《城与市》与刘恪之道

本文对中国重要的先锋作家刘恪的代表作《城与市》作了传记学、社会学、文学史三个层面的分析,首先讲了《城与市》的书名显出的作者对20世纪90年代以后中国的一种文学性感受;然后,把《城与市》放在作者的创作道路的整体中,讲了作者与时代和文潮之间的一种独特关联;最后对《城与市》所集中呈现出来的作者的独特的文学追求,把玩中文和文体实验,进行了理论分析,并对之从本体高度进行了一种询问。

迷宫世界的深度生存——论《城与市》的寓言式表达

一 走进刘恪的先锋小说《城与市》，仿佛陷入一所到处断壁残垣、蛛网盘结的迷宫，一时间无从把握方向和路径。小说几乎完全是由破碎的、零散的情节片断构成：穿叉跳跃的生活碎片、瞬间闪过的思想碎片、飘忽不定的人物碎片，加上各式各样的文体如日记、诗歌、随笔、文论、影视诗剧、观察笔记、辞条分析、文字考证等等杂糅在一起，给人以眼花缭乱的感觉。从外部形态上看，《城与市》所营构的视觉平面与立体主义、未来主义绘画极其相似，都是支离破碎、扭曲变形的许多句子在没有标点的约束下漂流，许多人物在颠覆了性格化、典型化和类型化等传统写法的情况下游走，同时，多方位的叙述视角也在交代匮乏的条件下走马灯似的转换，读者总是被颠来倒去，找不到走出迷宫的阿里阿德涅之线。

《城与市》的叙事伦理

《城与市》是一部集先锋文学之大成的作品,它有着多元主题,叙述也力求多样。采用散点叙述,其伦理意义在于体现了后现代社会碎片化的生活。这种叙事方式也导致了作者对于细节的强调,从而达到对这个后现代世界的隐喻。

在绝境中星移 刘恪《城与市》及先锋美学的重估

本事，或者先锋的绝境 刘恪的《城与市》写于1996年至1998年，成书出版于“白色恐怖”的非典之年。笔者第一次触摸这部作品，是在1999年，那个千禧将至的秋天。刘恪说过，作为历史，包括他本人在内，都难免“灰飞烟灭”。然而，十五年过去，初识这部作品给予笔者的震惊与惶惑，至今依然历久弥新，挥之不去。诗人于坚曾残酷地断言，“先锋”一代风流云散，踪迹全无。但“先锋”的使命感和孤独感，总是让人牵肠挂肚，难以释怀。

警惕城镇化虚张风险

改革开放以来城镇化在加速推进的同时,"城大市小"质量下降凸显。速度过快、方式粗放,土地城镇化超前、人口城镇化滞后,资源瓶颈收紧、环境约束增强等,倒逼"补市"、"兴市"政策出台。本文从理论与实践的结合上,提出厘清概念,城镇化还是城市化;改革体制,摆正政府与市场的关系;职能回归,政府和市场各司其职与破除"二元体制"等改革创新思路和决策选择。

惯例拒役者:文体作为一种创作实践

读《一滴水的传说——关于〈湘源记〉的元叙事》,阅读十分艰难,因为十分碎片,我必须在散文、诗歌、神话、寓言、小说等文体以及地理学、化学、物理学、哲学、历史学、心理学等知识中来回缠绕,竭尽全力去理解作者把跨文体和深度体验延伸到文化地域写作中,进行原乡诉求的可行性以及意图所在。跨文体与深度体验,是刘恪先生最喜欢采用的两种方式。早年的长篇小说《城与市》就是一部典型的互文性元叙述小说,涵盖二十多种文体,包括文论、日记、书信、随笔、散文诗、观察笔记、实验性诗剧、寓言、戏拟、反乌托邦、辞条分析、诗歌、超现实拼贴、神话、传说、民间故事、通俗故事、注释、小注、补注、图画、文本内参、删节参考、心理讲述、感觉分析等等,多重文本集结在一起,互文性彼此侵略,戏仿性彼此颠覆,各种文体的修辞手段极端繁复,可谓达到了跨文体的巅峰。

Assessment of urban sustainable development using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Sustainable development index evaluation system is the foundation of the study on the realization of sustain- able development, and it is also an important part to turn sustainable development into operation from philosophical idea. With the rapid economic development, problems of environmental protection appear, and the sustainable develop- ment strategy attracts more and more attention of academia and government. However, because sustainable develop- ment is a complicated and dynamic process, there is no unified index system to evaluate it at present. Based on the theories on cities and sustainable development and certain principles and guidelines, this paper filters sustainable development index, quantizes some key indexes, designs the index system made up of economy, society, environment and resources and system harmony, and comprehensively evaluates the status quo of the sustainable development of a certain area.

