Objective:A computer-based STS(simulative training system) in providing pre-hospital trauma care at a disaster site was applied to teaching nursing students in the Second Military Medical University,China.This article...Objective:A computer-based STS(simulative training system) in providing pre-hospital trauma care at a disaster site was applied to teaching nursing students in the Second Military Medical University,China.This article reports on the teaching effectiveness of this system.Methods:Among 92 participants,46 were in the study group and 46 were in the 'control' group. Each student completed a multiple-choice quiz after completing 18 hours(six three-hour sessions) of the study module,and a score was recorded.The simulative training module was completed only by the study group;the 'control' group was assigned in-class discussions for the same amount of time covering the same content as the study group.The final course scores,which included both comprehensive and group task-based tests were compared between these two groups.The study used a descriptive and comparative approach for quantitative data analysis.Tests of independency between the multiple choice scores and the simulation scores were also performed.Finally,anonymous surveys were conducted.Results:The study group performed better than the 'control' group with a significantly higher average score for the group scenario task-based test score,and consequently the study group's final course score was significantly higher than the 'control' group.As per chi-square tests,no significant associations were found between the multiple choice scores and the simulated training scores.The final surveys showed students overwhelmingly agreed that STS training improved their knowledge and skills,their ability to recognize a potential critical event, and their initial response for trauma care at pre-hospital settings.The survey responses of the study group were noteworthy as they indicated that students recognized the importance of simulative training,appreciated the realism of the simulation,and were able to fight/adjust to the stressful feelings in order to focus on the task.Conclusion:Computer-based STS may be an effective teaching model to help students improve their capability in providing pre-hospital trauma care,and in their effectiveness in disaster response.展开更多
Konjac （Amorphophallus muelleri）, a genus of tuberous plants in the Araceae family, is one of high-value crops in Southwest China. This study aimed at identifying the main pathogens causing tuber rot during storage ...Konjac （Amorphophallus muelleri）, a genus of tuberous plants in the Araceae family, is one of high-value crops in Southwest China. This study aimed at identifying the main pathogens causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri and screening the effective fungicides, so as to prolong the storage period ofA. muelleri and decrease the losses. Isolation and identification, as well as pathogenicity test and retro-inoculation experiments were made for the pathogen causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The effective fungicides for the main pathogens were also screened in the laboratory. Six fungi were identified as the pathogens causing tuber rot of A. muelleri, which were Fusarium solani （Mart,） Sacc., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., Botrytis cinerea Pers., Alternaria alternata （Fr.） Keissl., Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb., Penicillium ulaiense Hsieh, Su ＆ Tzean. The main pathogens causing postharvest diseases ofA. muelleri were F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea. The isolation frequencies of them were 33.9%, 10.5% and 19.4%, respectively. After artificial inoculation, the incidence of tubers infected by F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea was 100%, 83% and 95%, respectively. The results of chemical screening showed that, in potato dextrose agar （PDA） media plate, the compounds Fludioxonil （50% WP） and Boscalid （50% WG） were the most effective in controlling the three main pathogens, and the average effect reached more than 97%. The test of fungicidal antisepsis on tubers consisted ofA. muelleri being dipped in the 9,000x diluted solution of Fludioxonil （50% WP） or in the 3,500x diluted solution of Boscalid （50% WG） for 3 min and stored at room temperature （25 ℃） for 7 d and 15 d, respectively. The fungicidal effects of Fludioxonil against F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea for 7 d and 15 d were 88.6%/83.2%, 90.1%/84.7% and 93.0%/91.5%, respectively, whereas the fungicidal effects of Boscalid were 87.0%/85.3%, 89.0%/85.6% and 89.2%/89.1%, respectively. The results may provide useful information for the control ofpostharvest diseases ofA. muelleri.展开更多
A new type hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) scheme based on orthogonal space-time block code(OSTBC) is proposed and evaluated in multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems.The transmit antennas are selected bas...A new type hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) scheme based on orthogonal space-time block code(OSTBC) is proposed and evaluated in multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems.The transmit antennas are selected based on the feedback from the receiver.The modulated symbols are encoded by spacetime block code(STBC) and obtained by space time code blocks which are suitable for the number of selected antennas.The total packet error rate(PER) is given by defining the decoding function and the best value of the maximum number of HARQ retransmissions is discussed.Theory and simulation results illustrate that:this new HARQ scheme with antenna selection method has lower PER and the result is also satisfying.展开更多
