纵波和横波的新型非线性弹性波。为了证明μ波的存在,并对块系块体介质中应力波传播特性及块体材料、尺寸和结构形式的影响进行研究,利用自主研发的深部岩体动态特性试验系统,分别对6种具有不同特征尺寸的花岗岩和水泥砂浆块系块体模型和连续块体模型进行一维低速冲击试验。试验表明:对于两种结构形式的介质,一维冲击作用下,块体(测点)三向加速度幅值均随冲击能量提高近似线性增加。对于块系块体介质,块体三向加速度幅值随块体个数增加呈一阶指数衰减,并且衰减系数与冲击能量无关;冲击能量仅仅改变加速度波谱密度幅值,而对三向振动极值频率没有影响,并且块体越多,能量越大,块体振动波谱趋于低频波的趋势越强;通过对比试验结果和原位量测结论(关于μ波无量纲冲击能量判据,波速和振幅,波谱峰值频率等),证明了块系介质中出现的低频低速波就是μ波;通过对5种块系块体模型三向加速度频谱进行分析,证明其振动极值频率满足定量的规范序列关系(2^(1/2))i f 0,推广了原位测量试验结论。并且上述规律中,块体材料和尺寸效应不明显,而对于连续块体介质上述规律均不成立。最后,分别采用黏弹性夹层和刚性块体、集中质点以及弹性块体三种理论计算模型对冲击作用下块系块体运动参数进行分析,计算结果和试验曲线吻合较好,并讨论了夹层参数的敏感性。
基金Projects 50490275 and 50525825 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Zonal disintegration is a typical static phenomenon of deep rock masses. It has been defined as alternating regions of fractured and relatively intact rock mass that appear around or in front of the working stope during excavation of a deep tunnel. Zonal disintegration phenomenon was successfully demonstrated in the laboratory with 3D tests on analogous gypsum models, two circular cracked zones were observed in the test. The linear Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion was used with a constitutive model that showed linear softening and ideal residual plastic to analyze the elasto-plastic field of the enclosing rock mass around a deep tunnel. The results show that tunneling causes a maximum stress zone to appear between an elastic and plastic zone in the surrounding rock. The zonal disintegration phenomenon is analyzed by considering the stress-strain state of the rock mass in the vicinity of the maximum stress zone. Creep instability failure of the rock due to the development of the plastic zone, and transfer of the maximum stress zone into the rock mass, are the cause of zonal disintegration. An analytical criterion for the critical depth at which zonal disintegration can occur is derived. This depth depends mainly on the character and stress concentration coefficient of the rock mass.
