用焦墨干擦出诗意人生的画家——郭斌

焦墨画是一种难度较大的用干笔蘸浓墨直接入画的古老画法。画得好则铿铿锵锵,刚健有力;画不好则枯燥乏味,形同柴槁。一般画家很少去触碰它。世界之大,无奇不有,敢于挑战自己,挑战极限之人,比比皆是。郭斌,这位生在陕西,工作在甘肃的秦风陇韵熏陶出来的西北汉子,硬是摒弃了画界的坦道,自己把自己逼上一条险途,凭借自己过人的艺术天分和强烈的创新意识,一路披荆斩棘,砥砺前行。最终绝处逢生,开辟出一片世外桃源来,蓬蓬勃勃地演绎着他焦墨山水世界的诗意人生……

Prevalence of non-Helicobacter pylori duodenal ulcer in Karachi,Pakistan

AIM:To determine the prevalence of non-Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-related duodenal ulcer in patients with acid-peptic diseases. METHODS: Medical records of patients who attended the Gastroenterology Department at Aga Khan University Hospital from 1999 to 2001 and had endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal ulcers were reviewed. Duodenal ulcer associated with H pylori was diagnosed on the basis of endoscopy, rapid urease test and histopathology whereas histories of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) related duodenal ulcers. Non-H pylori, non-NSAID duodenal ulcers were those without H pylori infection and history of NSAID intake. Co-morbid conditions associated were noted. RESULTS: Of 2 260 patients, 10% (217/2 260) had duodenal ulcer. Duodenal ulcer related to H pylori infection accounted for 53% (116/217), NSAID-related 10% (22/217), non-H pylori non-NSAID 29% (62/217), and 8% (17/217) had both H pylori infection and histories of NSAID intake. Fifteen percent (18/116)_patients had past histories of peptic ulcer disease in H pylori infection, while 8% (5/62) in non-H pylori non-NSAID ulcer. Co-morbid conditions in H pylori infection were seen in 23% (27/116) and 34% (21/62) in non-H pylori non-NSAID ulcer. CONCLUSION: Incidence of H pylori infection related with duodenai ulcer is common. In the presence of co-morbids, non-H pylori and non-NSAID duodenal ulcer is likely to be present.

Power Control Algorithm of Cognitive Radio Based on Non-Cooperative Game Theory

This paper addresses the power con- trol problems of Cognitive Radio （CR） trader transmission power and interference tempera- ture constraints. First, we propose the interfer- ence constraint which ensures that the Quality of Service （QoS） standards for primary users is considered and a non-cooperative game power control model. Based on the proposed model, we developed a logical utility function based on the Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio （S/NR） and a novel algorithm network power control. that is suitable for CR Then, the existence and uniqueness of the Nash Equilibrium （NE） in our utility function are proved by the principle of game theory and the corresponding optimi- zations. Compared to traditional algorithms, the proposed one could converge to an NE in 3-5 iterative operations by setting an appropriate pricing factor. Finally, simulation results ver- ified the stability and superiority of the novel algorithm in flat-fading channel environments.

A New Power Allocation Algorithm in Cognitive Radio Networks

Most resource allocation algorithms are based on interference power constraint in cognitive radio networks.Instead of using conventional primary user interference constraint,we give a new criterion called allowable signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR) loss constraint in cognitive transmission to protect primary users.Considering power allocation problem for cognitive users over flat fading channels,in order to maximize throughput of cognitive users subject to the allowable SINR loss constraint and maximum transmit power for each cognitive user,we propose a new power allocation algorithm.The comparison of computer simulation between our proposed algorithm and the algorithm based on interference power constraint is provided to show that it gets more throughput and provides stability to cognitive radio networks.

Quantum Tunneling of a Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate in Optical Lattice

We study quantum tunneling of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in optical lattice when the spin system initially is prepared in a squeezed coherent state. It is found that there exists quantum tunneling between lattices l and l ＋ 1, l and l - 1, respectively. In particular, when the optical lattice is infinitely long and the spin excitations are in the long-wavelength limit, quantum tunneling disappears between lattices l and l ＋ 1, and that l and l - 1. Correspondingly, the magnetic soliton appears.

