基于多普勒天气雷达的垂直散度和温度平流廓线反演

垂直散度廓线可用于推断大气垂直运动情况,垂直温度平流廓线可用于推断大气层结是否稳定,有助于预报员推断本站降水演变趋势。鉴于我国多普勒天气雷达中还没有垂直散度和温度平流廓线产品,提出了这两种产品的反演方法。首先使用分层VVP方法从雷达体扫径向速度资料中反演出雷达站上空的垂直风廓线和垂直散度廓线,然后在假设大气处于地转平衡条件下,基于温度平流与地转风随高度的变化关系,从垂直风廓线中反演出垂直温度平流廓线。以两次大范围暴雨天气过程为例,反演了雷达站上空的垂直风廓线、散度廓线和温度平流廓线,并对反演结果进行了分析。结果表明:在雷达周围有大范围降水回波的情况下,使用分层VVP方法能合理地反演出雷达站上空的垂直风廓线和散度廓线;在这种情况下,反演的垂直风廓线代表各个高度雷达有效探测范围内的平均水平风,可近似满足地转平衡条件,因此,使用热成风方程能较为合理地从垂直风廓线中反演出垂直温度平流廓线;三个反演产品的合理性可用天气学理论和天气实况来解释。

超高层建筑观光层流线设计研究

文章通过对工程案例的分类和归纳分析,从底层人流、垂直观光流线、水平观览流线等设计问题切入,对超高层建筑观光层的参观流线进行系统研究。

浅谈综合医院功能布局流线关系

以翔安医院的建筑设计为实例,着重介绍了该医院的功能布局及交通组织流线关系。

Investigation on a vertical radial flow adsorber designed by a novel parallel connection method

Due to the increasing global demand for industrial gas, the development of large-scale cryogenic air separation systems has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Increasing the height of the adsorption bed in a vertical radial flow adsorber used in cryogenic air separation systems may efficiently increase the treatment capacity of the air in the adsorber. However, uniformity of the flow distribution of the air inside the adsorber would be deteriorated using the height-increasing method. In order to reduce the non-uniformity of the flow distribution caused by the excessive height of adsorption bed in a vertical radial flow adsorber, a novel parallel connection method is proposed in the present work. The experimental apparatus is designed and constructed; the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) technique is used to develop a CFD-based model, which is used to analyze the flow distribution, the static pressure drop and the radial velocity in the newly designed adsorber. In addition, the geometric parameters of annular flow channels and the adsorption bed thickness of the upper unit in the parallelconnected vertical radial flow adsorber are optimized, so that the upper and lower adsorption units could be penetrated by air simultaneously. Comparisons are made between the height-increasing method and the parallel connection method with the same adsorber height. It is shown that using the parallel connection method could reduce the difference between the maximum and minimum radial static pressure drop by 86.2% and improve the uniformity by 80% compared with those of using the height-increasing method. The optimal thickness ratio of the upper and lower adsorption units is obtained as 0.966, in which case the upper and lower adsorption units could be penetrated by air simultaneously, so that the adsorbents in adsorption space could be used more efficiently.

Reflecting and transmitting effect of a planar unidirectionally conducting screen

The reflecting and transmitting effects of a planar unidirectionally conducting screen are analyzed based on the accurate closed-form expression for electric field of an arbitrarily oriented electric dipole.For a dipole oriented along the wire elements of the screen,the screen acts as a perfectly electrically conducting plane.For a dipole perpendicular to the wire elements,the fields reflected by the screen can be interpreted as the contribution of an image dipole and image transmission-line current source,while the transmitted field is arisen from image transmission-line source.The expressions of related surface waves are derived and can be compared with previous results.

Testing for Nonlinearity in Dynamic Characteristics of Vertical Upward Oil-Gas-Water Three-phase Bubble and Slug Flows

Based on the conductance fluctuation signals measured from vertical upward oil-gas-water three-phase flow experiment, time frequency representation and surrogate data method were used to investigate dynamical characteristics of oil-in-water type bubble and slug flows. The results indicate that oil-in-water type bubble flow will turn to deterministic motion with the increase of oil phase fraction f o and superficial gas velocity U sg under fixed flowrate of oil-water mixture Q mix . The dynamics of oil-in-water type slug flow becomes more complex with the increase of U sg under fixed flowrate of oil-water mixture. The change of f o leads to irregular influence on the dynamics of slug flow. These interesting findings suggest that the surrogate data method can be a faithful tool for characterizing dynamic characteristics of oil-in-water type bubble and slug flows.

DIGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF ASYMMETRIC SPIRAL RAINBANDS AROUND THE LANDING OF TYPHOON HAITANG (2005)

By using WRF mesoscale model, this paper carries out a numerical simulation and diagnostic analysis of the structural characteristics of the asymmetric spiral rain bands around the landing of Typhoon Haitang during the period of July 19 to 20, 2005. The result indicated that the two rainbands associated with the precipitation centre was mainly located northeast of the typhoon centre. The movement and intensity of the southern rainband corresponded well with the 850-hPa positive vorticity band from 0200 to 1800 UTC July 19, 2005. Under the effect of cyclonic circulation, the positive vorticity band at 850 hPa connected with a southern rain band, leading to the intensification of rainfall in the southern centre of the precipitation. The southward rainband gradually moved toward and then merges with the northward one, strengthening the rainfall in the northern centre of the precipitation. Besides, the relationship between the heavy rainfall and the divergence field of vertical shear wind in the high altitude is analyzed. Finally, the relationship is revealed between the development of the vertical component of convective vorticity vector and the rainfall near the two centres of precipitation in the low altitude.

Temperature Profiles of a Vertical, 7-Element Bundle Cooled with Supercritical Freon-12

A set of experimental data obtained at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering in a vertical bundle cooled with supercritical R-12 was analyzed. The test section was a 7-element bundle installed in a hexagonal flow channel with three grid spacers. Data was collected at pressures of approximately 4.65 MPa for several different combinations of wall and bulk-fluid temperatures that were below, at, or above pseudocritical conditions. Analysis of the data has confirmed that there are three distinct heat-transfer regimes for forced convention in supercritical fluids： （1） normal heat transfer, （2） deteriorated heat transfer, and （3） enhanced heat transfer. It was also confirmed that the effects of spacers are evident which was previously observed in sub-critical experimental data. This work compares the wall and bulk fluid temperature data of the experiments to predictions based upon current 1-D correlations for heat transfer in supercritical fluids.

Instabilities and pattern evolution in a vertically heated annulus

The convection in an annular container with heated bottom,cooled top and insulated side walls are studied by both linear instability analysis and direct numerical simulation.The onset of convection is investigated by linear stability analysis and corresponding pattern selection mechanisms are discussed.The nonlinear evolution of different flow patterns and the convective heat transfer are simulated.The transition to oscillatory flow is also given by stability analysis where the base flow is a steady three dimensional flow.The stability predictions are in good agreement with the numerical simulations,including both the growth rate and the dimensionless frequency.