Children's participatory design for sustainable development and community planning

The urban developments have been carried out by only professionals for a long time because of efficiency and safety. However, most residents are ordinary people. Therefore, it is necessary to change the awareness of sustainable living environments, not only on the construction side but also the residents. In recent years, the number of cases of residents＇ participation in planning, maintaining, and repairing increased. However, sometimes youths and children, who might spend a lifetime longer than adults in a city after the developments have been done, are not included in this ＂Residents＂. Conceming youth and children＇s participation, CFC （child friendly city） is one of the good practices for sustainable development. It was launched by UNICEF （United Nations Intemational Children＇s Emergency Fund） and UN-Habitat in the Habitat II in 1996. City governments, especially in European countries, started to view CFC as their key concept for preservation and/or sustainable development. CFC means not only being ＂Children＂ friendly but also ＂All people＂ friendly. Various effects have been reported since the Historic Cities/districts included CFC in their city planning as a common concept, especially in education, community re-development, and operation and maintenance by the community. It is expected that better city planning in preservation and sustainable development can be achieved by adding CFC concept. In this research, an ideal way of city planning involving resident participation and the possibility in the future are analyzed based on case studies. Then a strategy of sustainable development and community planning involving youth and children＇s participation is proposed.

Explorations of Public Participation Approach to the Framing of Resilient Urbanism

Under the framework of developing resilient and livable cities, this study was aimed at engaging local communities to achieve the goal of public participation. Given the prevalence of smart mobile devices, an interactive app called ＂Citizen Probe＂ was designed to guide users to participate in building resilient and livable urban spaces by enabling users to report the condition of their living environment. The app collects feedback from users regarding the perceived condition of the urban environment, and this information is used to further develop an open online index system. The index system serves as a guide for the public to actively transform their city into a resilient and livable urban environment. The app was designed for the reporting of flood incidents with the objective of resilient disaster prevention, which can be achieved by enabling users to identify disaster conditions in order to develop a database for basic disaster information. The database can be used in the prevention and mitigation of disasters and to provide a foundation for developing indices for assessing the resilience and livability of urban areas. Three communities in Taichung, Taiwan, participated in the study. Residents of these communities were requested to use the app and identify local environmental conditions to obtain spatial data according to four stages in disaster response： assessment, readiness, response, and recovery. A volunteered geographic information database was developed to display maps for providing users with current reports ofpredisaster risk assessment, disaster response capacity, real-time disaster conditions, and overall disaster recovery. In addition, the database can be used as a useful tool for researchers to conduct GIS analyses and initiate related discussions. The interactive appraises public awareness on disaster prevention and makes disaster prevention a daily norm. Further discussion between the public and experts will be initiated to assist in policy management pertaining to the ongoing development of cities in addition to improving disaster prevention and response measures.

Man, City, and Nature in The Woman Warrior and Ballad of Eternal Sorrow

In a time of the global market economy, if one wants to live harmoniously together with nature or living environment, he should not think with a theoretical mode of dualist contradiction but that of harmony and coexistence such as ＂wholeness of man and nature＂. To illustrate this point, this paper thinks The Woman Warrior and Ballad of Eternal Sorrow are two significant texts： Ballad of Eternal Sorrow tells an ordinary, self-respecting, and life-respecting story of WANG Qi-yao and the girls like her as well as the city Shanghai. They blend into one harmonious whole： The city is like the girls and the girls match the city. Likewise, The Woman Warrior highlights the significance of naturc on the girl narrator＇s epiphany and healthy growth. The narrator comes to understand that paradoxes are the basic existent condition of human beings and so what she needs to do is to be magnanimous and balanceable in accepting these paradoxes.

