[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different padding on ammonia concentration in broiler house and growth performance and blood indi- cators of broilers. [Method] A total of 480 one-day-old 817...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different padding on ammonia concentration in broiler house and growth performance and blood indi- cators of broilers. [Method] A total of 480 one-day-old 817 broilers were selected. They were randomly divided into four groups with different paddings, and each group was in triplicate. The weights of broilers and feed were weighed weekly. The growth performance of broilers was determined. On day 30, the ammonia concentra- tions in broiler houses were determined. On day 35, 6 broilers were randomly se- lected from each group, and their vein blood was sampled. In the sampled vein blood, the concentrations of ammonia, glucose, globulin, serum total protein and urea nitrogen were determined. [Result] There were significant differences in ammo- nia concentration among broiler houses laid with different paddings （P〈0.05）. The ammonia concentration in group 1 was significantly lower than those in group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）. No significant difference was found in ammonia concentrations in broiler houses between group 2 and group 3 （P〉0.05）. The ammonia concentration in group 4 was significantly higher than those in group1, group 2 and group 3 （,0〈 0.05）. There were also significant differences in blood indicators among different groups （P〈0.05）. The blood ammonia, blood glucose and serum urea nitrogen con- centrations in group 1 were significantly lower than those in other groups （P〈0.05）, the serum total protein concentration was significantly higher than those in group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）, and the serum globulin concentration was significantly higher than those in group 2, group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）. Significant differences were observed in feed intake, body weight gain and slaughter weight between different groups （P〈0.05）, but there were no significant differences in feed to grain ratio （P〉 0.05）. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, the padding of Chinese medicine residue showed better effect on reducing ammonia concentration in broiler house, which was conducive to play of production potential of broilers.展开更多
Urban heat environmental quality (UHEQ) is affected by the interacting of weather condition and underlying surface framework of urban area. In the last two decades, many researchers from domestic and overseas have stu...Urban heat environmental quality (UHEQ) is affected by the interacting of weather condition and underlying surface framework of urban area. In the last two decades, many researchers from domestic and overseas have studied many problems at the aspect of urban heat environment such as urban heat islands, urban air temperature and their relation with urban land cover, city population, air pollution etc. In the recent years, Hangzhou, acting as a center city of Zhejiang Province in China, its urbanization quantum and quantity have both changed greatly, in particular, representing as business affairs building, resident real property and all kinds of specialty market having arisen in built-up zone. Based on Landsat TM images data in 1991 and 1999, urban underlying surface temperature value and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated using image interpreting and supervised classification technique by remote sensing software ERDAS image 8.4. The relation model between urban underlying surface temperature (UUST) and urban air temperature was setup according to the certain correlation pattern. Reference to the relational standard of assessing human comfort and other meteorology data of Hangzhou City in summer, the spatial distribution characteristic and the spatial variation degree of human comfort of heat environmental quality are estimated and mapped on a middle scale, that is, in six districts of Hangzhou City . Then the paper reveals the main characteristic of spatial variation from 1991 to 1999. Lastly, the change mechanism is analyzed and discussed from the viewpoint of city planning, construction and environmental protection.展开更多
This research is on horizontal plane motion equations of Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV) and its simulation. To investigate this, a lot of simulation study including ACV's voyage and turning performance has been done. I...This research is on horizontal plane motion equations of Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV) and its simulation. To investigate this, a lot of simulation study including ACV's voyage and turning performance has been done. It was found that the voyage simulation results were accorded with ACV own characteristic and turning simulation results were accorded with USA ACV's movement characteristic basically.展开更多
The process characteristics of heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet and the working principle of air cushion furnace were introduced.The process position and irreplaceable role of air cushion furnace in th...The process characteristics of heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet and the working principle of air cushion furnace were introduced.The process position and irreplaceable role of air cushion furnace in the aluminum alloy auto body sheet production was pointed out after the difficulty and key points in the whole production process of auto body sheet were studied.Then the development process of air cushion furnace line of aluminum alloy sheet was reviewed,summarized and divided to two stages.Based on the research of air cushion furnace,the key technology of it was analyzed,then the key points on process,equipment and control models of air cushion furnace for aluminum alloy auto body sheet in future were put forward.With the rapid development of automotive industry,there will be certainly a new upsurge of research and application of air cushion furnace for heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet.展开更多
