垂直呈现的汉字顺序加工机制

目的:本研究利用中文文本特性,考察了在垂直阅读的双字词中,汉字位置信息在中央凹视野中是否得到加工以及是怎样加工的,垂直呈现的中文双字词是否具有汉字转置效应。研究方法:我们使用了词汇掩蔽启动决定任务,该任务的反应时指标体现了启动刺激在中央凹视野如何激活靶子刺激。我们选择两种不同类型的双字词:单纯词和合成词。三种类型的刺激作为启动条件:相同条件,转置条件和替换条件。启动刺激或与靶子词相同(相同条件),或是靶子词的汉字转置非词(转置条件),或是靶子词的汉字替换非词(替换条件)。结果:替换条件的正确率显著低于转置条件;替换条件的反应时显著长于转置条件,词类型和启动条件的交互作用不显著。因此,在垂直呈现的中文词汇识别过程中,存在明显的汉字转置效应。另外,在反应时上未发现词类型和启动条件存在交互作用。两种类型的双字词汉字顺序编码模式相似。结论:在垂直呈现下的汉字位置加工中发现了明显的转置启动效应。在文本垂直呈现时,中文双字词汉字顺序信息在中央凹视野中得到编码,汉字顺序编码十分灵活。这就说明虽然垂直呈现的中文词汇并不符合我们的阅读习惯,但人脑能够将呈现的汉字组转化为抽象的顺序编码,与方向无关。

The Viewpoint of Categorization Theory on the Nature of Reading Comprehension

This paper is intended to reveal the likelihood that conceptual categorization can be used to understand a text by reconstructing the semantic categories through which the author＇s meaning is conveyed, and proposes an alternative way to look into reading comprehension. It is proposed that categorization can be taken as an alternative approach to second/foreign language reading instruction. That is, while reading comprehension is defined in terms of the ability to recognize the inclusion and membership properties of contextually determined semantic categories in a text, the learner needs to arrange the events, actions, or concepts into a structured unit, both horizontally and vertically. Categorization theory will be introduced in relation to Rosch famous studies （1973, 1975）, examples taken from a graded reader will be illustrated as how to identify items with category structure, and finally issues that are not addressed in this paper will be discussed.