Computer support system for residential environment evaluation for citizen participation

Though the method of citizen participation in urban planning is quite well established, for a specific segment of residential environment, however, existing participation system has not coped adequately with the issue. The specific residential environment has detailed aspects that need positive and high level involvement of the citizens in participating in all stages and every field of the plan. One of the best and systematic methods to obtain a more involved citizen is through a citizen workshop. To get a more “educated” citizen who participates in the workshop, a special session to inform the citizen on what was previously gathered through a survey was revealed to be prerequisite before the workshop. The computer support system is one of the best tools for this purpose. This paper describes the development of the computer support system for residential environment evaluation system, which is an essential tool to give more information to the citizens before their participation in public workshop. The significant contribution of this paper is the educational system framework involved in the workshop on the public participation system through computer support, especially for residential environment. The framework, development and application of the computer support system are described. The application of a workshop on the computer support system was commented on as very valuable and helpful by the audience as it resulted in greater benefit to have wider range of participation, and deeper level of citizen understanding.

Participation of Users in Traditional and Modern Turkish Settlements

When the development level of a city is determined, its residents＇ level of participation and support to social organizations, especially the voluntarily participation to civil organizations, are taken into account, as well as, their level of utilization from city services. It is beneficial to organize civil groups who are sensitive to urban and environmental issues. In traditional Turkish settlements, it can be talked about the existence of such an organization as a natural process in social organizations including moral and humanistic values. The feeling of belonging had raised the environmental quality both physically and socially. Respect to the nature and human was the main principle of these settlements. Such organizations has displaced with the written rules and official or civil organizations in modern urban settlements. In these organizations, participation of the users to urban planning decisions is not directly, but indirectly. As people who live in modern settlements do not participate to the planning and building process, they have not felt themselves belong to the place. The environmental quality and respect to the nature and human have been lessened in these modern settlements. This study focuses on the participation of users on planning and building housing environments in traditional and modern Turkish settlements and the comparison of them with their positive and negative results with the examples given.

新商圈里的光与热

城与市,道出城市之精髓,既要有“城”的防御,更要有“市”的贸易。逐渐走出疫情阴霾的杭城,再次掀起了又一轮的新消费热潮。老牌商圈摩拳擦掌、商圈“新贵”拔地而起,城市各大商圈纷纷使出“新招”,争相呈现瞩目的新气象。每当夜幕降临,从高空俯瞰这座熟悉的城市之时,湖滨、武林、黄龙、钱江新城、新天地等商圈和集市灯光璀璨,环绕于各大商圈的交通路网脉络交织,路灯、车灯所散射的荧光,一同串起了这座城市的光热与活力。

R & D Activities on Urban Forestry in the Philippines

This paper highlights the research and development activities being done on urban forestry in the Philippines. The rolethat R & Dplaysin urban forestryislikewise discussed in theintroduction. Recommended tree species for urban planting are presented including their characteristics and distribution. Researches related to urban forestry being conducted are listed with a short description of each project. Development activities on urban forestry are likewise discussed. Finally, recommended R &D agenda and researchable areasbased on the Philippine Agenda 21 and the Department of Environmentand NaturalResources(DENR) R & D Framework are presented.

The attitudes of primary school teachers toward inclusive education in rural and urban China

This study investigated the attitudes of primary school teachers from the selected rural and urban areas in China toward inclusive education.The results indicated that,(1)teachers’attitudes are composed of three dimensions:positive and negative effects of inclusion,and benefits of segregated special education;(2)most surveyed teachers demonstrated positive attitudes toward segregated special school education while supporting inclusion;(3)rural and urban teachers held significantly different attitudes toward inclusion,and urban teachers were more negative toward inclusion than rural ones;and(4)teachers’attitudes were not essentially influenced by resources,teaching years or relevant special education training.

Exploring the Scale Effects of Trade-offs and Synergies of Multifunctional Cultivated Land——Evidence from Wuhan Metropolitan Area

The purpose of this paper is to explore the trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land(MCL) at multiple scales. The study area is Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China. The entropy method and the method of Spearman’s rank correlation were employed for the analysis of combined land use/cover data, administrative division data, population data and statistical yearbook data, from the multi-scale perspectives of cities, counties and townships. The results showed that:(1) The multi-functionality of cultivated land had obvious spatial differences and its overall spatial patterns were relatively robust, which did not change very much at the single scale.(2) At each single scale, the MCL’s trade-offs and synergies had spatial heterogeneity.(3) Scale effects existed in the MCL’s trade-offs and synergies. From the prefecture-level city scale, to the county scale, and to the township scale, the MCL’s trade-offs were changed to synergies, and some synergic relationships were enhanced. This article contributes to the literature by deepening the multiscale analysis of trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land. The conclusions might provide a basis for helping policy-makers to implement protection measures for the multi-functionality of cultivated land at the right spatial scale, and to promote the higher-level synergies of multifunctional cultivated land to realize its sustainable use.