Tunneling Dynamics Between Any Two Multi-atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein Condensates

Tunneling dynamics of multi-atomic molecules between any two multi-atomicmolecular Bose-Einstein condensates with Feshbach resonance is investigated. It is indicated thatthe tunneiing in the two Bose-Einstein condensates depends not only on the inter-molecular nonlinearinteractions and the initial number of molecule in these condensates, but also on the tunnelingcoupling between them. It is discovered that besides oscillating tunneling current between themulti-atomic molecular condensates, the nonlinear multi-atomic molecular tunneling dynamics sustainsa self-locked population imbalance: a macroscopic quantum self-trapping effect. The influence ofde-coherence caused by non-condensate molecule on the tunneling dynamics is studied. It is shownthat de-coherence suppresses the multi-atomic molecular tunneling.

Noncoherent Unitary Space-Time Codes： Constellation Design and Decoding Algorithm

Two novel schemes of unitary space-time constellations generation based on zero vectors adding are proposed for the multiple-antenna communication system. In the first scheme, T2 zero row vectors are added into conventional unitary matrices directly, and the number of new unitary matrices obtained by different positions of the added zero vectors in T symbol duration is [T / T2 ] times larger than that of conventional unitary matrices. In the second scheme, one part of the required constellations is created by the first scheme and the other part is obtained by the conventional design. This means that more information bits can be transmitted by the new constellations. According to their special construction, two corresponding decoding algorithms are proposed with low complexity in flat fading channel, respectively. At the same time, the probability of miss detection is deduced for the decoding algorithms. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed constellations outperform the conventional constellations and the proposed decoding algorithms are efficient and simple.

Tunneling Dynamics Between Atomic and Molecular Bose-Einstein Condensates

Tunneling dynamics of multi-atomic molecules between atomic and multi-atomic molecular Bose-Einstein condensates with Feshbach resonance is investigated.It is indicated that the tunneling in the two Bose-Einstein condensates depends on not only the inter-atomic-molecular nonlinear interactions and the initial number of atoms in these condensates,but also the tunneling coupling between the atomic condensate and the multi-atomic molecular condensate.It is discovered that besides oscillating tunneling current between the atomic condensate and the multi-atomic molecular condensate,the nonlinear multi-atomic molecular tunneling dynamics sustains a self-locked population imbalance:a macroscopic quantum self-trapping effect.The influence of de-coherence caused by non-condensate atoms on the tunneling dynamics is studied.It is shown that de-coherence suppresses the multi-atomic molecular tunneling.Moreover,the conception of the molecular Bose-Einstein condensate,which is different from the conventional single-atomic Bose-Einstein condensate,is specially emphasized in this paper.

Candida esophagitis:Risk factors in non-HIV population in Pakistan

AIM:Candida esophagitis is a frequent infection in immunocompromised patients. This study was designed to determine its characteristics in non- human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infected patients attending a teaching hospital.METHODS: Clinical records of all patients coded by international classification of diseases 9th revision with clinical modifications'(ICD-9-CM), with candida esophagitis diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and histopathology over a period of 5 years were studied.RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (27 males, 24 females, range 21-77 years old and mean age 52.9 years) fulfilled the criteria (0.34% of the EGD). The common predisposing factors were carcinoma (OR 3.87, CI 1.00-14.99) and diabetes mellitus (OR 4.39, CI 1.34-14.42). The frequent clinical symptoms were retrosternal discomfort, dysphagia and epigastric abdominal pain with endoscopic appearance of scattered mucosal plaques. Another endoscopic lesion was associated with candida esophagitis in 15% patients.CONCLUSION: Carcinomas, diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid and antibiotic therapy are major risk factors for candida esophagitis in Pakistan. It is an easily managed complication that responds to treatment with nystatin.