To achieve durability of the embankment in southern China,a method to control the change of moisture content with the cushion and cover was proposed.A finite element model of cushion and cover considering different ma...To achieve durability of the embankment in southern China,a method to control the change of moisture content with the cushion and cover was proposed.A finite element model of cushion and cover considering different materials and thicknesses for a typical embankment was built,and 20 numerical analyses of transient seepage in the embankment were simulated.The results show that the sand cushion effectively blocks the effect of groundwater capillary rise and the minimum thickness of the sand cushion is 75 cm without considering the atmospheric environment.With the combination of sand cushion and clay cover,as the thickness of the clay cover increases,the duration time of the moisture content from the initial to relative equilibrium state increases,but the equilibrium moisture content is the same as that of the original embankment.Besides,with the combination of the sand cushion and sand cover,the moisture content inside the embankment remains the same,which is consistent with the optimum moisture content during construction.The combination of 75 cm sand cushion and 30 cm sand cover is a very effective method to block groundwater and atmospheric environment,and achieve the control of the humidity stability of the embankment in southern China.展开更多
The course-keeping control of underactuated hovercraft with two aft propellers was considered. The control of the heading error and cross-track error was accomplished by the yaw torque merely in this case. The hovercr...The course-keeping control of underactuated hovercraft with two aft propellers was considered. The control of the heading error and cross-track error was accomplished by the yaw torque merely in this case. The hovercraft dynamic model is nonlinear and underactuated. At first the Controllability of course-keeping control for hovercraft was proved, then a course-keeping control law was derived that keeps hovercraft heading constant as well as minimizes the lateral movement of hovercraft. The proposed law guarantees heading error and sway error all converge to zero exponentially. Simulation tests were carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law. For further research, the disturbance influence would be considered in the dynamic equations.展开更多
This paper describes the unique structure of an intelligent air-cushion system of a hybrid electrical air-cushion track vehicle working on swamp terrain. Fuzzy expert system （FES） is used in this study to control th...This paper describes the unique structure of an intelligent air-cushion system of a hybrid electrical air-cushion track vehicle working on swamp terrain. Fuzzy expert system （FES） is used in this study to control the swamp tracked vehicle＇s intelligent air cushion system while it operates in the swamp peat. The system will be effective to control the intelligent air-cushion system with total power consumption （PC）, cushion clearance height （CCH） and cushion pressure （CP）. Ultrasonic displacement sensor, pull-in solenoid electromagnetic switch, pressure sensor, micro controller and battery pH sensor will be incorporated with the FES to investigate experimentally the PC, CCH and CP. In this study, we provide illustration how FES might play an important role in the prediction of power consumption of the vehicle＇s intelligent air-cushion system. The mean relative error of actual and predicted values from the FES model on total power consumption is found as 10.63 %, which is found to be alomst equal to the acceptable limits of 10%. The goodness of fit of the prediction values from the FES model on PC is found as 0.97.展开更多
基金Supported by Innovation Project for Universities and Research Institutes in Jinan City(201303053)Shandong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2014GGH210001)Program of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Shandong Province~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different padding on ammonia concentration in broiler house and growth performance and blood indi- cators of broilers. [Method] A total of 480 one-day-old 817 broilers were selected. They were randomly divided into four groups with different paddings, and each group was in triplicate. The weights of broilers and feed were weighed weekly. The growth performance of broilers was determined. On day 30, the ammonia concentra- tions in broiler houses were determined. On day 35, 6 broilers were randomly se- lected from each group, and their vein blood was sampled. In the sampled vein blood, the concentrations of ammonia, glucose, globulin, serum total protein and urea nitrogen were determined. [Result] There were significant differences in ammo- nia concentration among broiler houses laid with different paddings （P〈0.05）. The ammonia concentration in group 1 was significantly lower than those in group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）. No significant difference was found in ammonia concentrations in broiler houses between group 2 and group 3 （P〉0.05）. The ammonia concentration in group 4 was significantly higher than those in group1, group 2 and group 3 （,0〈 0.05）. There were also significant differences in blood indicators among different groups （P〈0.05）. The blood ammonia, blood glucose and serum urea nitrogen con- centrations in group 1 were significantly lower than those in other groups （P〈0.05）, the serum total protein concentration was significantly higher than those in group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）, and the serum globulin concentration was significantly higher than those in group 2, group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）. Significant differences were observed in feed intake, body weight gain and slaughter weight between different groups （P〈0.05）, but there were no significant differences in feed to grain ratio （P〉 0.05）. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, the padding of Chinese medicine residue showed better effect on reducing ammonia concentration in broiler house, which was conducive to play of production potential of broilers.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40001008).
