坡面雨量的风力敏感性分析

运用伯努利方程和斯托克斯公式得出风压下雨滴下落偏离垂直方向的角度。比较了迎风坡与背风坡雨量和雨强的相对大小。结果表明:风力使正圆球形雨滴下落时运动状态改变的幅度随半径增大而增加。迎风坡雨量在雨滴下落方向垂直于坡面时最大,背风坡雨量随坡度和风力的增大而逐渐减小。在不考虑气流爬坡作用和“背风波”时,迎风坡雨量和雨强明显比背风坡大。坡度愈大,风力愈强,背风坡雨量和雨强偏小愈显著。迎风坡雨量偏小的情况,仅出现在风力较大,且坡度较缓(一般小于25°)的坡面。分析商南县长、短历时暴雨伴风情况,发现西坡发生山洪、泥石流的几率增多,而东南坡发生滑坡、塌方的危险性加大。

Soil detachment and transport under the combined action of rainfall and runoff energy on shallow overland flow

Rainfall and runoff energy results in soil erosion. This paper presents new the concepts of rainfall and runoff energy and analyzes the relationship of rainfall energy and runoff energy with sediment transport based on the conversion theory of kinetic and potential energy using artificial rainfall and mechanical calculation. The results show that the ratio of sediment detachment in sloping fallow overland flow increases with the slope gradient,rainfall energy and runoff energy, while the sediment detachment ratio under raindrop impact are significantly higher than those under no raindrop impact. The sediment concentration increases with the slope gradient and rainfall energy; when the slope gradient and rainfall energy are constant, the sediment concentration decreases as the runoff energy increases. Rainfall disturbance coefficients have a logarithmic correlation with the rate of rainfall energy and runoff energy. On the same slope gradient,when the rainfall energy is constant, the disturbance coefficient decreases as the runoff energy increases,while when the runoff energy is constant, the disturbance coefficient increases as the rainfall energyincreases. Rainfall energy results in sediment detachment, and runoff energy is the transportation for erosion sediment. This showed that rainfall energy and runoff energy are important in the sediment detachment and transportation of shallow overland flow.