Landau-Zener Tunnelling of Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices

We investigate the Landau-Zener tunnelling of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates （BECs） in optical lattices. In the neighborhood of the Brillouin zone edge, the system can be reduced to two coupled nonlinear two-level models. From the models, we calculate the change of the tunnelling probability for each component with the linear sweeping rate. It is found that the probability for each component exhibits regular oscillating behavior for the larger sweeping rate, but for smaller rate the oscillation is irregular. Moreover, the asymmetry of the tunnelling between the two components can be induced by the unbalanced initial populations or the inequality of the two self-interactions when the cross-interaction between the components exists. The result can not be found in the single component BECs.

A Review of Studies on Sino-Kazakhstan Trade under the Belt and Road

As a country with the strongest economic strength and the largest land area in Central Asia, Kazakhstan is also the advocacy and ＂core nation＂ of the SCO with China. Taking full advantage of the existing SCO economic cooperation mechanism and using Kazakhstan as the starting point to speed up the coordinated development of the Silk Road Economic Belt and regional trade is an important measure to speed up the implementation of the strategy of China＇s free trade agreement and to co-ordinate the overall new pattern of opening up. The strategic concept of ＂One Belt and One Road＂ is of great significance for promoting the development of trade liberalization in China and Central Asia and for enhancing China＇s strategic position in the global trade pattern.

The Opportunities, Challenges and Countermeasures of Energy Cooperation between China and Kazakhstan under the Background of ＂One Belt and One Road＂

Relative to countries such as Russia, the United States, and Europe, China has only recently occupied a place in the energy sector in Kazakhstan. However, after 10 years of hard work, China has come to the fore and the fierce energy competition in Kazakhstan has become an important energy trading partner of Central Asian countries. Therefore, we can learn a lot of experience and lessons from our emphasis on cooperation with China＇s energy trade and research in Central Asian countries. Against the backdrop of fierce international energy competition and the deep implementation of the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ initiative, it is like a double-edged sword for energy trade cooperation between China and Central Asian countries, problem. How China seizes opportunities, resolves challenges, and further deepens pragmatic cooperation in the energy sector with Central Asian countries so as to better protect the country＇ s energy security is a very real issue.

Effects of Rumen-protected Methionine on Rumen Fermentation, lactation Performance and Plasma Characteristics in Dairy Cows

The objective was to evaluate effects of rumen-protected methionine （RP-Met） supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous （2.2 - 0.40 parity） Holstein dairy cows, averaged 620 ± 12.3 kg of BW, 68 ± 2.5 day in milk and daily milk production averaged 26.0 ±0.3 kg/cow were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were： control （without RP-Met）, LRP-Met, MRP-Met and HRP-Met with 20, 40 and 60 g RP-Met per cow per day, respectively. RP-Met was hand-mixed into the top one-third of the daily ration. Experimental periods were 30 days with 15 d of adaptation and 15 d of sampling. Dry matter （DM） intake and milk yields were not affected （P 〉 0.05） with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Yields of 4%FCM, ECM, milk fat and milk protein were higher （P 〈 0.03） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically （P 〈 0.05） changed due to the higher percentage of milk fat and protein for RP-Met supplementation than control （P 〈 0.03）. Ruminal pH tended to be lower （P = 0.071） for RP-Met supplementation than control, whereas total VFA concentration tended to be higher （P = 0.086） for RP-Met supplementation than control. Ratio of acetate to propionate decreased linearly （P = 0.001） from 4.01 to 3.57 as RP-Met supplementation increased due to the increase in propionate production. Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF in the total tract were higher （P 〈 0.05） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically （P 〈 0.05） increased with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Plasma concentrations of glucose not affected （P 〉 0.05） with RP-Met supplementation, Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA） were significantly lower （P = 0.017） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly （P = 0.011） changed. Plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate tended to be lower （P = 0.068） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly （P = 0.001） changed. The present results indicate that supplementation of diet with RP-Met improved the content of milk fat and protein, rumen fermentation and feed digestion, decreased plasma concentrations of NEFA. It was suggested that the RP-Met stimulated the digestive microorganisms or enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum RP-Met dose was about 25 g RP-Met per cow per day.