A set of integrated Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) modulation and demodulation system is proposed and its performance is verified in reference to the standard of IEEE802.16a for WMAN.The design,combi...A set of integrated Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) modulation and demodulation system is proposed and its performance is verified in reference to the standard of IEEE802.16a for WMAN.The design,combined with analogy front-end,adopts Texas Instrument(TI) Company's 6701 evaluation module(EVM) to construct digital Intermediate Frequency(IF) platform.A DSP-based baseband processing software module is embedded into the system.The proposed scheme makes it possible for users to select various software modules to set up connections with different throughput performance.Taking into account the given hardware configuration,the design aims to optimize the algorithm modules to accomplish better system performance.展开更多
A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide...A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide-size-range magnetite powder （0.3-0.06 ram） and 〈1 mm fine coal were numerically studied. The simulation results show that the fluidization performance of the wide-size-range medium-solid bed is good. The separation performance of the modularized system was then investigated in detail using a mixture of 〈0.3 mm magnetite powder （mass fraction of 0.3-0.06 mm particles is 91.38 %） and 〈1 mm fine coal as solid media. The experimental results show that at separation densities of 1.33 g/cm^3 or 1.61 g/cm^3, 50-6 mm coal can be separated effectively with probable error, E, values of 0.05 g/cm^3 and 0.06 g/cm^3, respectively. This technique is beneficial for saving water resources and for the clean utilization of coal.展开更多
A transmit antenna selection(TAS)multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)system based on channel-orthogonalized space-frequency block coding(CO-SFBC)schemes was proposed for bette...A transmit antenna selection(TAS)multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)system based on channel-orthogonalized space-frequency block coding(CO-SFBC)schemes was proposed for better performance.Firstly,the principles and criterions for designing CO-STBC/SFBC schemes with angle feedback were proposed,and then the effect of quantization for the feedback angle information within such schemes was discussed.Meanwhile,the TAS scheme was applied to the system to further improve the overall performance.Simulation results show that the combination of the proposed CO-STBC and TAS schemes can significantly improve the system performance,which is much larger than only applying them to systems individually.展开更多
文摘Objective:A computer-based STS(simulative training system) in providing pre-hospital trauma care at a disaster site was applied to teaching nursing students in the Second Military Medical University,China.This article reports on the teaching effectiveness of this system.Methods:Among 92 participants,46 were in the study group and 46 were in the 'control' group. Each student completed a multiple-choice quiz after completing 18 hours(six three-hour sessions) of the study module,and a score was recorded.The simulative training module was completed only by the study group;the 'control' group was assigned in-class discussions for the same amount of time covering the same content as the study group.The final course scores,which included both comprehensive and group task-based tests were compared between these two groups.The study used a descriptive and comparative approach for quantitative data analysis.Tests of independency between the multiple choice scores and the simulation scores were also performed.Finally,anonymous surveys were conducted.Results:The study group performed better than the 'control' group with a significantly higher average score for the group scenario task-based test score,and consequently the study group's final course score was significantly higher than the 'control' group.As per chi-square tests,no significant associations were found between the multiple choice scores and the simulated training scores.The final surveys showed students overwhelmingly agreed that STS training improved their knowledge and skills,their ability to recognize a potential critical event, and their initial response for trauma care at pre-hospital settings.The survey responses of the study group were noteworthy as they indicated that students recognized the importance of simulative training,appreciated the realism of the simulation,and were able to fight/adjust to the stressful feelings in order to focus on the task.Conclusion:Computer-based STS may be an effective teaching model to help students improve their capability in providing pre-hospital trauma care,and in their effectiveness in disaster response.
基金This research was supported by the Science Foundation No. 2011FZ 178, 2011FZ 180, 2014HD004, 14C26215303260 and National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） No. 31260073, 31340019, 31160412, 41361056.