文摘Urban heat environmental quality (UHEQ) is affected by the interacting of weather condition and underlying surface framework of urban area. In the last two decades, many researchers from domestic and overseas have studied many problems at the aspect of urban heat environment such as urban heat islands, urban air temperature and their relation with urban land cover, city population, air pollution etc. In the recent years, Hangzhou, acting as a center city of Zhejiang Province in China, its urbanization quantum and quantity have both changed greatly, in particular, representing as business affairs building, resident real property and all kinds of specialty market having arisen in built-up zone. Based on Landsat TM images data in 1991 and 1999, urban underlying surface temperature value and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated using image interpreting and supervised classification technique by remote sensing software ERDAS image 8.4. The relation model between urban underlying surface temperature (UUST) and urban air temperature was setup according to the certain correlation pattern. Reference to the relational standard of assessing human comfort and other meteorology data of Hangzhou City in summer, the spatial distribution characteristic and the spatial variation degree of human comfort of heat environmental quality are estimated and mapped on a middle scale, that is, in six districts of Hangzhou City . Then the paper reveals the main characteristic of spatial variation from 1991 to 1999. Lastly, the change mechanism is analyzed and discussed from the viewpoint of city planning, construction and environmental protection.
文摘This research is on horizontal plane motion equations of Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV) and its simulation. To investigate this, a lot of simulation study including ACV's voyage and turning performance has been done. It was found that the voyage simulation results were accorded with ACV own characteristic and turning simulation results were accorded with USA ACV's movement characteristic basically.
文摘The process characteristics of heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet and the working principle of air cushion furnace were introduced.The process position and irreplaceable role of air cushion furnace in the aluminum alloy auto body sheet production was pointed out after the difficulty and key points in the whole production process of auto body sheet were studied.Then the development process of air cushion furnace line of aluminum alloy sheet was reviewed,summarized and divided to two stages.Based on the research of air cushion furnace,the key technology of it was analyzed,then the key points on process,equipment and control models of air cushion furnace for aluminum alloy auto body sheet in future were put forward.With the rapid development of automotive industry,there will be certainly a new upsurge of research and application of air cushion furnace for heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet.
基金Project(2017YFC0805307)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(51838001,51878070,51878078,51911530215,51927814)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+5 种基金Project(2018JJ1026)supported by the Excellent Youth Foundation of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(17A008)supported by the Key Project of Education Department of Hunan Province,ChinaProjects(kfj150103,kfj170106)supported by the Changsha University of Science&Technology via Key Project of Open Research Fund of National Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology,ChinaProject(kfj170404)supported by the Open Fund of Engineering Research Center of Catastrophic Prophylaxis and Treatment of Road and Traffic Safety of Ministry of Education(Changsha University of Science&Technology),ChinaProject(CX2018B527)supported by the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,ChinaProject(2018-025)supported by the Training Program for High-level Technical Personnel in Transportation Industry,China。
文摘To achieve durability of the embankment in southern China,a method to control the change of moisture content with the cushion and cover was proposed.A finite element model of cushion and cover considering different materials and thicknesses for a typical embankment was built,and 20 numerical analyses of transient seepage in the embankment were simulated.The results show that the sand cushion effectively blocks the effect of groundwater capillary rise and the minimum thickness of the sand cushion is 75 cm without considering the atmospheric environment.With the combination of sand cushion and clay cover,as the thickness of the clay cover increases,the duration time of the moisture content from the initial to relative equilibrium state increases,but the equilibrium moisture content is the same as that of the original embankment.Besides,with the combination of the sand cushion and sand cover,the moisture content inside the embankment remains the same,which is consistent with the optimum moisture content during construction.The combination of 75 cm sand cushion and 30 cm sand cover is a very effective method to block groundwater and atmospheric environment,and achieve the control of the humidity stability of the embankment in southern China.
文摘The course-keeping control of underactuated hovercraft with two aft propellers was considered. The control of the heading error and cross-track error was accomplished by the yaw torque merely in this case. The hovercraft dynamic model is nonlinear and underactuated. At first the Controllability of course-keeping control for hovercraft was proved, then a course-keeping control law was derived that keeps hovercraft heading constant as well as minimizes the lateral movement of hovercraft. The proposed law guarantees heading error and sway error all converge to zero exponentially. Simulation tests were carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law. For further research, the disturbance influence would be considered in the dynamic equations.
文摘This paper describes the unique structure of an intelligent air-cushion system of a hybrid electrical air-cushion track vehicle working on swamp terrain. Fuzzy expert system （FES） is used in this study to control the swamp tracked vehicle＇s intelligent air cushion system while it operates in the swamp peat. The system will be effective to control the intelligent air-cushion system with total power consumption （PC）, cushion clearance height （CCH） and cushion pressure （CP）. Ultrasonic displacement sensor, pull-in solenoid electromagnetic switch, pressure sensor, micro controller and battery pH sensor will be incorporated with the FES to investigate experimentally the PC, CCH and CP. In this study, we provide illustration how FES might play an important role in the prediction of power consumption of the vehicle＇s intelligent air-cushion system. The mean relative error of actual and predicted values from the FES model on total power consumption is found as 10.63 %, which is found to be alomst equal to the acceptable limits of 10%. The goodness of fit of the prediction values from the FES model on PC is found as 0.97.