Predictive analysis of stress regime and possible squeezing deformation for super-long water conveyance tunnels in Pakistan

The prediction of the stress field of deep-buried tunnels is a fundamental problem for scientists and engineers. In this study, the authors put forward a systematic solution for this problem. Databases from the World Stress Map and the Crustal Stress of China, and previous research findings can offer prediction of stress orientations in an engineering area. At the same time, the Andersonian theory can be used to analyze the possible stress orientation of a region. With limited in-situ stress measurements, the Hock-Brown Criterion can be used to estimate the strength of rock mass in an area of interest by utilizing the geotechnical investigation data, and the modified Sheorey＇s model can subsequently be employed to predict the areas＇ stress profile, without stress data, by taking the existing in-situ stress measurements as input parameters. In this paper, a case study was used to demonstrate the application of this systematic solution. The planned Kohala hydropower plant is located on the western edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Three hydro-fracturing stress measurement campaigns indicated that the stress state of the area is SH - Sh 〉 Sv or SH 〉Sv 〉 Sh. The measured orientation of Sn is NEE （N70.3°-89°E）, and the regional orientation of SH from WSM is NE, which implies that the stress orientation of shallow crust may be affected by landforms. The modified Sheorey model was utilized to predict the stress profile along the water sewage tunnel for the plant. Prediction results show that the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stres- ses of the points with the greatest burial depth were up to 56.70 and 40.14 MPa, respectively, and the stresses of areas with a burial depth of greater than 500 m were higher. Based on the predicted stress data, large deformations of the rock mass surrounding water conveyance tunnels were analyzed. Results showed that the large deformations will occur when the burial depth exceeds 300 m. When the burial depth is beyond 800 m, serious squeezing deformations will occur in the surrounding rock masses, thus requiring more attention in the design and construction. Based on the application efficiency in this case study, this prediction method proposed in this paper functions accurately.

A Novel Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication Scheme with Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Pairs and Single Photons

A novel deterministic secure quantum communication （DSQC） scheme is presented based on Einstein- Podolsky-Rosen （EPR） pairs and single photons in this study. In this scheme, the secret message can be encoded directly on the first particles of the prepared Bell states by simple unitary operations and decoded by performing the Bell-basis measurement after the additional classic information is exchanged. In addition, the strategy with two-step transmission of quantum data blocks and the technique of decoy-particle checking both are exploited to guarantee the security of the communication. Compared with some previous DSQC schemes, this scheme not oniy has a higher resource capacity, intrinsic efficiency and total efficiency, but also is more realizable in practical applications. Security anaJysis shows that the proposed scheme is unconditionally secure against various attacks over an ideal quantum channel and still conditionally robust over a noisy and lossy quantum channel.

Effect of Anisotropic Spin-Orbit Coupling on the Ground State of Bose-Einstein Condensate in an External Potential

Spin-orbit coupled Bosonic atoms confined in external potentials open up new avenues for quantumstate manipulation and will contribute to the design and exploration of novel quantum devices.Here we consider a quasi-two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate confined in an external harmonic potential,with emphasis on the effects of anisotropic spin-orbit coupling on the equilibrium ground-state structure of such a system.For the cases with spin-orbit coupling solely in x- or y-axis direction,the ground-state structure can develop to the well-known standing wave phase,in which the two components always form an alternative density arrangement.For a two-dimensional anisotropic spin-orbit coupling,the separated lumps first become bend,then form two rows of stripe structure along y direction with further increasing the strength of spin-orbit coupling in x-direction.Furthermore,the distance between these two rows of stripe structure is also investigated in detail.

Quantum Interference of Dual-Channel Excited Magnons in Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensates Atomic Chain

We investigate the quantum interference of spin wave excitations of a spin-1 atomic Bose condensate confined in an optical lattice. Single-channel and dual-channel interactions are employed in our system, and their induced excitations are compared. Also we consider the interplay of magneto-optical excitations, which leads to a constructive or destructive effect for the creation of magnons based on background excitations. The population distributions of excited magnons can be well controlled by steering the long-range dipole-dipole interactions. Such a scheme can be used to demonstrate conventional quantum-optical phenomena like dynamical Casimir effect at finite temperatures.