文摘Konjac （Amorphophallus muelleri）, a genus of tuberous plants in the Araceae family, is one of high-value crops in Southwest China. This study aimed at identifying the main pathogens causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri and screening the effective fungicides, so as to prolong the storage period ofA. muelleri and decrease the losses. Isolation and identification, as well as pathogenicity test and retro-inoculation experiments were made for the pathogen causing tuber rot during storage ofA. muelleri in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The effective fungicides for the main pathogens were also screened in the laboratory. Six fungi were identified as the pathogens causing tuber rot of A. muelleri, which were Fusarium solani （Mart,） Sacc., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., Botrytis cinerea Pers., Alternaria alternata （Fr.） Keissl., Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb., Penicillium ulaiense Hsieh, Su ＆ Tzean. The main pathogens causing postharvest diseases ofA. muelleri were F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea. The isolation frequencies of them were 33.9%, 10.5% and 19.4%, respectively. After artificial inoculation, the incidence of tubers infected by F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea was 100%, 83% and 95%, respectively. The results of chemical screening showed that, in potato dextrose agar （PDA） media plate, the compounds Fludioxonil （50% WP） and Boscalid （50% WG） were the most effective in controlling the three main pathogens, and the average effect reached more than 97%. The test of fungicidal antisepsis on tubers consisted ofA. muelleri being dipped in the 9,000x diluted solution of Fludioxonil （50% WP） or in the 3,500x diluted solution of Boscalid （50% WG） for 3 min and stored at room temperature （25 ℃） for 7 d and 15 d, respectively. The fungicidal effects of Fludioxonil against F. solani, F. oxysporum and B. cinerea for 7 d and 15 d were 88.6%/83.2%, 90.1%/84.7% and 93.0%/91.5%, respectively, whereas the fungicidal effects of Boscalid were 87.0%/85.3%, 89.0%/85.6% and 89.2%/89.1%, respectively. The results may provide useful information for the control ofpostharvest diseases ofA. muelleri.
文摘A new type hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) scheme based on orthogonal space-time block code(OSTBC) is proposed and evaluated in multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems.The transmit antennas are selected based on the feedback from the receiver.The modulated symbols are encoded by spacetime block code(STBC) and obtained by space time code blocks which are suitable for the number of selected antennas.The total packet error rate(PER) is given by defining the decoding function and the best value of the maximum number of HARQ retransmissions is discussed.Theory and simulation results illustrate that:this new HARQ scheme with antenna selection method has lower PER and the result is also satisfying.
文摘A set of integrated Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) modulation and demodulation system is proposed and its performance is verified in reference to the standard of IEEE802.16a for WMAN.The design,combined with analogy front-end,adopts Texas Instrument(TI) Company's 6701 evaluation module(EVM) to construct digital Intermediate Frequency(IF) platform.A DSP-based baseband processing software module is embedded into the system.The proposed scheme makes it possible for users to select various software modules to set up connections with different throughput performance.Taking into account the given hardware configuration,the design aims to optimize the algorithm modules to accomplish better system performance.
基金Projects(50921002, 50774084) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007AA05Z318) supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China+1 种基金Project(BK2010002) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of ChinaProject(20100480473) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide-size-range magnetite powder （0.3-0.06 ram） and 〈1 mm fine coal were numerically studied. The simulation results show that the fluidization performance of the wide-size-range medium-solid bed is good. The separation performance of the modularized system was then investigated in detail using a mixture of 〈0.3 mm magnetite powder （mass fraction of 0.3-0.06 mm particles is 91.38 %） and 〈1 mm fine coal as solid media. The experimental results show that at separation densities of 1.33 g/cm^3 or 1.61 g/cm^3, 50-6 mm coal can be separated effectively with probable error, E, values of 0.05 g/cm^3 and 0.06 g/cm^3, respectively. This technique is beneficial for saving water resources and for the clean utilization of coal.
文摘A transmit antenna selection(TAS)multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)system based on channel-orthogonalized space-frequency block coding(CO-SFBC)schemes was proposed for better performance.Firstly,the principles and criterions for designing CO-STBC/SFBC schemes with angle feedback were proposed,and then the effect of quantization for the feedback angle information within such schemes was discussed.Meanwhile,the TAS scheme was applied to the system to further improve the overall performance.Simulation results show that the combination of the proposed CO-STBC and TAS schemes can significantly improve the system performance,which is much larger than only applying them to systems individually.
