The relationship between ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole was discussed by using the data set of sea temperature from Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the air temperature at 1000hPa from the NCEP reanalysis data and the...The relationship between ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole was discussed by using the data set of sea temperature from Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the air temperature at 1000hPa from the NCEP reanalysis data and the Nino3 index from the Climate Prediction Center （CPC） of U.S.A. during the period from 1955 to 2001. The results show that there exists a Dipole on the maximum temperature anomalous level （MTAL） in the Indian Ocean, which close relates to ENSO in the Pacific Ocean. During El Nino periods there are good relationships between ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole which maximum correlation occurring when ENSO leads by one month, but in La Nina periods the relationship is not so good. The distribution of Dipole in Indian Ocean is from northeast to southwest, which one （west） pole in 65°E - 75°E, 6°S - 10°S and the other in 85°E - 95°E, 2°N - 6°N, which is different from that defined by Saij. The correlation coefficients of Nino3 index with temperature anomalies in the west/east poles on the MTAL are over 0.4 - 0.15, respectively. It is a main sea temperature system in the tropical Indian Ocean. However, in the surface layer from sea surface to the depth of 20 m - 30 m there is no such a dipole with opposite sea temperature anomalies in the NE and SW of tropical Indian Ocean. The SSTA in the NE might be influenced by the sensible exchange process because the evolution of sea and 1 000 hPa air temperature anomaly time series of the NE of tropical Indian Ocean is quite similar except those during 1962 - 1963 and 1986. The periods of Indian Ocean Dipole are shorter than that of ENSO, and about 1 to 6-year.展开更多
A set of experimental data obtained at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering in a vertical bundle cooled with supercritical R-12 was analyzed. The test section was a 7-element bundle installed in a hexagonal ...A set of experimental data obtained at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering in a vertical bundle cooled with supercritical R-12 was analyzed. The test section was a 7-element bundle installed in a hexagonal flow channel with three grid spacers. Data was collected at pressures of approximately 4.65 MPa for several different combinations of wall and bulk-fluid temperatures that were below, at, or above pseudocritical conditions. Analysis of the data has confirmed that there are three distinct heat-transfer regimes for forced convention in supercritical fluids： （1） normal heat transfer, （2） deteriorated heat transfer, and （3） enhanced heat transfer. It was also confirmed that the effects of spacers are evident which was previously observed in sub-critical experimental data. This work compares the wall and bulk fluid temperature data of the experiments to predictions based upon current 1-D correlations for heat transfer in supercritical fluids.展开更多
Locking of the metacarpophalangeal （MCP） joint is commonly caused by hyperextension of the thumb or moderate flexion of the index or middle finger. We report a rare case of vertical locking of the MCP joint of the l...Locking of the metacarpophalangeal （MCP） joint is commonly caused by hyperextension of the thumb or moderate flexion of the index or middle finger. We report a rare case of vertical locking of the MCP joint of the little finger in a 16-year old female after blunt trauma to the little finger. The MCP joint was locked when positioned at approximately 90-degree-flexion and could not extend actively or passively. A manual reduction was easily achieved and no immobilization was applied. Vertical locking of the MCP joint can be easily reduced, and immobilization is unnecessary after reduction. Correct diagnosis prior to reduction and differentiation from other types of locking are essential to prevent overtreatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, (No. 40976015)National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No. (2010CB950302)
文摘The relationship between ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole was discussed by using the data set of sea temperature from Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the air temperature at 1000hPa from the NCEP reanalysis data and the Nino3 index from the Climate Prediction Center （CPC） of U.S.A. during the period from 1955 to 2001. The results show that there exists a Dipole on the maximum temperature anomalous level （MTAL） in the Indian Ocean, which close relates to ENSO in the Pacific Ocean. During El Nino periods there are good relationships between ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole which maximum correlation occurring when ENSO leads by one month, but in La Nina periods the relationship is not so good. The distribution of Dipole in Indian Ocean is from northeast to southwest, which one （west） pole in 65°E - 75°E, 6°S - 10°S and the other in 85°E - 95°E, 2°N - 6°N, which is different from that defined by Saij. The correlation coefficients of Nino3 index with temperature anomalies in the west/east poles on the MTAL are over 0.4 - 0.15, respectively. It is a main sea temperature system in the tropical Indian Ocean. However, in the surface layer from sea surface to the depth of 20 m - 30 m there is no such a dipole with opposite sea temperature anomalies in the NE and SW of tropical Indian Ocean. The SSTA in the NE might be influenced by the sensible exchange process because the evolution of sea and 1 000 hPa air temperature anomaly time series of the NE of tropical Indian Ocean is quite similar except those during 1962 - 1963 and 1986. The periods of Indian Ocean Dipole are shorter than that of ENSO, and about 1 to 6-year.
文摘A set of experimental data obtained at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering in a vertical bundle cooled with supercritical R-12 was analyzed. The test section was a 7-element bundle installed in a hexagonal flow channel with three grid spacers. Data was collected at pressures of approximately 4.65 MPa for several different combinations of wall and bulk-fluid temperatures that were below, at, or above pseudocritical conditions. Analysis of the data has confirmed that there are three distinct heat-transfer regimes for forced convention in supercritical fluids： （1） normal heat transfer, （2） deteriorated heat transfer, and （3） enhanced heat transfer. It was also confirmed that the effects of spacers are evident which was previously observed in sub-critical experimental data. This work compares the wall and bulk fluid temperature data of the experiments to predictions based upon current 1-D correlations for heat transfer in supercritical fluids.
文摘Locking of the metacarpophalangeal （MCP） joint is commonly caused by hyperextension of the thumb or moderate flexion of the index or middle finger. We report a rare case of vertical locking of the MCP joint of the little finger in a 16-year old female after blunt trauma to the little finger. The MCP joint was locked when positioned at approximately 90-degree-flexion and could not extend actively or passively. A manual reduction was easily achieved and no immobilization was applied. Vertical locking of the MCP joint can be easily reduced, and immobilization is unnecessary after reduction. Correct diagnosis prior to reduction and differentiation from other types of locking are essential to prevent overtreatment.
